医务社工探访在缓解住院患者心理情绪压力中的运用

目的：讨论医务社工探访在缓解住院患者心理情绪压力中的作用和运用。 方法：通过对医院部分住院患者进行探访，掌握患者的心理情绪状况，分析其原因，运用心理学技巧进行适当的干预，并评价其干预效果。 结果：医务社工探访在干预住院患者心理情绪压力方面具有明显效果，住院患者对于医务社工探访存在潜在需求。 结论：应由专业人员运用专业手法对住院患者进行适时的干预，缓解其心理情绪压力；医务社工探访对于缓解住院患者心理情绪压力具有重要意义。     

医务社工在病房探访服务中的探索

基于某三甲医院社工在病房探访服务中的实践经验,实例分析社工在需求评估、情绪疏导、资源链接、转介与反馈、促进病友互助中的作用,总结医务社工在病房探访中的专业优势与独特意义,以期对其他医院社会工作服务的开展有所借鉴。     

论医院医务社工在医疗纠纷中的职责

目的：医疗纠纷逐渐增多,使得医患关系日趋紧张,成为社会关注的焦点,有学者提出医院中的医务社工应该介入医疗纠纷,本文就医院医务社工在医疗纠纷中的职责进行探讨。方法通过文献回顾的方法,了解我国医务社工的职责以及在医疗纠纷中发挥的作用。结果在医疗行为进行过程中,医务社工的职责主要体现在,针对医患之间信息不对称的情况,通过调查、谈话等活动,弥补双方的信息不对称,预防可能发生的矛盾冲突,缓解医患关系。结论医务社工在医疗纠纷处理过程中,从专业的角度,运用个案工作、小组工作、社区工作等工作方法,在中间起到的是调和、缓冲的作用。医务社工坚持价值中立原则,理清自身的角色,明确自己的立场,从第三方的角度出发,不介入医学专业问题,使纠纷能得到合理合法的解决。     

我国三级公立医院医务社工配备调查

目的了解我国三级公立医院医务社工配备现状,为医务社工工作开展提供参考。方法依托2018年、2020年“全国改善医疗服务行动第三方评估”项目,对全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）及新疆生产建设兵团共143家三级公立医院医务社工配备情况进行调查。结果2020年设置医务社工岗位的医院数量从2018年的109家增加至119家,提高了7%。有18家样本医院2020年取消了医务社工岗位,西部地区医院取消比例最高（18.6%）。2020年西部地区医院医务社工岗位设置率较2018年下降。与2018年相比,2020年设置专职医务社工岗位的医院数量从70家增加至79家。综合、中医和妇幼医院专职医务社工岗位设置率均较2018年提升,仅其他专科医院出现了下降。结论我国三级公立医院医务社工岗位设置率较高,但专职医务社工较少,且部分医院存在取消医务社工岗位情况。建议加强医务社工人才培养,建立医务社工评价激励机制,加大对医务社工财政支持力度。     

医务社工与志愿者在医院服务管理中作用的评价

目的 通过实证调查采集患者、医务工作者和志愿者对医务社工及志愿者工作的评价,解析医务社工及志愿者在医院服务管理中的作用.方法 采用问卷调查、文献查阅、深度访谈法,调研上海市3家三级甲等公立医院获取第一手资料.结果 调查结果显示,患者、医务人员及医务管理人员高度认可医务社工与志愿者在医院服务管理的作用.结论 医务社工和志愿者在医院服务管理中能发挥独特的作用,可以增进医患沟通,缓解或预防医患矛盾,给患者更多人文关怀和增值服务,一定程度上解决了医患之间的诊治经费问题,提升服务品质,降低人力成本,应当得到全社会更多的重视.     

医务社工应对突发公共卫生事件的作用与策略研究

通过分析医务社会工作者在应对突发公共卫生事件过程中的实践内容，发现我国医务社会工作发挥了协助防疫工作管理、提供社会支持服务、协助社会资源整合、协助社区工作者信息传递和倡导的作用；目前存在缺乏应对突发公共卫生事件的专业医务社会工作者，配套政策制度保障有待完善，医务社会工作参与的社区公共卫生防护体系尚不完善，社会对医务社会工作认知度不高，对医务社会工作支持不足等问题。提出明确医务社会工作应对突发公共卫生事件的价值目标和基本原则，培育具有应对突发公共卫生事件服务能力的专业医务社会工作者、完善相关配套政策，建立医院医务社会工作与社区双向互动的应急体系等建议。     

医务社会工作者进驻医院的模式分析与探索

随着我国卫生事业的不断改革和发展,医务社工逐渐成为医疗团队中不可或缺的组成部分。医务社工为患者提供人文关怀,负责心理问题和社会问题的非临床诊断与治疗,能有效缓解紧张的医患关系,顺应了生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变。在现有医务社工进驻医院的模式下,探讨医务社工进驻医院的新模式,为推动医务社会工作在医院中的发展提供新思路。     

中国台湾地区社会工作者介入医疗纠纷的启示

中国台湾地区医务社会工作专业发展较成熟,协调医患关系和介入医疗纠纷已经包含在医务社工的业务内容之中。文章主要以文献法总结与分析中国台湾地区医务社工介入医疗纠纷问题的发展过程与现状,并以此为基础,探索适用于中国大陆地区医务社工介入医疗纠纷问题的理论与方法。     

医院开展医务社会工作的探讨

目的：通过对上海市某医院开展医务社工情况的了解,解析医务社工存在的问题以及解决的方法。方法采用文献查阅、深度访谈法,调研医务社工的常规工作、现状以及发展情况进行分析和探讨。结果社会工作部在开展各项公益慈善、志愿者服务等工作时都进展顺利,但在介入医患关系的干预时就遇到种种问题,存在许多困境。结论随着医院设立社工部的发展,医务社工在临床实践中必将遭遇前所未有的种种困难,针对困难找到恰当的解决途径,积极应对,必能对医院的发展起到实际作用。     

综合性医院医务社工的探索与实践

以某三甲综合医院医务社工的探索与实践为例,全面解析其提出的"3+X"医务社工工作模式,论述医务社工发展可能面临的挑战与机遇,为探索本土化的综合性医院医务社工发展路径提出可行性的建议。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.