PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物在缺口冲击与缺口拉伸实验中的脆韧转变

用缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验研究PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物的脆韧转变。结果显示,POE-g-MAH含量对共混物脆韧转变的影响主要是POE-g-MAH含量对裂尖局部应变速率的影响。在缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验中,随着POE-g-MAH含量增加,裂尖附近参与变形的范围增大,导致局部应变速率降低。当局部应变速率降低至某临界值时,材料的断裂发生脆韧转变。在缺口拉伸实验中,随着拉伸速度增加,PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物发生脆韧转变的POE-g-MAH含量增加。这可能是拉伸速度与POE-g-MAH含量对PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物裂尖局部应变速率共同影响的结果。     

PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用熔融共混的方法将聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝共聚物(ABS)共混,通过改变共混物的组成,制备了一系列不同橡胶含量和基体组成的PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物,研究了共混物的力学性能及形变机理。结果发现,随着基体树脂中PVC含量的增加,共混物的冲击韧性显著提高,而拉伸强度逐渐降低,同时促使共混物发生脆韧转变所需的橡胶含量逐渐减少。形态结构研究表明,由于基体树脂链缠结密度的增加,共混物的形变机理逐渐由银纹向剪切屈服转变,进而导致体系韧性的增加。     

PS/粉末SBR-g-s共混体研究Ⅰ.相结构、冲击断裂机理与冲击韧性

以粉末SBR-g-s与PS树脂共混,测定了共混体的Charpy无缺口冲击强度与PR用量的关系曲线.用TEM和SEM分别分析了共混体的相结构和冲击断面形貌.研究了共混体的相结构、冲击断裂机理和冲击强度之间的关系.结果发现,在关系曲线被转变点划分的每一区域内,冲击断裂机理只发生量变而无质变,故冲击强度与PR用量成正比,而随着区域的变换冲击断裂机理发生了质变,导致了冲击强度的变化不连续,从而出现转变点.当粉末非交联SBR-g-s用量为20%,共混体发生脆韧转变;其冲击断面局部区域呈"须根"形貌,证实存在剪切屈服机理;脆韧转变的临界条件为:橡胶相粒径≥0.8 μm,粒面间距离≤0.9 μm,PS富相含混溶性SBR(SBR/PS,质量)≥3%.     

HDPE/sPS/SEBS共混物中增容剂的分布及对力学性能的影响

用2种组成相近而相对分子质量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)增容高密度聚乙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(m(HDPE)/m(sPS)=80/20)共混物。利用增容剂(SEBS)与共混物组分之间溶解性的差异,以四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂选择刻蚀掉增容剂相,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了共混物的形态结构及增容剂在共混物中的分布情况;结合拉伸测试,阐明了增容剂的相对分子质量及其分布对HDPE/sPS共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,较低相对分子质量的SEBS主要分布在两相界面,并能显著提高两相界面粘接性,进而能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度;而较高相对分子质量的SEBS更倾向以胶束形式分散在HDPE基相中,不能明显改善界面强度,但却有利于改善共混物的韧性。     

EPDM-g-SAN对EPDM/SAN共混体系形态及力学性能的影响

摘要：研究了接枝共聚物EPDM-g-SAN对EPDM／SAN共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。扫描电镜和粒径统计分析发现,随着EPDM-g-SAN接枝共聚物的加入,共混体系EPDM分散相的粒径变小、粒径分布变窄,且共混物的缺口冲击强度明显提高,发生了脆韧转变;基体的塑性变形显著增加,表明接枝共聚物在不相容两相聚合物间起到了良好的增容作用。冲击断面扫描电镜分析证实了韧性增加的机理。     

弹性体增韧聚丙烯共混体系的研究

用弹性体对聚丙烯(PP)增韧改性,探讨了基体树脂、POE/EPDM、HDPE的用量对共混体系力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察冲击断面,研究共混物的形态结构。结果表明,用POE橡胶来增韧和用EPDM增韧相比,前者使材料有更好的弯曲强度和弯曲模量;两者对拉伸强度的影响不大;后者使材料的冲击强度较大。     

高密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共混物的动态流变行为相形态及力学性能

通过熔融共混制备了不同质量比的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物,采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜及电子万能试验机等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、相形态及力学性能。结果表明,HDPE/EVA为不相容共混物,HDPE质量分数较高的共混物界面相互作用高于EVA质量分数较高的共混物,这就导致了HDPE质量分数较高的共混物中分散相尺寸更小。在50/50共混物中发现了明显的共连续相结构。HDPE与EVA共混后降低了HDPE相的熔点,提高了EVA相的熔点,这归因于EVA相对HDPE相的稀释作用以及HDPE相对EVA相的成核作用。当HDPE质量分数较高时,共混物的拉伸强度呈现出正偏差,而对于50/50的共混物以及EVA质量分数较高的共混物则显示出负偏差。断裂伸长率与拉伸强度的变化趋势相同,除了80/20共混物有所例外,这可能是由于该组成下共晶度较高所致。     

PA6/POE-g-MAH共混体系缺口冲击断裂机理研究

研究了PA6/POE-g-MAH共混体系缺口冲击断裂的裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展、冲击断面形貌及紧邻断面下方截面上的相形态.结果显示:随着POE-g-MAH质量分数增加,PA6/POE-g-MAH共混体系缺口冲击断裂发生脆韧转变,裂纹源由"中心辐射型"转变为"线型",裂纹扩展形貌由岩石状脆性断裂特征转变为具有横纹形貌的韧性断裂特征.在紧邻韧性断面下方的截面上可观察到网状形貌,可能是由被刻蚀掉的POE-g-MAH和冲击时基体微观破坏共同组成.在脆性断裂的截面上则无明显的网状形貌.PA6/POE-g-MAH共混体系的断面及截面形貌变化与其脆韧转变的逾渗行为完全对应.DSC分析认为POE-g-MAH提高POE-g-MAH/PA6共混物的缺口冲击韧性与其对PA6晶体结构的改变没有关系.     

母料中弹性体不同配比对HDPE/E-TMB共混物热性能及结晶形态的影响

用自制增韧母料(E-TM B)与HDPE热机械共混制得HDPE/E-TM B共混物。通过DSC分析仪和偏光显微镜研究了共混物的熔融、结晶行为和结晶形态,并将其结晶形态与简单共混对照样加以对比研究。结果表明,和纯HDPE相比,共混物的熔点降低、结晶温度升高,成核速率和结晶速率增大;随母料中乙丙弹性体含量的增加,共混物的熔点逐渐降低、结晶温度逐渐升高,结晶细化程度增大、数目增多;共混物的结晶比原料HDPE及简单共混对照样都显著细化。     

SMA含量对PA6/ABS共混体系结构和韧-脆转变温度的影响

研究了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)含量(0～4.5phr)对PA6/ABS(75/25)共混体系结构和冲击断裂的影响。结果表明,PA6/ABS共混体系的橡胶相粒径和基体层厚度都随着SMA含量的增加而减小。PA6/ABS共混体系冲击断裂存在脆韧转变现象,其脆韧转变温度随SMA含量的增加先减小后增加,并且在对应SMA含量为0.9phr和1.5phr时取得极小值。同时,脆韧转变温度随着基体层厚度的增加而逐渐升高,即升高温度与降低基体层厚度都可以获得脆-韧转变。     

Thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE/ionomer blends

The thermal behavior, tensile and tear strength of blends containing high density polyethylene (HDPE) and a sodium neutralized ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer ionomer have been studied. It was found that each HDPE/ionomer blend had two well-separated melting peaks and two crystallization peaks, which indicates that the components of such a blend are immiscible with each other. The tensile behavior of the ionomer showed severe strainhardening just above the yield point, which leads to a lower elongation at break and a higher tensile strength than HDPE, possibly due to a network-like structure formation of ionic aggregates. The tensile properties of HDPE/ionomer blends were generally inferior to those of the pure components. Furthermore, the tensile properties exhibited severe negative deviation from linear additivity of properties, which is characteristic of incompatible blends. The negative deviation was also observed for tear strength of HDPE/ionomer blends. Observation of tear fracture surfaces of the blends showed fibrillar structure when ionomer content was relatively low. However, for the blends of higher ionomer composition much less fibrillation on the fracture surface was observed, which yields a higher value of tear energy. This is attributed to a network-like structure of the ionomer continuous phase of the blends.     

HDPE的紫外辐照官能化研究

通过FT-IR、凝胶分析、水接触角和力学性能测定,研究了空气中不同环境温度下紫外辐照官能化HDPE的结构变化、亲水性和紫外辐照官能化HDPE对HDPE／PVA共混体系的增容作用。在相同的紫外辐照时间下,随环境温度提高,引入HDPE分子链的C=O和C--O含氧基团的含量增加,其HDPE的亲水性变好,但它的凝胶含量也有所增加。与HDPE／PVA体系相比,经过紫外辐照官能化HDPE增容的HDPE／PVA体系的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度均得到提高。     

挤出共混中的高剪切应力对HDPE/滑石粉共混材料力学性能的影响

采用在材料熔融挤出共混过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力对HDPE和HDPE/滑石粉材料的熔体流动速率、界面结合状况及力学性能的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进超细滑石粉颗粒聚集体的分散、引发HDPE分子链的断链反应、引起共混材料界面结合力的加强和拉伸强度及弯曲模量的明显增大;一定量的极性烯类单体的加入有利于所形成的HDPE大分子自由基与极性烯类单体的接枝(嵌段)反应和原位增粘作用,能明显改善HDPE/滑石粉共混材料的力学性能。     

Effect of high density polyethylene addition and testing temperature on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer binary blends

High density polyethylene (HDPE) was added to the polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) binary blend, and the effect of testing temperatures on the modulus of elasticity, impact behavior and corresponding fracture morphology was analyzed. Modulus of elasticity generally decreased as the EPDM content increased regardless of the testing temperatures. However, it was found that the modulus of elasticity of PP/EPDM/HDPE ternary blend increased compared to PP/EPDM binary blend when tested at –30 and –60 °C. Notched Izod impact strength changed depending on the testing temperatures, however, there was not much difference between binary and ternary blends up to 20 wt% EPDM. However, at more than 30 wt% EPDM content, ternary blends showed higher impact strength compared to binary blends. Especially, at –30 °C, brittle-ductile transition was observed between 20 and 30 wt% EPDM. Subsurface morphology was also analyzed, and the relationship between the impact strength and the stress whitening zone was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation of impact fractured surfaces was conducted, and overall morphology was analyzed with respect to HDPE addition and testing temperature change.     

Effect of elastomer interfacial agents on tensile and impact properties of CaCO3 filled HDPE

This work focuses on the modification of the tensile yield strength of CaCO3 filled HDPE brought about by the incorporation of SEBS elastomers. Two types of SEBS elastomers were used, grafted and ungrafted with maleic anhydride functions. The grafted elastomer encapsulates the filler particles in-situ and creates an adhesive interphase. The tensile yield stress was increased with increasing content of grafted elastomer until a maximum value. The influence of the interfacial area and the volume fraction of filler were studied. It was shown that the relative increase in tensile yield stress when increasing amount of interfacial agent was added, both depends on the volume of filler and the interfacial area.     

HIPS/HDPE共混物的动态黏弹行为与相形态

采用动态流变测试和扫描电子显微镜技术,考察高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物的动态黏弹行为与相形态,对比1%(质量分数,下同)的纳米和微米CaCO_3对HIPS/HDPE(30/70)不相容共混物的增容效果。结果表明:当HDPE小于30%时,HIPS/HDPE共混物在低频区的复数黏度和储存模量均显示出明显的正偏差,而当HDPE大于30%时,则呈现负偏差;前者与HDPE和PB粒子间的相互作用相关,而后者归因于HDPE基体与PS分散相之间较弱的界面相互作用。当HIPS为基体时,HDPE分散相粒子呈现较宽的尺寸分布;而当HDPE为基体时,PS分散相呈现双模尺寸分布,对应于两种不同类型的PS分散相粒子的存在。1%的纳米CaCO_3对HIPS/HDPE(30/70)不相容共混体系起到了一定的增容效果,CaCO_3纳米粒子主要位于HIPS/HDPE相界面以及HDPE连续相内;而微米CaCO_3对该共混体系仅起到了增黏而非增容作用,CaCO_3微米粒子仅位于HDPE连续相内。     

高密度聚乙烯/顺丁橡胶共混物的耐环境应力开裂性的研究

用定应变方法和定拉力方法研究了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)及其共混物的耐环境应力开裂性(ESCR)。结果表明,丁基橡胶(IIR)和顺丁橡胶(BR)都可以提高HDPE的ESCR。对HDPE/橡胶二元共混物,BR的效果不如IIR。在改性剂DX-2或DX-3存在下,HDPE/BR共混体系的ESCR有大幅度提高,三元共混物在初始应力强度因子K_0为0.2MPam~1/2时,断裂时间可达到HDPE断裂时间的4倍左右,断面形貌的扫描电镜照片呈网孔状,表明断裂过程具有韧性特点。