聚丙烯酸钠复合超滤膜研制初探(Ⅰ) UPANA-1复合膜的制备

以聚丙烯酸钠为复合膜分离层材料,多孔的聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜为基膜研制出具有超薄分离层的聚丙烯酸钠复合超滤膜(UPANA-1).用浓度为0.005 g/L的分子量为1 000的聚乙二醇水溶液作为介质溶液,室温、压力0.6 MPa下做膜性能测试,UPANA-1膜的截留率大于90%,水通量为32.6 L/(m2*h).并着重研究了基膜的选择、超薄分离层膜液的组成等制膜条件对复合膜性能的影响.     

聚丙烯酸钠复合超滤膜研制初探（I）UPANA—l复合膜的制备

以聚丙烯酸钠为复合膜分离层材料,多孔的聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜为基膜研制出具有超薄分离层的聚丙烯酸钠复合超滤膜(UPANA-1).用浓度为0.005 g/L的分子量为1 000的聚乙二醇水溶液作为介质溶液,室温、压力0.6 MPa下做膜性能测试,UPANA-1膜的截留率大于90%,水通量为32.6 L/(m2*h).并着重研究了基膜的选择、超薄分离层膜液的组成等制膜条件对复合膜性能的影响.     

膜截留分子量对污水分置式好氧膜生物反应器处理性能的影响

不同截留分子量超滤膜的好氧膜生物反应器研究结果表明,膜的截留分子量越大,膜表面越易出现浓差极化现象,清洗周期缩短;截留分子量对越滤膜水通量的影响随运行时间增加而逐渐减少;截留分子量对好氧膜生物反应器有机物去除性能影响较小;膜截留分子量不同,生物反应器内的MLSS浓度也会明显不同,该现象的确切原因则有待于实验研究来进一步确定。     

陶瓷超滤膜在右旋糖酐分离中的应用

本文采用自制的陶瓷超滤膜分离右旋糖酐,研究了操作参数如压力、温度、膜面流速和料液浓度等对陶瓷超滤膜分离右旋糖酐的影响,并对操作参数进行了优化.所用陶瓷超滤膜材料为氧化锆,切割分子量约为2 700,纯水渗透率约为375L/(m~2·h·MPa).研究表明,增大操作压力,膜通量以及右旋糖酐的截留率均有所增加.当操作压力增加至0.3 MPa时,右旋糖酐与果糖的分离因子最大,二者的分离效果最好.温度变化时,膜通量随温度的升高而升高,但右旋糖酐的截留率随温度的上升而下降.适当增大膜面流速有利于增大膜通量和右旋糖酐的截留率.此外,还考察了陶瓷超滤膜在右旋糖酐分离纯化过程中的稳定性.当料液浓度为60g/L时,陶瓷膜在连续12h的运行过程中,膜通量稳定在24L/(m~2·h)左右,分离因子稳定在11.5以上.陶瓷超滤膜在右旋糖酐分离方面展现了良好的应用前景.     

戊二醛-硫酸混合交联壳聚糖/聚砜复合纳滤膜的结构与性能

以聚砜超滤膜(截留分子量10 000)为基膜,壳聚糖乙酸溶液为铸膜液,使用相转化法制备了戊二醛-硫酸混合交联壳聚糖/聚砜复合纳滤膜,并研究了壳聚糖浓度、戊二醛-硫酸混合交联剂等因素对该膜分离效果的影响.在操作压力1.6 MPa、流量30 L/h、20℃条件下,测得纯水通量为12.84 L/(m2.h),对2 000 mg/L的NaCl、MgCl2、Na2SO4和MgSO4的截留率分别为6.6%,94.5%,34%和80.4%,水通量依次为6.93,11.92,6.95和6.73 L/(m2.h);对分子量不低于280的有机物截留率高于90%;对0.01～0.1 mol/L KCl溶液在0.1～0.7 MPa下测定膜的流动电位为60～6 mV/MPa.电解质离子分离机理取决于膜与电解质离子之间的电荷作用.     

壳聚糖超滤膜的研究

以壳聚糖为原料，2％乙酸为溶剂，选择适当的膜液组成和制备条件，可以制得截留分子量为67000的超滤膜．该膜对0．1％牛血清蛋白的截留率可达90％以上．研究了铸膜液组成和若干因素对膜性能的影响．     

高性能碟式陶瓷膜在油水乳液分离中的研究

为解决膜分离技术处理油水乳液所遇到的膜污染问题,本文选择碟式陶瓷膜,采用动态过滤方式,研究了跨膜压差、膜转速和进料液温度对处理油水乳液的渗透通量和截留率的影响.结果表明:使用平均孔径为100 nm的碟式陶瓷膜处理油质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的油水乳化液,当进料液温度为30℃、膜旋转速度为365 r/min、跨膜压差...     

利用葡聚糖和蛋白质进行超滤膜切割分子量测试对比研究

采用切割分子量不同的葡聚糖和蛋白质标准物质,测试了几种进口商品平板膜和国产商品中空纤维超滤膜的切割分子量.结果表明:采用葡聚糖进行切割分子量测试时,测得的切割分子量明显大于商品超滤膜厂家提供的切割分子量数据,可能原因在于葡聚糖呈链状结构,易穿过膜孔;而采用蛋白质来评价超滤膜的切割分子量时,测试的切割分子量结果较为接近商品超滤膜厂家提供的数据.在对比不同膜对相邻分子量的测试物质截留率的变化趋势后发现,不同膜的孔径分布情况存在较大差异,传统上采用的单一膜的切割分子量指标未能全面反映膜的截留效能.     

膜法纯化液相沉淀法合成的纳米Fe2O3水合物

采用超滤膜分离技术纯化由液相沉淀法合成的纳米氧化铁水合物,考察超滤膜材质及截留分子量(MWCO)、膜分离过程操作参数对透过通量大小及稳定性的影响;并研究膜污染机制及相应的清洗方案.结果表明,纯化效果好、效率高,且污染膜易于清洗,可重复使用,膜法纯化不失为一有效的纯化新途径.     

聚醚砜膜提纯乳糖的研究

以聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为添加剂,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,采用相转化法制备了对PEG的截留分子量为20 000的聚醚砜超滤膜.通过对操作压力、料液的温度和浓度等条件的变化对蛋白质截留率、膜通量及乳糖透过率影响的分析,研究了不同的影响因素对乳糖超滤效果的影响规律.并确定了最佳工艺条件:压力在0.3 MPa左右较适宜,温度为50~60℃,料液浓度为100~150 g/L,处理时间为45~60 min.比较了不同清洗剂对PES膜超滤性能恢复的效果.结果显示,当超滤1 h通量减少一半时,用0.5%的NaOH清洗20 min后就可以恢复70%的膜通量.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.