红土镍矿含碳球团还原焙烧-磁选试验

为提高红土镍矿金属品位及回收率,采用含碳球团还原焙烧-磁选分离工艺对镍品位为1．45％（质量分数,余同）的红土镍矿进行了处理,研究了还原温度、配碳量、还原时间以及磁选工艺对Ni、Fe品位和回收率的影响。试验结果表明：随着还原温度和配碳量的增加,Ni、Fe品位及回收率均会增加,其中温度的影响最大,配碳量次之,时间最小。1...     

碳热还原多金属矿制备含钛硅铁合金的研究

使用新疆某多金属矿为原料,采用碳热还原感应熔炼的方法制备含钛的硅铁合金,通过单因素实验研究了碳热还原温度、配碳量以及保温熔炼时间对金属回收率、合金成分以及熔炼渣物相的影响。实验结果表明:在碳热温度为2 073 K,配碳量为0.8倍理论配碳量,保温熔炼时间为0.5 h的最佳单因素条件下,金属回收率最高为52%,所得合金中各元素质量分数分别为Al 0.338%、Si 39.74%、Fe 45.54%、Ti 6.84%和C 0.058%,还原渣的物相主要为MgAl_2O_4相。     

低锰高铁矿直接还原-熔分制备富锰渣试验研究

摘要：试验以锰品位27.7%,铁品位18.1%的低锰高铁矿为研究对象还原制备富锰渣,生产得到的富锰渣可用于冶炼硅锰合金,以达到高效利用低品位锰矿的目的。根据该矿的成分分析、XRD分析和粒度检测分析结果,采用还原 熔分法对低锰矿进行还原制备富锰渣试验,试验结果表明：单因素试验下各参数对低锰高铁矿的还原-熔分后渣中Mn、Fe元素的含量和Mn元素的回收率均有较大影响,同时结合Box-Behnke原理设计方案,选取温度、碱度以及配碳量3个试验因素,通过响应曲面法研究各因素交互作用下对Mn元素回收率的影响规律,对试验因素进行优化分析,建立相应的多项式模型。模拟优化得到最优的工艺条件为：还原温度1402℃,碱度0.10,配碳量10.04%,Mn元素回收率为97%。在最佳条件下做验证试验得出Mn元素回收率为95.80%,误差1.24%,证明响应曲面法预测模型具有可靠性,同时对低锰高铁矿的应用有重要指导意义。     

微波加热含碳锰矿球团冶炼高碳锰铁的研究

对微波加热含碳锰矿球团冶炼高碳锰铁进行了试验研究,探明配碳系数、炉渣碱度对锰回收率的影响。结果表明,采用微波加热含碳锰矿料球,可以冶炼出符合要求的高碳锰铁合金。配碳系数及炉渣二元碱度对锰元素回收率影响显著,当配碳系数为1.4、炉渣二元碱度为2.0时,锰元素回收率最高可达90%以上。当配碳过量时,锰元素回收率下降明显。     

低FeO烧结条件下的适宜配碳量和碱度

通过微型烧结试验研究配碳量和碱度对烧结矿中FeO含量的影响程度,以及对烧结液相生成和固结强度的影响规律,探讨低FeO烧结条件下,烧结矿中适宜的配碳量和二元碱度。试验结果表明:降低配碳量或提高碱度,烧结矿中FeO含量均降低;液相流动性随配碳量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。配碳量为4.0%时液相量达到最高值,但随碱度升高液相流动性增强;烧结矿自身粘结相强度随配碳量增加略有下降趋势,但其随碱度增加而升高。因此,低配碳量条件将引起烧结液相量不足和烧结矿冷态强度下降。通过提高碱度,可以弥补液相不足并确保烧结矿冷态强度。结合烧结杯试验结果,明确烧结料中配碳量为2.92%,碱度提高到2.1时,能实现低FeO烧结的同时获得产、质量指标优良的烧结矿。     

红土矿微波处理后冶炼镍铁试验研究

以微波处理后的红土矿为原料,分别进行了熔炼温度、熔炼时间及炉渣碱度3个单因素的试验研究.实验结果表明:提高熔炼温度对熔炼效果有积极的影响,当温度超过1530℃后,继续升高熔炼温度,熔炼效果没有明显的变化.增加熔炼时间能使反应充分进行,当熔炼时间超过50 min后,继续增加熔炼时间,熔炼效果没有明显的变化.提高炉渣碱度对熔炼效果有积极的影响,当炉渣碱度超过1.1后,继续增大炉渣碱度,熔炼效果反而变差.确定冶炼镍铁的工艺条件为:熔炼温度为1 515～1 530℃,熔炼时间为50～60 min,炉渣碱度为1.1左右.     

微波处理低品位锰矿冶炼硅锰合金试验研究

对微波加热国产低品位锰矿含碳球团冶炼硅锰合金进行试验研究,探明了还原剂种类、配碳系数、碱度等对锰元素回收率的影响。结果表明,采用微波加热含碳低品位锰矿球团可以冶炼出硅锰合金。以木炭为还原剂时,锰回收率可达63.3%,冶炼效果明显优于兰碳。配碳系数及碱度对冶炼效果有明显影响,最佳配碳系数为1.3,最佳碱度为0.7。通过混合高品位锰矿的方式,提高混合锰矿中锰含量,对锰元素回收率没有明显影响。     

铁精矿含碳球团高温还原熔分试验研究

试验以澳洲铁精矿为原料,对该矿进行XRD、SEM分析。采用含碳球团高温还原渣铁分离方法,考察配碳量和碱度两个因素对金属回收率的影响,结果表明:在含碳球团高温还原熔分试验中,还原温度和时间不构成限制环节条件下,金属回收率与最终熔分的渣熔点有很大关系,过量和不足均不利于金属回收。最终试验得出,在C/O=1.0,碱度为0.5条件下最有利于含碳球团的高温还原熔分,金属回收率达到97.36%。     

从不锈钢粉尘中选择性提取Cr、Ni和Zn重金属

基于热力学计算结果,通过配碳还原-熔分工艺,从不锈钢粉尘中选择性分步提取了Cr、Ni和Zn重金属元素.配碳还原实验结果表明,不锈钢粉尘的最佳配碳量为20%,粉尘中Fe、Ni和Zn的最低还原温度为1050℃,Cr的最低还原温度是1 400℃,与热力学计算结果一致,通过控制温度实现了对粉尘中金属的选择性分步还原.直接还原熔分实验说明,Fe-Cr合金最佳熔分温度为1550℃,粉尘中金属以Fe-Ni-Cr合金形式被提取出来,渣金分离状况良好,反应时间5min时金属提取率已达到75%左右,15 min时Fe和Cr收得率达到85%以上,Ni超过90%.通过控制配碳量、还原时间与反应温度,在不改变现有工艺的条件下,不锈钢粉尘直接返回炼钢主流程回收其重金属完全可行.      

铜渣还原磁选工艺实验研究

以浮选铜渣的尾渣为原料,对其配碳还原和磁选分离工艺进行实验研究.探究碱度、温度对铜渣还原的影响,并研究在相应条件下不同粒度对磁选产物的影响.对铜渣进行矿相分析可知铁主要以Fe3O4和铁橄榄石形式存在;焙烧温度为1 175℃、配碳量为wC/wO=1.2、碱度为R=0.4、粉碎粒度小于42μm时经还原和磁选,可得铁品位74.7%的磁性物质;对还原产物进行矿相分析后发现金属铁颗粒弥散分布在还原产物中,铜元素以冰铜的形式嵌布在金属铁颗粒中.     

利用铜渣制备铁硫合金的实验研究

摘要：火法炼铜过程中产生的铜渣含有较高的有价金属,结合前期实验研究,提出了利用铜渣、硫铁矿和增炭剂混合制备能消除沉降电炉炉结的铁硫合金的新方法。结合工业应用条件,控制碳的加入量使铜渣中的铁橄榄石还原成单质Fe和铁硅比为2:9的共晶体残渣,实现了渣与合金因密度和熔点差异自动分离。结合FeO-SiO2二元系相图,并利用XRD、XRF研究了最佳制备温度、保温时间、碳粒度、碳添加比对铁硫合金密度和残渣铁硅比的影响,分析了铜渣中Fe、Cu、Ni的回收效果。结果表明：最佳制备温度1350℃、保温时间30min、碳粒度小于96μm、碳添加比1:6,此时制备出的铁硫合金满足消除炉结要求,且残渣易分离;铜渣中Fe回收率为33.52%,Cu回收率为95.34%,Ni回收率为100%。     

Optimum condition for smelting high carbon ferromanganese

Abstract

In the present study, pilot plant experimental heats were designed and carried out to determine the optimum condition for smelting high carbon ferromanganese through investigating some parameters affecting the smelting process including Mn/Fe ratio of the blend, coke ratio, slag basicity and dolomite/limestone ratio of the flux. The results of pilot plant experimental heats showed that using Mn blend with high Mn/Fe ratio decreases the consumption of charging materials: Mn ores, coke and fluxing materials (limestone and dolomite). This means that lower amounts of Mn ores, coke and flux materials can be used for attaining the same output alloy weight by increasing the Mn/Fe ratio of the blend. Furthermore, the produced slag decreases as Mn/Fe ratio of the blend increases. The higher Mn/Fe ratio of the blend does not only reduce the input materials and the produced slag, but also improves the produced alloy quality by increasing the Mn percent and Mn/Fe ratio of the produced high carbon ferromanganese. For obtaining standard HCFeMn alloy containing minimum 75%Mn, it is necessary to use Mn blend with the Mn/Fe ratio of higher than 6·2. The added coke must be adjusted according to the material balance and stoichiometric to prevent the over-coke and minimise the highly endothermic ‘Boudouard reaction’ to attain the highest Mn recovery and metallic yield. Furthermore, the slag basicity should be optimised with flux addition to attain the highest Mn recovery and metallic yield. The optimum slag basicity for attaining the highest manganese recovery and metallic yield depends on the used formula. The slag basicity can be determined from the chemical composition of raw material mixture with taking into consideration that about 2% of silicon in the raw material mixture will be reduced and goes into metal phase. Much higher slag basicity is not recommended as this practice produces viscous slag accompanied with lower Mn recovery and metallic yield. The results also revealed the negative effect of increasing MgO/CaO ratio of slag on manganese recovery and metallic yield. The MgO/CaO ratio in the slag decreases by decreasing the dolomite/limestone ratio in the flux.     

拜耳法赤泥对红土镍矿还原性能的影响

利用真空电弧炉高温还原熔炼工艺,结合金属回收率、还原产物微观组织和元素分布分析,研究了拜耳法赤泥对红土镍矿还原性能的影响。结果表明:添加拜耳法赤泥能够提高红土镍矿高温还原熔炼时渣的碱度,有利于渣铁分离,提高铁镍元素的回收率,从而减少其他熔剂的添加量;同时,拜耳法赤泥中的钛元素也随铁、镍元素一起被还原,进入到铁镍合金中,丰富了铁镍合金的元素组成,镍、铬元素均匀分布在铁相中,而钛元素聚集成不规则大颗粒析出。     

碳热还原法回收不锈钢尾渣中铁和铬的试验

 在理论分析的基础上,对国内某钢厂不锈钢尾渣进行高温碳热还原试验研究,研究了碳当量、碱度、反应温度和保温时间对铁、铬还原率的影响。结果表明,增加碳当量、降低碱度和提高反应温度均能提高铁、铬的还原率,铁的还原率最高可以达到93.29%,铬的还原率最高为76.49%。其中碳当量较低时,铁、铬的还原率均较低,随着碳当量的增加,在铁的还原率趋于稳定后,铬的还原率会大幅上升;碱度为1.4～1.2时,铁和铬的还原趋于平缓;当保温时间超过60 min后,延长时间并不能显著地提高铁、铬的还原率。     

Parameters affecting manganese oxidation in top blown basic oxygen converter

The data obtained from 84 heats carried out in a 90-t top blown basic oxygen converter were used to study the effects of slag composition and temperature on the activity coefficient and activity of manganous oxide in the slag as well as on the manganate capacity and the manganese distribution between slag and metal. In addition, the dependence of manganese activity in the metal on the concentration of maganese and temperature was also investigated. The present study carried out in wide ranges of temperature, 1350–1690°C, and slag basicity expressed as (CaO)/(SiO₂), 1.4–10.6, clarifies the dependence of MnO activity coefficient mainly on temperature. The activity coefficient of MnO increases by decreasing the temperature. On the other hand, activity of MnO increases by increasing MnO concentration and temperature. Both activity coefficient and activity of MnO in the slag slightly increase by increasing the slag basicity. At constant temperature, the activity of Mn in the molten metal varies linearly with Mn concentration and tends also to increase with increasing temperature at constant Mn concentration. The increase in manganese activity by increasing Mn concentration is much steeper at high temperatures. The manganate capacity as well as manganese distribution ratio decrease with increasing temperature at constant basicity and tend also to slightly decrease with increasing slag basicity at constant temperature. Equations describing the parameters affecting activity coefficient and activity of manganous oxide in the slag, manganese activity in the metal, manganate capacity and manganese distribution ratio have been derived.     

Application and analysis of slag holdup model in BF deadman

The operation of blast furnace is considerably influenced by slag performance, particularly in BF hearth. Slag holdup in deadman has negative effects on hearth, such as sharp peripheral flow of hot metal and carbon brick erosion. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the slag holdup. In this paper, a slag holdup model was proposed to give a transient snapshot of the internal state of BF. Based on the analysis of practical example of Jingtang (Hebei, China) No. 1 blast furnace, three typical models and the slag holdup model were compared. Furthermore, the effects of slag basicity(CaO/SiO₂), MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio, temperature of hot metal, diameter of coke, shape factor of coke and voidage of deadman on slag holdup were investigated. The results show that current slag holdup model can timely predict the general trend of the permeability of the deadman and internal state of hearth. In addition, the influence extent of the six factors which affect the slag holdup is in the following order (from large to small effect): the voidage of deadman, shape factor of coke, diameter of coke, basicity(CaO/SiO₂), MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio, temperature of hot metal. The weighting ratio of these factors is 1:0.92:0.69:0.69:0.38:0.23.     

基于转炉CaO-SiO2-FeO-10%MgO渣系脱磷行为

 基于CaO-SiO2-FeO-10%MgO渣系,从热力学角度对渣钢界面的脱磷行为进行分析,归纳出磷分配比与钢液温度、碳质量分数以及炉渣成分间的表达式,并在此基础上绘制出了CaO-SiO2-FeO-10%MgO渣系的等磷分配比线,同时分析了转炉终渣氧化性、碱度以及温度对磷分配比的影响情况。研究结果表明,转炉吹炼过程磷分配比是钢液温度、碳质量分数和炉渣成分的函数,通过与实际生产数据进行验证,发现其与实际结果吻合良好。基于该预测公式,在其他条件不变情况下,随着炉渣FeO质量分数增加,磷分配比[LP]先增加后减小,当终渣FeO质量分数为18%左右时达到最大值;随着终渣碱度的增加,渣钢间磷分配比增加,当终渣超过4.0时,磷分配比增加不再明显。     

熔融改质含磷钢渣碳热还原回收有价元素试验

 针对含磷转炉渣中磷、铁及锰等有价资源回收及有价元素回收后钢渣资源化利用的问题,通过理论计算、电阻炉试验、感应炉试验等研究手段,系统分析了熔融改质后的含磷钢渣碳热还原回收有价元素的热力学条件和影响规律。研究结果表明,还原温度为1 723 K、碱度为1.0~2.0时,低碱度有利于渣中铁、磷资源的回收;当炉渣碱度为1.0时,Fe₂O₃、P₂O₅、MnO还原率分别可达到99.50%、84.47%和3.26%,渣中铁元素和磷元素收得率分别为99.50%和68.69%;当碱度为1.5时,渣中Fe₂O₃、P₂O₅还原率分别为90.45%和63.73%,与碱度为1.0时相比还原率降低;当碱度为2.0时,渣铁未实现完全分离,渣中Fe₂O₃还原率为71.43%。在感应炉内对熔融改质工业渣碳热还原试验中,在碱度为1.0时,温度为1 723 K条件下,渣中铁元素收得率可以达到99%以上,磷收得率为47.18%;通过热力学分析可以发现,FeO、P₂O₅与MnO相比更容易被碳还原,在试验过程发现,FeO及P₂O₅先还原,反应20 min后渣中MnO开始被还原,整个还原过程中渣中MnO含量略有降低;碳热还原后渣中FeO质量分数仅为0.07%,渣中P₂O₅质量分数为0.93%,MnO质量分数为2.83%;利用FactSage对比改质渣还原前后物相组成可知,还原后渣中含铁物相(Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂)物相能得到有效控制,磷酸钙质量分数明显减少,渣中橄榄石相大幅度增加,提高了钢渣的应用范围,这为含磷钢渣有价元素回收及资源化利用提供了研究基础。     

转炉铁水预处理脱磷的影响因素

 基于炉外铁水深度预脱硫+转炉铁水预脱磷的铁水预处理工艺是当今低磷或超低磷钢冶炼的重要工艺平台,其中转炉铁水预处理脱磷是关键的技术环节。以国内“双联转炉炼钢法”预脱磷炉实践为出发点,在实验室高温炉上通过顶加脱磷剂、浸入吹氧进行了铁水模拟转炉预脱磷影响因素的试验研究,比较了铁水温度、铁水初始硅质量分数w(Si)_i、脱磷渣碱度、供氧制度、搅拌强度、萤石加入量对脱磷效率的影响。结果表明,各因素对脱磷率影响的顺序为铁水温度＞w(Si)_i＞供氧制度＞脱磷渣碱度、搅拌强度＞萤石加入量;适宜的工艺参数为铁水温度为1 300 ℃,w(Si)_i 为0.10%～0.26%或低于0.30%,脱磷渣碱度为2.9～3.0,供氧制度中气氧与固氧各占50%或固氧稍偏多,维持较高的搅拌强度;转炉内铁水预脱磷处理可不加萤石。