露天开采爆破振动信号小波包分析

用传统的傅立叶变换理论无法对爆破振动信号进行准确的时频分析,利用小波包分析所得到的良好的时频局部化性质,可以很好地对爆破地震波进行信号分解和能量分析。在阐释小波包变换基本原理的基础上,给出了爆破振动信号能量分析方法的理论解析,并结合应用实例,对爆破振动信号进行小波包能量分解,把振动信号划分为几个重要频带进行分析,据此得出不同频带上的能量分布和变化,从而确定露天采场某一特殊地形的爆破地震波衰减规律。     

露天开采爆破振动信号小波包分析

用传统的傅立叶变换理论无法对爆破振动信号进行准确的时频分析,利用小波包分析所得到的良好的时频局部化性质,可以很好地对爆破地震波进行信号分解和能量分析。在阐释小波包变换基本原理的基础上,给出了爆破振动信号能量分析方法的理论解析,并结合应用实例,对爆破振动信号进行小波包能量分解,把振动信号划分为几个重要频带进行分析,据此得出不同频带上的能量分布和变化,从而确定露天采场某一特殊地形的爆破地震波衰减规律。     

精确延时爆破振动时频特征及实际延时识别研究

爆破振动信号承载了丰富的爆源与地质属性特征信息,为从能量分布与能量密度角度解析爆破振动信号时频特征,并准确识别毫秒延时爆破实际段间延时时间。设计开展工程现场精确延时台阶爆破振动监测试验,通过MATLAB软件编制小波变换与小波包分析程序,研究爆破振动信号能量在频域的分布规律,利用时能密度分析方法对毫秒延时爆破实际延时时间进行识别。研究结果表明,精确延时台阶爆破振动能量主要集中于5～150 Hz频带范围,并可划分为多个能量集中的子振频带。峰值振动速度与振动能量随传播距离逐渐衰减,但衰减速率存在差异。依据振动信号时间能量密度分布曲线可有效确定实际延时时间,识别延时时间与设计延时时间最大相对误差为4.2%,平均相对误差为2%。提出了一种考虑地震波传播距离差异因素的延时识别修正方法,弥补了各炮孔与监测点距离变化引起地震波传导时间增减而导致的延时识别误差。研究成果可为毫秒延时爆破参数优化设计及电子雷管起爆网路盲炮识别提供理论依据,为复杂环境爆破振动效应分析及控制积累经验。     

露天开采爆破振动信号小波包分析

用传统的傅立叶变换理论无法对爆破振动信号进行准确的时频分析,利用小波包分析所得到的良好的时频局部化性质,可以很好地对爆破地震波进行信号分解和能量分析.在阐释小波包变换基本原理的基础上,给出了爆破振动信号能量分析方法的理论解析,并结合应用实例,对爆破振动信号进行小波包能量分解,把振动信号划分为几个重要频带进行分析,据此得出不同频带上的能量分布和变化,从而确定露天采场某一特殊地形的爆破地震波衰减规律.     

爆破参量对爆破振动信号能量分布特征影响的研究

为从能量分布角度研究爆破振动信号以控制爆破地震危害,利用小波包技术对比分析了单段和多段微差爆破、单段有无临空面等不同爆破条件下监测到的爆破振动信号各频带上的能量分布特性,研究结果表明:爆破振动信号能量集中分布在200 Hz以下的主振频带附近,主振频带又可分为几个子振带;爆破振动信号中高频(90～125 Hz)成分的衰减快于低频(0～75 Hz)成分;单段爆破条件下振动信号在低频带上的能量分布要高于多段微差爆破时振动信号在该频带上的能量分布;当炮孔有临空面时,炸药爆炸后穿过岩石粉碎区并以地震波形式传播的能量会减小;单段爆破时,药量的增加会导致振动信号总能量的明显增加,但对于各频带能量分布规律的影响并不明显。     

坝基开挖爆破振动频带小波能量分析

结合蒲石河蓄能电站下水库坝基开挖爆破振动监测数据,运用小波分析方法,对爆破振动信号进行小波多层分解,获得各频带PPV及爆破振动分量的小波频带能量,通过分析比较,得出此次爆破振动信号的能量在频域上分布较广泛,但绝大部分能量集中在0～200 Hz,在传播过程中能量迅速衰减;小波频带能量可以反映爆破振动信号强度、频率和作用时间;并指出爆破振动出现的多子频、多峰值揭示了只采用单个主振频带来代替整个频域,有欠准确,在未来的研究中应将多主频的影响因素考虑进去.     

岩体结构面对爆破地震波传播规律影响分析

为探索岩体结构面对爆破振动速度峰值、主频和信号中的能量分布等的影响,在钻沟石灰石露天矿爆破生产现场进行爆破振动测试。分别采用小波包分析和ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟软件对结构面影响下的爆破振动信号和爆破振动传播规律进行分析研究。小波包分析结果表明,当地震波穿过结构面时,爆破振动频率介于0~15.6 Hz之间的能量占爆破地震波能量比例随之增加,增幅达63.1%,而振动频率介于15.7~31.3 Hz之间的能量比例随之降低,降幅达56.9%。数值模拟结果表明,爆破地震波在未穿过结构面之前和穿过结构面后,振速峰值没有明显的衰减;而穿过结构面时,振速峰值衰减明显,其平均减震率为40.66%。此外,地震波在坡体内受高程和结构面双重作用,导致其放大系数呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

单段爆破振动信号频带能量分布特征的小波包分析

爆破振动分析是研究爆破振动危害控制的基础,也是控制爆破振动危害的前提。根据爆破振动信号具有短时非平稳的特点,利用小波包分析技术对满足分析要求的单段微差爆破振动信号的能量分布特征进行研究。首先,简略地介绍了小波变换与小波包分析的特点。其次,基于MATLAB对单段爆破振动信号进行小波包分析,得到了爆破振动信号在不同频带上的能量分布图。最后,总结了单段爆破振动信号频带能量的分布特征。结果表明,在单段爆破中,爆破震动信号成分主要以中高频(39Hz~156Hz)为主,低频成分(39Hz以下)所占比例极少。     

爆破振动信号特征分析的应用探讨

从信号的处理、分析入手,基于MATLAB小波分析工具箱的平台,透过傅里叶变换和小波变换对爆破振动信号进行特征分析,构建爆破振动信号不同频带振动分量的时频图谱;从能量角度出发,基于小波能量法,以小波频带能量作为研究对象,探求爆破振动信号不同频带能量的分布特征及内在规律性,以此探讨爆破地震波的作用机制和行为特征.     

液态CO2爆破系统地震波时频分析

为了研究液态CO_2爆破系统地震波时频特性,现场微震监测试验获得液态CO_2爆破地震波信号,根据爆破地震波信号具有非平稳的特点,首先采用自适应最优核时频分析方法对地震波信号的基本时频特征进行研究,在此基础上通过结合小波包变换分解与重构技术和自适应最优核时频分析方法,对地震波信号的能量分布进行了精细化分析。结果表明:液态CO_2爆破地震波的衰减速度较快,震动速度处于很低的水平;主频范围在30~70 Hz之间,持续时间约为20~30 ms;能量主要分布在0~125 Hz,由两个两个主要区域组成,表明在液态CO_2爆破作用过程中高压流体产生两次不同峰值压力的爆炸冲击波。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.