利用多重筛选机制提高山羊乳腺上皮细胞基因打靶的效率

构建了山羊β-酪蛋白基因座基因打靶载体pGBC—GFP—neo,载体包含了正负筛选标记基因neo和tk,以及无启动子的GFP基因。打靶载体线性化后用脂质体包裹转染山羊乳腺上皮细胞,利用G418和GANC进行抗性细胞克隆的药物筛选,共得到抗性细胞克隆51个,对抗性克隆利用激素诱导β-酪蛋白基因启动子指导GFP表达,得到GFP表达阳性细胞克隆17个,对其中4个生长状态良好的克隆PCR检测验证后用于核移植,克隆胚发育率为59．5％,部分发育到桑椹胚或囊胚。     

山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子指导的转基因小鼠乳汁高效表达人凝血因子IX

为探讨应用转基因动物乳腺生物反应器高效表达人凝血因子IX(human clotting factor IX,hFIX)的可行性,构建了包括山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子和外显子l、内含子1、外显子2共约6.7kb片段以及hFIX全长cDNA序列和部分经改造的内含子l的乳腺表达载体,通过转基因技术获得12个原代转基因小鼠(9♀,3♂),整合率为11.2%.经EuSA和western b1ot鉴定8只转基因母鼠乳汁中有hFIX的表达并拥有很高的凝血活性,其中一只的表达量高达52.9mg/L,其凝血活性亦高达279.2%.FISH实验表明不同的转基因小鼠外源基因整合于小鼠的不同染色体上.结果证明所构建的山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子乳腺表达载体能有效指导hFIX基因在小鼠乳腺中高效表达,并能保持hFIX的生物活性.     

CHO/dhfr-细胞定点整合高效表达系统的建立

为了克服随机整合建立高表达细胞株时“位置效应”所带来的不可预知的后果,我们尝试建立基于定点整合的CHO高效表达系统。首先设计一个新的高效筛选载体pMCEscan。该载体含有报告基因(k₂tPA)、扩增基因（dhfr）、重组酶识别序列(FRT)及筛选基因（neo）,且neo基因的表达经过系统的弱化,确保能够对基因组中的整合位点进行大规模的高效筛选。然后利用该载体转染CHO/dhfr^－细胞并进行大规模筛选以获得足够多的阳性克隆,并对阳性克隆进行系统分析,筛选出报告基因表达水平高、单拷贝且扩增效果好的克隆,此克隆被认为筛选载体整合入CHO细胞基因组中转录热点（Hot spot）区域,从而获得了能够实现外源基因在基因组中定点整合和有效表达的CHO/dhfr-细胞系。随后利用位点特异性重组系统（FLP-FRT）将外源基因定点整合到Hot spot区域,以实现外源基因在CHO细胞基因组中的定点整合及高效表达。并利用该细胞系实现了k₂tPA的高表达,表达量达到17.1μg/10⁶cell·24h。该研究致力于CHO细胞基因组中高表达位点的寻找和确认,建立基于定点整合的哺乳动物细胞高效表达系统。     

山羊β—酪蛋白基因启动子指导的转基因小鼠乳汁高效表达人凝血因子Ⅸ

为探讨应用转基因动物乳腺生物反应器高效表达人凝血因子Ⅸ（human clotting factor Ⅸ,hFⅨ)的可行性,构建了包括山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子和外显子1、内含子1、外显孔子2共约6.7kb片段以及hFLX全长cDNA序列和部分经改造的内含子1的乳腺表达载体,通过转基因技术获得12个原代转基因小鼠（9♂,3♀）,整合率为11.2%,经ELISA和Western blot鉴定8只转基因母鼠乳汁中有hFⅨ的表达并拥有很高的凝血活性,其中一只的表达量高达52.9mg/L,其凝血活性亦高达279.2%,FISH实验表明不同的转基因小鼠外源基因整合小鼠的不同染色体上,结果证明所构建的山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子乳腺表达载体能有效指导hFⅨ基因在小鼠乳腺中高效表达,并能保持hFⅨ的生物活性。     

西农萨能奶山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子区的克隆、生物信息学分析及活性研究

根据已发表的β-酪蛋白基因全序列设计合成引物,以西农萨能奶山羊乳腺组织基因组DNA为模板,通过长链PCR扩增β酪蛋白基因组基因5’侧序列。将该序列克隆入pMD18-T载体,并对其进行序列测定。结果克隆得到西农萨能奶山羊β-酪蛋白基因-4 359至＋2 106共6465bp序列。该序列保留β-酪蛋白第一内含子、第一外显子和第二外显子及其信号肽部分。将该序列与已公布的其他山羊β-酪蛋白基因序列进行比较,其同源性为96％-98％。生物信息学分析显示,β-酪蛋白基因启动子区包含有TATA启动子序列和HOXF、Oct-1、AP1、CEBP、STAT、NFKB、GR、ER、PR和ETS等转录因子识别位点。将此6 465bp片段插入荧光素酶报道基因载体pGL3-Basic中,构建重组质粒pGL3／B65,瞬时转染萨能奶山羊原代培养的乳腺上皮细胞48h后检测显示,该假设的启动子区确有启动子功能,对泌乳激素发生反应。本研究为进一步构建有效的乳腺生物反应器载体奠定了基础。     

人生长激素释放因子基因的合成和克隆

本文报道人生长激素释放因子(Leu²⁷,Met⁴⁴)hGRF(1-44)基因的合成和克隆。选用大肠杆菌高效表达所偏爱的简并密码子,用计算机辅助设计合成基因的顺序,用固相亚磷酸酰胺法合成了hGRF的6个寡聚核苷酸片段,长度分别为39至51个桉苷酸,总共141个碱基对。通过酶促连接反应构建完整的hGRF基因,并直接克隆到pUC-19质粒中,克隆的宿主菌为E．Coll JM83。通过抗性筛选、阳性标记筛选、限制酶分析和分子杂交确定阳性克隆株。用M13双脱氧末端终止法对克隆基因序列分析,证实台成和克隆的hGRF基因序列完全正确。     

人gdnf基因的克隆及牛β-酪蛋白基因座定位整合载体的构建

用分子克隆技术构建人gdnf基因打靶牛β-casein基因座的正负筛选打靶载体,用于制备生产人GDNF的牛乳腺生物反应器.打靶载体以牛β-casein基因上游和下游5.7 kb序列为5′和3′同源臂;neo抗性基因为正筛选因子;HSV-tk基因和DsRed2基因为双负筛选因子;人gdnf基因置于5′同源臂下游,SV40 polyA序列插入到人gdnf基因下游作为人gdnf基因转录终止信号.经PCR、限制性内切酶图谱及DNA测序分析鉴定,结果表明已成功地构建了人gdnf基因打靶牛β-casein基因座的正负筛选打靶载体,为研究人gdnf基因在牛β-casein基因座的定点整合及通过体细胞核移植法制备人GDNF牛乳腺生物反应器的研究奠定了基础.     

在变铅青链霉菌基因组中定域克隆外源DNA的置换性载体及通过反选择获得重组体的模式方法

ΦHAU3^R是变铅青链霉菌66中对噬菌体ΦHAU3显示抗性的基因,已从基因组中获得分离。将基因组中邻近于该基因两侧的一个3.5kb和另一个3.8kb的DNA片段分别以其在染色体上的天然取向插入到一个由pIJ101衍生的质粒pIJ653上,构建成pHZ806。然后在pHZ806上对应于pIJ101复制子的区域中插入一个spc/str抗性基因,同时在3.5kb和3.8kb片段之间插入一个潮霉素抗性基因(hyg),衍生出一个新质粒pHZ808。由于pHZ808中不具有完整的pIJ101复制功能区,所以它不能在链霉菌中复制。然而,在该质粒3.5kb和3.8kb片段之间插入的任何DNA片段,在导入到变铅青链霉菌中后都可借助于3.5kb和3.8kb两个片段与内源染色体的同源区域所发生的双交换而稳定地整入到内源染色体的特定区域(3.5kb和3.8kb片段之间),同时置换出染色体上的ΦHAU3-R基因。发生了这种基因置换的重组子菌株会对噬菌体ΦHAU3变得敏感,这种反选择方法可用来浓缩和初选携带定域插入片段的重组子。已利用潮霉素抗性基因(hyg)作为一个模式基因片段阐明了这种载体和这种在染色体上定域克隆外源基因片段的方法学和适用性。同时,用pHZ808作载体克隆另外的基因片段时还有另一个优越性：hyg可作为报告基因一同参与外源基因片段的定域整合,携带插入片段的重组子除了对噬菌体ΦHAU3显示敏感性以外,还对潮霉素显示抗性。     

林可链霉菌中的同源重组

为研究链霉菌中的同源整合频率和机制 ,采用不能在链霉菌中复制的大肠杆菌质粒转化链霉菌StreptomyceslincolnensisB48。质粒pYYE0 4a1上携带的被硫链丝菌素抗性基因灭活的林可霉素生物合成基因与染色体DNA上的同源基因发生重组 ,经过低抗筛选 ,得到两个突变子S .lincolnensisYY1和S .lincolnensisYY2。进一步以硫链丝菌素抗性基因为探针杂交染色体DNASmaⅠ片段 ,S .lincolnensisYY1和S .lincolnensisYY2都得到 1 5kb的阳性条带 ;而以缺失的lacZ基因为探针杂交染色体DNAHindⅢ和SmaⅠ联合酶切片段 ,只有S .lincolnensisYY2得到 4 4kb的阳性条带。Southern杂交结果表明S .lincolnensisYY1是由同源交换或二次重组产生的 ,而S .lincolnensisYY2为同源整合的结果。为验证同源整合子上大肠杆菌复制子和氨苄抗性基因的存在 ,用SphⅠ酶切染色体DNA后连接 ,连接液转化E .coliJM83感受态细胞 ,在氨苄抗性板上得到 2个转化子 ,命名为pSLE1。对…     

Targeting the exogenous htPAm gene on goat somatic cell beta-casein locus for transgenic goat production

Combining gene targeting of animal somatic cells with nuclear transfer technique has provided a powerful method to produce transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactor. The objective of this study is to make an efficient and reproducible gene targeting in goat fetal fibroblasts by inserting the exogenous htPAm cDNA into the beta-casein locus with liposomes or electroporation so that htPAm protein might be produced in gene-targeted goat mammary gland. By gene-targeting technique, the exogenous htPAm gene was inserted to milk goat beta-casein gene sequences. Fetal fibroblasts were isolated from Day 35 fetuses of Guanzhong milk goats, and transfected with linear gene-targeting vector pGBC4htPAm using Lipefectamin-2000 and electoporation, respectively. Forty-eight gene-targeted cell colonies with homologous recombination were obtained, and three cell colonies were verified by DNA sequence analysis within the homologous recombination region. Using gene-targeted cell lines as donor cells for nuclear transfer, a total of 600 reconstructed embryos had been obtained, and 146 developed cloned embryos were transferred to 16 recipient goats, and finally three goats showed pregnancy at Day 90.     

Myostatin基因打靶载体的构建及猪胎儿成纤维细胞Myostatin基因的敲除

目的:用缺口修复等技术构建Myostatin(肌肉生长抑制素,MSTN)基因打靶载体,并对大白猪胎儿成纤维体细胞进行转染,获得基因敲除细胞。方法与结果:首先构建用于MSTN基因同源长臂(LA)的抓捕载体,然后在大肠杆菌内利用Red同源重组系统介导的缺口修复,从含大白猪MSTN基因座的细菌人工染色体上亚克隆9.9 kb的LA到抓捕载体上,经过部分序列测定,同源性为100%;通过PCR获得1.4 kb的同源短臂(SA);将LA和SA连入载体pLOXP,构建含有neo和tk正负筛选标记基因的MSTN基因打靶载体pLOXP-MSTN-KO;将线性化的pLOXP-MSTN-KO通过电转染整合到大白猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中,利用G418和丙氧鸟苷进行药物筛选,获得抗性细胞克隆890个,通过PCR和DNA测序鉴定获得基因敲除的细胞克隆4个。结论:构建了有效的MSTN基因打靶载体,通过转染获得基因敲除细胞,为利用体细胞核移植制备MSTN基因敲除猪奠定了基础。     

Nuclear transfer of goat somatic cells transgenic for human lactoferrin gene

Transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactors are used to produce recombinant proteins with appropri-ate post-translational modifications.The nuclear transfer of transgenic somatic cells is a powerful method to pro-duce mammary gland bioreactors.We established an effi-cient gene transfer and nuclear transfer approach in goat somatic cells.Gene targeting vector pGBC2LF was con-structed by cloning human lactoferrin (LF) gene cDNA into exon 2 of the milk goat beta-casein gene and the endogenous start codon was replaced by that of human LF gene.Goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with lin-earized pGBC2LF and 14 cell lines were positive accord-ing to PCR and Southern blot.The transgenic cells were used as donor cells of nuclear transfer and some of recon-structed embryos could develop into blastocyst in vitro.     

整合人lactoferrin基因的山羊体细胞支持核移植克隆胚的体外发育

克隆了人lactoferrin基因和山羊[[beta]]-casein基因5′端调控区, 构建了人lactoferrin的乳腺表达载体, 并将该载体利用脂质体介导转染了奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞, 获得了稳定整合人lactoferrin基因的转基因体细胞克隆17个, 其中PCR和Southern Blot检测阳性的细胞克隆14个, 阳性率82.4%。以转基因体细胞为供体细胞进行了核移植, 获得了能够体外发育的山羊转基因克隆胚胎, 体内成熟卵母细胞来源的核移植囊胚率为64.8%, 体外成熟卵母细胞来源的核移植囊胚率为51.7%, 证明了山羊转基因体细胞能够支持克隆胚的进一步发育。     

Nuclear transfer of goat somatic cells transgenic for human lactoferrin gene

Transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactors are used to produce recombinant proteins with appropriate post-translational modifications. The nuclear transfer of transgenic somatic cells is a powerful method to produce mammary gland bioreactors. We established an efficient gene transfer and nuclear transfer approach in goat somatic cells. Gene targeting vector pGBC2LF was constructed by cloning human lactoferrin (LF) gene cDNA into exon 2 of the milk goat beta-casein gene and the endogenous start codon was replaced by that of human LF gene. Goat fetal fibroblasts were transfected with linearized pGBC2LF and 14 cell lines were positive according to PCR and Southern blot. The transgenic cells were used as donor cells of nuclear transfer and some of reconstructed embryos could develop into blastocyst in vitro. __________ Translated from Hereditas (Beijing), 2006, 28(12): 1513–1519 [译自: 遗传]     

猪α-1,3-半乳糖转移酶基因打靶载体的构建

目的:构建猪α-1,3-半乳糖转移酶(GGTA1)基因的正负筛选打靶载体。方法:以原代猪胚胎成纤维细胞基因组DNA为模板,采用长程PCR方法扩增出GGTA1基因的2条片段;以长约2kb包含部分第9外显子的片段为同源短臂,在XbaⅠ和ClaⅠ位点插入pLoxP质粒正筛选标记neo基因的3'端;以长约5.4kb包括部分第8外显子、全部第8内含子及部分第9外显子的片段为同源长臂,于NotⅠ位点插入该质粒中neo基因的5'端;2.7kb的负筛选标记tk基因位于载体中同源短臂的3'端外侧。结果与结论:酶切、PCR及测序结果表明,同源臂被正确连接至质粒pLoxP,成功构建了猪GGTA1基因正负筛选打靶载体pSL/GT。     

山羊β-casein位点打靶载体在乳腺上皮细胞中的表达研究

以本地山羊基因组DNA为模板,通过长链PCR扩增出山羊β-casein上游包括启动子,外显子1及部分外显子2的6.1kb的调控序列及下游3.3kb的序列,将来自质粒pCDNA3的neo基因以及来自质粒pNEOZTK-2的tk基因,经克隆重组后构建了本地山羊乳腺特异性定点打靶载体,并在其中克隆人乳铁蛋白mini基因,采用脂质体法转染小鼠乳腺上皮癌化细胞系C127,以进行打靶载体的表达功能检测,双夹心ELISA测得诱导液中乳铁蛋白表达量为0.2μg/mL,Western-blot显示重组蛋白分子量比标准品略小,约为76kD,结果说明本载体能够指导外源基因在动物乳腺细胞内正确表达。     

Pig gene knockout by rAAV-mediated homologous recombination: comparison of BRCA1 gene knockout efficiency in Yucatan and G?ttingen fibroblasts with slightly different target sequences

In this study, we compared the gene targeting efficiencies of two rAAV-BRCA1 KO targeting constructs in Yucatan and G?ttingen minipig fibroblasts. The homology arms of the constructs consisted exclusively of exonic sequences amplified by PCR from Yucatan genomic DNA. The sequences were identical to those of the reference porcine genome of a Duroc sow (Ensembl Susscrofa 9) and the BRCA1 gene of the Landrace breed (NCBI acc. no. AB271921). Surprisingly, we found that the very efficient gene targeting observed for Yucatan fibroblasts (35% targeting efficiency) was completely absent using either of the two constructs in G?ttingen fibroblasts. Sequencing of the relevant BRCA1 exon 11 region (~2 kb) in the G?ttingen minipig revealed three single nucleotide differences in the sequence targeted by the left homology arm of the construct (0.3% of the bases) and three or seven in the two right homology regions (0.3 or 0.7% of the bases, respectively). Construction of a novel rAAV-BRCA1 targeting vector based on the G?ttingen genomic DNA sequence re-established gene targeting although the efficiency was somewhat lower than that observed for Yucatan fibroblasts. These BRCA1 KO G?ttingen fibroblast clones have been used as nuclear donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate a G?ttingen BRCA1 KO pig model as previously done with the Yucatan breed. The present study illustrates that even a few mismatches present in the homology arms of an efficient rAAV-targeting construct can completely abolish gene targeting by homologous recombination emphasizing the importance of using isogenic DNA even for creating targeting constructs consisting of exon sequences only.     

p35Nck5a基因重复性打靶载体的构建和ES细胞基因打靶研究

为了在小鼠胚胎于细胞（ＥＳ）中引起神经细胞ｃｄｃ２类激酶调节亚基ｐ３５Ｎｃｋ５ａ基因的定点 重复,采用常规的分子克隆技术,构建得到长约１２．２ｋｂ的基因重复性打靶载体ｐＧＤＴＶ。用电 穿孔法将线性化的ｐＧＤＴＶ载体转入ＥＳ细胞,经过Ｇ４１８和ＧＡＮＣ分组药物选择,获得２４５个 双药物抗性的细胞克隆,细胞存活率为６．２２ × １０－５。经ＰＣＲ和基因组Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定,２个 ＥＳ细胞克隆发生了ｐ３５Ｎｃｋ５ａ基因的重复,同源重组率为５．０８×１０－７、负向选择系统的应用使 同源重组事件的富集效率提高了７倍。为建立Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病的转基因小鼠模型打下了基础。     

Selection-marker-free modification of the murine beta-casein gene using a lox2272 [correction of lox2722] site

Gene targeting and site-specific recombination strategies allow the precise modification of the eukaryotic genome. Many of the recombination strategies currently used, however, will introduce a selection marker gene at the modified site. DNA sequences of prokaryotic origin like vector sequences, selection marker, and reporter genes have been shown to markedly influence the regulation of the modified genomic loci. In order to avoid the insertion of excess sequences, a biphasic recombination strategy involving homologous recombination and Cre-recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) was devised and used to insert a foreign gene into the beta-casein gene in murine embryonic stem cells. The incompatibility of the heterospecific lox sites used for the recombinase-mediated cassette exchange was found to be critical for the success of the strategy. The frequently used mutant site lox511, which differs from the natural loxP site by a single point mutation, proved unsuitable for this approach. A mutant lox site carrying two point mutations, however, was highly effective and 90% of the selected cell clones carried the desired modification. This biphasic recombination strategy allows for the efficient and precise modification of gene loci without the concomitant introduction of a selectable marker gene.