木质素复合细菌纤维素材料的制备及其吸油性能

为制备低成本且绿色环保的新型吸油材料,以细菌纤维素(BC)为基质,脱碱木质素(DL)为疏水改性剂,通过低温浸渍法制备了木质素复合细菌纤维素材料(BC-DL);考察了原料预处理、反应时间、温度以及物料比等对BC-DL疏水及吸油性能的影响.利用FTIR、XPS、SEM、BET、接触角测量仪对材料的化学结构及微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,DL改性后BC的比表面积由未改性BC的33.15 m2/g提升至71.09 m2/g,水接触角由未改性BC的19.5°增大到116.8°.BC-DL对花生油、柴油、真空泵废油的饱和吸附量分别为34.8、33.7、34.6 g/g;在经过7次循环后,饱和吸附量保留在19.067、18.355和18.820 g/g,BC-DL对3种油品均有良好的吸附性能和循环利用性.     

疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能,首先采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性,得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明,改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料（H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体PPU的质量分数）。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能,H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比,H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°,较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷五种油品进行油水分离实验,结果表明,H-PSP-PUF-10对不同油品的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g,而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后,H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g,具有良好的循环利用性。     

粗甘油生物基聚氨酯材料的制备及吸附性能研究

以生物质基粗甘油为主要原料,采用一锅法合成粗甘油基多元醇,进一步发泡制备了聚氨酯泡沫材料。在此基础上,利用甲基三氯硅烷对泡沫材料进行疏水改性,制备出改性聚氨酯吸油材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和热重分析对改性前后泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性和接触角进行表征,测试了改性聚氨酯吸油材料吸油性能。结果表明：经疏水改性后在泡沫表面合成了聚硅氧烷,水接触角由130°增大至140°,提高了吸油材料疏水性能。改性聚氨酯吸油材料对乙醇、甲醇、氯仿等8种有机物的吸附量范围为16.7～45.2 g/g。经循环使用50次后,吸油材料对柴油和大豆油的吸附量分别为最高吸附量的95.8%和97.6%,表现出优异的吸油性能。     

疏水花生壳/聚氨酯复合泡沫的制备与油水分离性能

为提高聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的疏水性能，首先，采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对花生壳粉末（PSP）进行改性，得到疏水改性花生壳粉末（H-PSP）。水接触角测试结果表明，改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后，采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料[H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体（PPU）质量的百分数]。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明，H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能，H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%（标记为H-PSP-PUF-10）。与PUF相比，H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°，较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷进行油水分离实验，结果表明，H-PSP-PUF-10对石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷的吸油倍率在7～9 g/g，而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后，H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5～8.0 g/g，具有良好的循环利用性。     

甘蔗渣纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

通过对甘蔗渣进行碱/酸处理提取甘蔗渣纤维素,采用氢氧化钠/脲溶液将纤维素溶解,并通过在水中再生、冷冻干燥及在不同温度下碳化,制备具有优异疏水吸油性能的甘蔗渣纤维素基碳气凝胶。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、BET法比表面积、水接触角（WCA）等测试方法对制备的甘蔗渣纤维素基碳气凝胶进行分析表征,并进行不同油类和有机溶剂的吸附、解吸实验。结果表明,制备的甘蔗渣纤维素基碳气凝胶拥有不规则的片-孔式网络状三维结构,具有轻质、高疏水、高比表面积等特性。高温碳化不仅可以改善碳气凝胶的轻质抗压性能、比表面积和孔径,还可以增强其疏水性及吸附性能。当碳化温度为800 ℃时,制备的CA-2-800表现出较好的轻质性（密度为33.4 mg/cm³）、高疏水性（水接触角为136°）和高比表面积（468.24 m²/g）。CA-2-800对柴油、汽油、泵油、正己烷、甲苯、三氯甲烷具有较好的吸附能力（20.2~66.3 g/g）。吸附动力学研究表明,CA-2-800在30 s内对汽油、柴油均能达到吸附平衡,且对三氯甲烷进行10次吸附-解吸循环吸附实验仍保留97%的吸附性能。     

聚丙烯纤维基复合气凝胶的制备及其在吸油领域的应用

为开发具有高吸油率的吸油材料，以聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇和甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTEOS）为原料，通过冷冻干燥和气相化学沉积方法（CVD）制备了具有疏水性的聚丙烯纤维基复合气凝胶吸油材料，并对复合气凝胶的密度、孔隙率、形貌结构、接触角及原油的吸附量进行测试。结果表明：制备的复合气凝胶具有低密度（0.004～0.019 g/cm3）和高孔隙度（98.10%～99.55%）的特点。复合气凝胶呈现连续分布的三维网络结构，表现出良好的疏水亲油性，与水接触角最高可达136.1°，最佳吸油量达到86.2 g/g。聚丙烯纤维基气凝胶是一种具有潜力的高效吸油材料，为解决原油泄漏提供新思路。     

3D打印超拉伸凝胶电解质及其在柔性铝空气电池中的应用

采用细菌纤维素（BC）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原料，通过3D打印与冻融循环法制备超拉伸凝胶电解质。采用SEM、接触角测量、XRD、EIS和拉伸测试对凝胶电解质物理特性、电化学性能及拉伸性能进行表征。实验结果表明，当m(BC)∶m(PVA)=0.6∶1时，基于3D打印制备的凝胶电解质具有稳定的三维网络结构、优异的拉伸性能和电化学性能，拉伸强度可达0.9 MPa、断裂伸长率可达961%、离子电导率为1.10×10-1 S/cm。将该凝胶电解质应用于柔性铝空气电池，功率密度可达21 mW/cm2，电流密度为20 mA/cm2时，铝阳极比容量为1124 mA?h/g，电池可稳定放电90 min。     

天然聚多糖对密胺海绵的疏水改性及其吸油性能研究

海上石油污染已成为海洋污染的核心问题,疏水亲油材料是高效的吸油材料之一。本研究以密胺海绵为基体,通过负压浸渍法,利用不同类型的天然聚多糖进行改性,以获得疏水亲油的吸油材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜成像、接触角分析对改性前后的海绵进行表征,研究了不同类型的多聚糖以及不同浸渍量对海绵吸油性能的影响。结果表明,密胺海绵经浓度为1%的中分子量壳聚糖改性后疏水亲油性能最好,其水接触角为151.30°,柴油吸附量为45.49 g/g。此类改性方法效果理想,且具备环境友好及操作简便等优点。     

改性三聚氰胺海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

利用正辛基三氯硅烷对三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性得到吸油材料。考察不同溶剂、硅烷溶液浓度和浸渍时间对于样品性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试对改性前后样品微观形态、结构组成及水湿润性进行表征。重点研究材料的吸油性能,结果表明,对原油、润滑油、大豆油和柴油的吸附倍率可达74⁹5 g/g,可用准一级吸附模型描述材料对于4种油品的吸附动力学过程;样品在重复使用、油水分离和动态吸油测试中表现优异。改性三聚氰胺海绵制备简单、操作方便,是一种有潜力的吸油材料。     

改性三聚氰胺海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

利用正辛基三氯硅烷对三聚氰胺海绵疏水改性得到吸油材料。考察不同溶剂、硅烷溶液浓度和浸渍时间对于样品性能的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和接触角测试对改性前后样品微观形态、结构组成及水湿润性进行表征。重点研究材料的吸油性能,结果表明,对原油、润滑油、大豆油和柴油的吸附倍率可达74~95 g/g,可用准一级吸附模型描述材料对于4种油品的吸附动力学过程;样品在重复使用、油水分离和动态吸油测试中表现优异。改性三聚氰胺海绵制备简单、操作方便,是一种有潜力的吸油材料。     

Preparation and characterization of quaternary bacterial cellulose composites for antimicrobial oil-absorbing materials

The treatment of various types of oily wastewater is paramount for environmental protection. Bacterial cellulose (BC) stands out as a highly promising material for oil/water separation, owing to its exceptional mechanical properties and three-dimensional porous structures. However, excessive hydroxyl groups on BC make it highly hydrophilic, reducing oil absorption and promoting bacterial growth, affecting its stability. To address these challenges, we developed a straightforward in situ polymerization method for the preparation of BC-DMC composites. The innovation lies in the concurrent enhancement of BC's hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties only through the addition of 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DMC), considerably simplifying the synthesis of materials possessing oil-absorbing and antimicrobial properties. Morphological and structural characterization results confirmed the successful combination of DMC onto BC while maintaining its porous structure. After process parameter optimization, the BC-DMC composites exhibited a remarkable increase in contact angle (117.7° compared with pure BC's 19.5°). It also demonstrated excellent oil absorption performance, with maximum capacities exceeding 30 g/g for different oils, maintaining values above 20 g/g even after eight cycles. In addition, the BC-DMC composites exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with rates of 82.4% against Escherichia coli and 97.5% against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial mechanism of the BC-DMC composites was also discussed. Our novel BC-DMC composites provides excellent oil absorption and antibacterial properties, making it highly applicable in the field of oily wastewater treatment and serving as a valuable reference for other researchers.     

Preparation of cellulose triacetate aerogel via non-solvent impacted thermally induced phase separation for oil absorption

The oil spill has caused significant attention on a global scale due to its damage to the environment and the economy. The development of economically and ecologically friendly oil sorbent materials has important meaning for the oil spill concern. In this work, we explored the non-solvent impacted thermally induced phase separation (NITIPS) method to prepare the cellulose triacetate aerogel (CA) with low density (6.4–40.5 mg/cm³), high porosity (96.9–99.5%), large water contact angle (>129°) and high specific surface area (193–573 m²/g) as the oil sorbent material. The oil absorption capacity of CA with vegetable oil and vacuum pump oil reached 80.8 g/g and 38.9 g/g, respectively, consistent with Fick's law of diffusion. Moreover, the NITIPS method provided simpler process and controlled the shape of CA compared with the traditional thermally induced phase separation method. This study proved that the CA prepared by NITIPS methods played an important role as a potential oil absorption solids in the field of oil spill and organic chemical leakage.     

AP的结构纳米化及其疏水性能改性

以高氯酸铵(AP)和碳化细菌纤维素(CBC)为原料,并以聚甲基氢基硅氧烷(PMHS)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为表面改性剂,采用溶液分散-冷冻干燥法制备疏水AP/CBC纳米结构材料。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、恒温恒湿箱、激光粒度分析仪、接触角测试仪等分别表征了AP/CBC纳米结构材料的微观形貌、分子结构、吸湿性能。结果表明,与纯AP相比,AP/CBC纳米结构材料的形貌变化较大,AP均匀分布在三维网络孔洞中,并且改性后的AP/CBC纳米结构材料表面被改性剂均匀包覆,这有助于疏水表面的形成。经过PMHS、FAS、MTES改性后的AP/CBC纳米结构材料的接触角分别为(109±2)°、(56±2)°、(55±2)°,与纯AP相比有很大的提高。经过改性处理的AP/CBC纳米结构材料吸湿性均小于纯AP,且经过PMHS改性的AP/CBC纳米结构材料的吸湿性最低,仅为0.31%。     

A Novel Route to Modify the Interface of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite via Bacterial Cellulose

A simple and novel method to modify the surface of glass material with Acetobacter xylinum bacteria to deposit bacterial cellulose (BC) around glass material during the process of fermentation was described. The modified glass material with more hydrophobic and rougher surface was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XPS, peeling experiments, and water/air contact angle. It was found that heat treatment at 140 ～ 150°C was able to improve the interaction between BC and glass material owing to the increase in chemical bonds between them. The biological modified glass fibers were compounded with epoxy resin. The influence of incubation time and high temperature on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between glass fibers and epoxy resin was identified by Microbond Test. The strongest IFSS could be obtained with incubation time of 1 hour and temperature of 140°C, which then offers a biological approach to improve the interface of silicates materials and resin matrix.     

Effect of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of konjac glucomannan superabsorbent

In this article, four kinds of konjac glucomannan based superabsorbent polymers (KSAPs) with different aggregate sizes were obtained by sieving the KSAP powders manually. They were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and optical contact angle (OCA), and the effects of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of KSAP were studied in detail. The results show that the coarse KSAP particles were aggregated by many microspheres, while the fine particles were well dispersed with 50–150 µm particle size. OCA dynamic images showed the enhanced hydrophilicity for the finer particles. The liquid absorption measurements demonstrated that water and physiological saline absorption velocity of KSAP increased for the finer particles, while their ultimate water holding capacity decreased accordingly. The liquid absorption capacity of the finest sample (75 µm) could reach its maximum value (332.5 ± 5.6 g/g) in 0.5 min, while the coarsest sample (850 µm) reached the maximum value (532.5 ± 1.2 g/g) in 16 min. The reason for this phenomenon was discussed, and a new model was proposed to explain it. We believe that the results of this article would be meaningful in application of KSAP as superabsorbent materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45416.     

Novel nanoporous membranes from regenerated bacterial cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) in an NaOH/urea aqueous solution was used as a substrate material for thefabrication of a novel regenerated cellulose membrane. The dissolution of BC involved swelling BC in a 4 wt % NaOH/3 wt % urea solution followed by a freeze–thaw process. The BC solution was cast onto a Teflon plate, coagulated in a 5 wt % CaCl₂ aqueous solution, and then treated with a 1 wt % HCl solution. Supercritical carbon dioxide drying was then applied to the formation of a nanoporous structure. The physical properties and morphology of the regenerated bacterial cellulose (RBC) films were characterized. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and water absorption of the RBC membranes were 4.32 MPa, 35.20%, and 49.67%, respectively. The average pore size of the RBC membrane was 1.26 nm with a 17.57 m²/g surface area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Bacterial cellulose-laponite clay nanocomposites

A novel material comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) and Laponite clay with different inorganic-organic ratios (m/m) was prepared by the contact of never-dried membranes of BC with a previous dispersion of clay particles in water. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) data of composite materials revealed an effective adhesion of clay over the surface of BC membrane; inorganic particles also penetrate into the polymer bulk, with a significant change of the surface topography even at 5% of clay loading. As a consequence, the mechanical properties are deeply affected by the presence of clay, increasing the values of the Young modulus and the tensile strength. However the maximum strain is decreased when the clay content is increased in the composite in comparison to pristine BC. The main weight loss step of the composites is shifted towards higher temperatures compared to BC, indicating that the clay particles slightly protect the polymer from thermal and oxidative decomposition.     

超亲水天然多酚改性膜的制备及其油水分离性能

为研发绿色环保、制备工艺简单的油水分离材料，以单宁酸(TA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)为改性剂，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜为基底，通过简单浸渍法，制备了超亲水复合膜(TAPE膜)。采用SEM、AFM、FTIR、XPS和接触角测定仪对TAPE膜进行了表征和分析，并考察了TAPE膜的油水分离性能、耐磨性能和稳定性。结果表明，TAPE膜具有多孔微纳米粗糙结构，当TA含量为蒸馏水质量的1.75%时，该膜的水接触角和水下油接触角分别为0°和156°，表现出超亲水性和水下超疏油性。在0.09 MPa工作压力下，TAPE膜分离水包油乳液的膜通量为1146.4 L/(m²·h)，是原始PVDF膜的30倍，该膜对油水混合液和水包油乳液的分离效率均可达99.9%。此外，TAPE膜具有良好的稳定性，膜表面经砂纸(320目)磨损(100 g载重)25次后水接触角仍高达152°。     

Ultralight nanocomposite aerogels with interpenetrating network structure of bacterial cellulose for oil absorption

Towards the development of novel platforms for oil absorption and environmental remediation, bacterial cellulose aerogels (BCA), a lightweight and highly porous material, were modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carboxylic carbon nanotubes (CCNT), respectively, at both 5 and 10 wt % loading. The resulting nanocomposite materials, termed BCA/CNT and BCA/CCNT, demonstrated improved oil absorption property when tested against liquid paraffin (glycerol), vacuum oil, plant oil, and propanetriol. After a single immersion lasting about 4–119 seconds, BCA/CNT 10% absorbed an average of 120.23 (standard deviation: 1.145) g·g⁻¹ of propanetriol. While BCA is known to be fragile, but no destruction was observed before and after oil absorption. The difference between CNT and CCNT is carboxylation, which could reduce hydrophilicity. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, contact angle test, and mechanical test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48000.