如何降低汽车涂装过程造成的污染

本文围绕汽车涂装过程中使用的涂装材料、涂装工艺及设备,阐述了降低汽车涂装过程中造成污染的措施,指出采用低污染材料、先进的生产设备,并优化生产工艺,是解决汽车涂装“三废”问题的有效途径。     

汽车涂装常见漆膜缺陷案例分析

在汽车涂装过程中,漆膜缺陷会影响到车身合格率。分析了汽车涂装中常见的漆膜缺陷案例,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

机器人喷涂在汽车涂装中的应用

机器人喷涂已在汽车涂装中得到广泛应用,论述了机器人喷涂具体的工艺过程,主要工艺参数,以及其对涂装过程的影响。     

简述汽车涂装技术的现状与发展动态

涂装材料、涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理是汽车涂装的四大要素,相互之间相辅相成,促进了涂装工艺和技术的进步与发展。21世纪被称为面向环境的新世纪,环境保护倍受全球关注,并已成为人类最迫切研究的课题。汽车及其零部件的涂装是汽车制造过程中能耗最高且产生三废最多的环节之一。因此,减少涂装公害、降低涂装成本、提高涂装质量一直是涂装技术发展的主题。     

苏联汽车涂装的现状和发展趋势

我国汽车涂装工艺及汽车用涂料的发展,在五十年代受苏联的影响很大,因而汽车涂装工艺、涂料品种、发展过程及供应渠道极其相仿。在近二十年中,苏联从美、意、法等国家引进技术,改造了汽车工业,使其涂装工艺达到了先进水平,但汽车涂料的品种和质量差距甚大。文中提出的问题及发展趋势,与我国汽车涂装和涂料现今存在的问题有类似之处。现将该文译出,供同行们参考。     

汽车修补涂装的喷涂操作技术

介绍了汽车修补涂装喷涂前的准备工作和汽车修补涂装时喷漆枪的调整,以及汽车修补涂装时喷漆枪的使用;同时指出了涂装作业过程中漆雾的危害、处理及喷漆枪的维护。     

中国最新车身涂装工艺概述

涂装材料、涂装工艺、涂装设备、涂装管理是汽车涂装的四大要素,相互之间相辅相成,促进了涂装工艺和技术的进步与发展。21世纪被称为面向环境的新世纪,环境保护倍受全球关注,并已成为人类最迫切研究的课题。汽车及其零部件的涂装是汽车制造过程中能耗最高且产生三废最多的环节之一。因此,减少涂装公害、降低涂装成本、提高涂装质量一直是涂装技术发展的主题。     

浅谈汽车涂装电泳

简单介绍了汽车车身电泳涂装工艺流程,从实际生产过程当中寻求影响电泳涂装的工艺参数,以及电泳涂装的方法与技巧,在实际工作中分析解决了电泳过程中出现的问题,例如电泳流痕、缩孔等质量问题。     

水性3C1B汽车涂装工艺车身外观的影响因素浅析

水性3C1B汽车涂装工艺是建立在传统3C2B工艺基础上开发的精益化工艺,是目前最先进的涂装技术。它不仅仅在环保方面领先,在设备投入、材料消耗等方面也具备很好的经济性,并且能够完全符合汽车涂装工艺的要求。外观是评价汽车涂装质量的重要指标之一,良好的外观为汽车车身的美观性增添异彩。从施工应用方面,对水性3C1B汽车涂装工艺车身外观的优化进行浅析,找出施工应用过程中的关键影响因素。     

汽车修补涂装的喷涂操作技术

根据汽车修补喷涂技术的一般要领,介绍了汽车修补涂装喷涂前的准备工作和汽车修补涂装时喷漆枪的调整,以及汽车修补涂装时喷漆枪的使用;同时指出了涂装作业过程中漆雾的危害及处理喷漆枪的维护。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。