生物活性肽研究进展

氨基酸彼此以酰胺键相连而形成的化合物称作肽,并有寡肽和多肽之分,前者一般含10个以下的氨基酸残基,后者含10-50个氨基酸残基。由于肽的相对分子量对于蛋白质小而且表现为一定的生物活性如降血压、提高免疫、抗癌等,故而称为生物活性肽。伴随分子生物学、生物化学技术的飞速发展,人们对生物活性肽的认识和利用水平得到不断的提高。文中从生物活性肽的来源、制备、功能及应用等方面,对生物活性肽的研究作了一个比较全面的综述。     

酵母多肽的研究进展

酵母细胞是丰富的蛋白质来源，酵母蛋白水解物作为生物活性肽在组织水平上引起机体的生物学效应。文章综述总结了酵母多肽的生产方法、生物活性、作用机制及应用领域，将有助于促进酵母多肽的研究和商业化应用。     

超高压技术在蛋白质食品加工中的应用

超高压技术是目前国际上最热门的食品加工技术之一,超高压处理在食品蛋白加工中可通过改变蛋白的结构,从而改变溶解性、凝胶性、乳化性、起泡性等诸多加工特性;还可以改变蛋白质的酶解特性从而产生多种活性肽。文中对超高压技术在蛋白质改性方面的研究进行了综述,并对超高压技术在改性蛋白的应用前景进行了讨论。     

多肽生物活性与其结构的关系

多肽的生物活性区别于蛋白质又不同于游离氨基酸,具有其独特的生理功能。多肽的分子量、氨基酸序列、氨基酸组成以及构象等结构的不同决定了其生物活性的千差万别。文中综述了几种多肽的生物活性与其结构之间的相互关系,这几种肽包括抗菌肽、抗氧化活性肽、降血压肽、矿质元素结合肽等多肽,同时对多肽生物活性与结构的研究方向以及多肽的研发应用提出展望。     

肽组学分析技术及其在食品研究中的应用进展

肽组学作为蛋白质组学的一门衍生科学,重点关注样品中多肽的组成及变化规律,是当前食源性多肽分析研究的热点之一。近年来,肽组学分析技术进展迅速,在食源性活性多肽的制备分析、纯化鉴定、质量控制等方面发挥了重要作用,并从分子层面上为揭示食源性蛋白质酶解调控机制、多肽释放特性等提供了重要的理论与技术支持。该研究主要综述了肽组学分析技术在样品前处理、色谱分离、质谱检测、结构鉴定以及生物活性评价等方面的研究进展,并对其在食源性多肽序列分析、引导制备、质量控制、活性预测和挖掘等方面的应用作了简要介绍,以期为肽组学分析技术的发展及其在食品研究中的进一步应用提供研究方向和理论参考。未来,基于多肽组学研究食品中活性肽的释放机制及作用机理将为多肽产业的进一步发展起到重要推动作用。     

禽蛋源生物活性肽的研究进展

禽蛋蛋白质具有多种功能和生物活性,是制备生物活性肽的潜在前体物质。众多研究已证实禽蛋源多肽是一类很有前景的保健食品和功能性食品成分,除含传统的营养价值之外,还因其众多的生物活性而广受青睐,如抗氧化、降血压、抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗炎、金属离子结合与转运、免疫调节、改善骨骼健康等。本文综述了禽蛋源生物活性肽的制备、鉴定、功能活性及胃肠道消化吸收与转运方面的研究进展,并对后续的研究趋势和实际应用过程中所面临的问题进行了展望,以期为禽蛋源生物活性肽后续的深入研究与应用开发提供一定的参考。     

酶法水解谷朊生产生物活性肽

生物酶法改性食品蛋白是提高蛋白功能的重要途径。采用酶法水解谷朊制备生物活性肽 ,对蛋白酶的选择、酶水解工艺参数、多肽苦味的去除及酶解后产品性能进行了系统研究 ,并提出可行性生产工艺路线。     

生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、鉴定以及构效关系研究进展

生物活性肽来源广泛,易消化利用,安全性高,且因具有降胆固醇、降血压、抗菌、抗氧化等众多生物活性而成为食品领域研究的热点。然而生物活性肽在食品中的应用受其结构和功能的影响显著,其结构与功能又与生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化、结构鉴定密不可分。本文分别介绍了生物活性肽的制备方法、分离纯化方法、结构鉴定方法,并阐述了各种方法的原理、优缺点以及适用对象,分析了生物活性肽的构效关系和未来发展方向,以期为筛选安全有效的多肽提供新的研究思路,并为多肽的应用提供理论依据。     

玉米多肽制备方法及其功能活性研究进展

玉米蛋白粉是玉米湿磨生产淀粉中的主要副产品,其低水溶性、必需氨基酸缺陷等因素限制了其在食品工业中的应用。水解玉米蛋白粉制备玉米多肽是其高附加值利用方式之一,可以极大提高玉米蛋白粉的功能性和生物活性。本文重点介绍了玉米多肽的主要制备方法以及玉米多肽在抗氧化、抗血糖、抗高血压、醒酒护肝等方面的生物学功能,归纳总结了现有研究存在的问题及未来的发展前景,对食品企业高效利用玉米蛋白粉开发生物活性肽、提升行业经济效益具有重要意义。     

生物活性肽的功能特性

针对生物活性肽的功能特性,介绍了神经肽、抗高血压肽、抗血栓肽、抗癌多肽和抗菌多肽等生理活性肽,抗氧化肽、表面活性肽和味肽等食品感观营养肽,叙述了生物活性肽的制备途径,并对我国活性肽研究进展作了介绍.     

Functional Significance of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Milk Proteins

Bioactive peptides can be defined as protein fragments with potential biological activities. Milk proteins are precursors of many different biologically active peptides. Bioactive peptides from milk proteins are considered potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the body. They mediate physiological functions in cardiovascular, nervous, gastro intestinal and immune systems. The functional significance of bioactivities depends on peptide fragment. Bioactive peptides encrypted in major milk proteins are latent within the sequence of the parent protein molecule. They can be liberated by (i) gastro intestinal digestion of milk, (ii) fermentation of milk with proteolytic starter cultures, and (iii) hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. In relation to their mode of action, bioactive peptides may reach target sites at the luminal side of intestinal tract, or after absorption, in peripheral organs. The production, functionalities, and mode of action of bioactive milk peptides as well as latest peptide products and ingredients are reviewed.     

Bioactive peptides in dairy products: synthesis and interaction with proteolytic enzymes

Food proteins are sources of peptides with various biological activities, such as opioids, mineral carriers, antihypertensives, immuno-stimulants, antithrombotics and antigastrics. These bioactive peptides are generated in vivo, in vitro and during food processing. Bioactive peptides are largely found in milk, fermented milks and cheeses. Proteolytic enzymes naturally occurring in milk, and enzymes from lactic acid bacteria or from exogenous sources contribute to the generation of bioactive peptides. Dairy processing conditions such as cheese ripening are also relevant. Once produced, bioactive peptides play a significant role in cheesemaking by selectively inhibiting proteolytic enzymes of lactic acid bacteria and subsequently affecting cheese quality. Sensitivity to inhibition is highly specific: enzymes of the same biochemical class and strains of the same species differ. Bioactive peptides also inhibit dairy spoilage enzymes.     

Whey as a source of peptides with remarkable biological activities

The dairy industry generates increased amounts of whey from both cheese and casein production facilities. Whey presents an elevated content of lactose and proteins, which are associated with its high biological oxygen demand and decomposing potential. Despite its potential as pollutant, whey has been considered as a dairy by-product due to its nutritional, functional and bioactive properties. The use of enzyme technology may be an interesting strategy to convert whey into added-value products. The hydrolysis of whey proteins can generate bioactive peptides, which are described to perform physiological effects in vivo, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. Bioactive peptides derived from whey proteins have been also associated with immunomodulatory, anticancer, opioid and hypocholesterolemic activities. This review presents a discussion on the main biological activities of peptides derived from whey proteins.     

Biologically active peptides: Processes for their generation,purification and identification and applications as natural additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries

Recent technological advances have created great interest in the use of biologically active peptides. Bioactive peptides can be defined as specific portions of proteins with 2 to 20 amino acids that have desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antithrombotic, anti-adipogenic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific characteristics, including low toxicity and high specificity, make these molecules of particular interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on the production of bioactive peptides, with special emphasis on fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. The combination of different technologies and the use of auxiliary processes are also addressed. A survey of isolation, purification and peptide characterization methods was conducted to identify the major techniques used to determine the structures of bioactive peptides. Finally, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, anti-adipogenic activities and probiotic-bacterial growth-promoting aspects of various peptides are discussed.     

A Comprehensive Review of Corn Protein‐derived Bioactive Peptides: Production,Characterization, Bioactivities,and Transport Pathways

Bioactive peptides are specific peptide fragments that positively exert various functional and biological activities and ultimately influence health. Corn protein are potential precursor proteins for bioactive peptides. This review encompasses the studies reported to date on the production, isolation, purification, and characterization technologies of bioactive corn peptides (CPs), with particular attention being devoted to these peptides’ different health effects, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, alcohol‐metabolism‐facilitating, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activities. The review also describes studies examining the potential mechanisms believed to be involved in these bioactivities, and the possible absorption and transport pathways of CPs are summarized.     

海洋生物活性肽生物学和功能特性的研究进展

海洋生物活性肽具有抗氧化、抗高血压和抗动脉粥样硬化等生物学特性。海洋来源的抗氧化肽分子质量一般低于3 kDa,多数为胃蛋白酶水解产生。海洋来源的抗高血压肽分子质量一般低于1.5 kDa,具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性。小球藻中提取的多肽可抑制内皮细胞选择素的产生,具有抗动脉粥样硬化活性。唇贻贝中性蛋白酶水解多肽可促进血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1、成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子增殖,具有皮肤伤口修复功能。在鱼类副产物及其水解蛋白中提取的多肽,水解度越高溶解性越高,起泡和乳化性能良好。本文旨在综述从不同海洋来源分离的生物活性肽的信息,重点介绍其不同的生物活性和功能特性,以及不同的工业应用,以期推动海洋生物活性肽功能产品开发,并为其生物学和功能特性的深入研究提供理论参考。     

海洋生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化及构效关系研究进展

海洋生物活性肽是一类结构多样且具有多种功能和活性的肽类,其制备、分离纯化和生物活性受到了广泛关注。已有不少相关研究证明海洋生物活性肽是一类很具开发潜力的新型药物来源。然而,整合海洋生物活性肽制备技术和生物应用的研究还较缺乏,为此本文综述了近年来海洋生物活性肽制备、分离纯化的方法,并阐述了其原理、优缺点、适用对象和未来发展趋势,介绍了海洋生物活性肽的抗氧化、抗糖尿病、降血压、抗菌、抗癌等功能活性,并深入探讨了其构效关系和未来发展方向,以便为开发新型海洋药物提供有力理论依据。     

火腿中生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽是短氨基酸序列,从母体蛋白中释放后可发挥不同的生理作用,包括抗氧化、抗高血压、抗菌和其他生物活性。火腿在长期发酵过程中由于组织内源性酶和微生物的作用,使蛋白质降解产生许多小分子肽类物质,许多研究表明这些肽类物质具有生物活性。该文对火腿中生物活性肽的产生机制、功能特性、制备方法、分离纯化的研究进展进行综述,为生物活性肽进一步的开发与利用提供参考依据。     

植物源活性肽的研究进展及其吸收机制

该文介绍了植物源活性肽的研究与应用以及肽的吸收机制,主要包括大豆、水稻、玉米、菜籽、花生等生物活性肽,其分别具有降血压、抗氧化、免疫调节、抗艾滋病、抗肿瘤等不同的生物活性.肽的吸收与氨基酸具有不同的吸收机制与特点.