微束等离子喷涂制备羟基磷灰石涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂系统制备羟基磷灰石涂层,通过扫描电子显微分析(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)对涂层形貌、相组成和结晶度进行了研究.结果表明,随着喷涂电流和离子气流量的增加,羟基磷灰石粒子的熔化和撞击后的铺展更充分,在70～130 mm范围内随着喷涂距离的增加粒子熔化程度增加.适当的喷涂工艺条件下微束等离子喷涂制备羟基磷灰石涂层的结晶度可以相当或高于传统大气等离子喷涂制备的涂层,有利于涂层在体液环境中稳定性的提高.     

微束等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的体外生物活性研究

采用微束等离子喷涂(MPS)方法在Ti6A14V基体上制备羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和x射线衍射(XRD)分析技术对HA涂层的表面形貌、相组成和结晶度进行表征,并通过模拟体液进行体外生物活性试验.结果表明,微束等离子喷涂制备的HA涂层具有一定粗糙度,存在气孔以及微裂纹.涂层存在热分解现象,涂层中含有HA、α-TCP、β-TCP和非晶相,不含CaO等杂质相.模拟体液试验表明,微束等离子喷涂工艺制备的HA涂层具有较好的生物活性和稳定性.涂层表面均有较大比例的CaP沉积层,且涂层整体保持完整,没有出现明显的剥离.     

热处理对微束等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

羟基磷灰石由于其良好的生物活性,被广泛的用作医用植入体的表面涂层材料.采用微束等离子喷涂(Microplasma Spraying,MPS)I艺在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备羟基磷灰石涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析了热处理对涂层相组成和表面形貌的影响规律.研究表明:微束等离子喷涂制备的羟基磷灰石涂层在经过热处理后结晶度提高,并且非晶相和杂质相转化成为HA结晶相.同时,羟基和磷酸根的完整性得到了恢复.过高的热处理温度易引起涂层裂纹等缺陷的增加,也容易造成羟基脱离造成HA分解.合理的热处理温度范围为600～700℃,保温时间为3 h.     

等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 研究等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、万能试验机、显微硬度计和高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,系统地分析了两种工艺所得涂层的物相、组织、结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果 两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层与基体界面结合效果良好。等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层为层片状组织,层间可见微裂纹,孔隙率较高;超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织均匀,无明显微裂纹,可见少量微小孔隙。物相分析表明,等离子喷涂涂层由NiCr、Cr3C2和Cr7C3相组成,而超音速火焰喷涂涂层由NiCr和Cr3C2相组成。超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的耐磨性优于等离子喷涂涂层,等离子喷涂涂层和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的稳态摩擦系数分别为0.4和0.6。随载荷升高,两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦系数均显著下降。磨损后,等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层表面具有明显的凹痕和剥落,而超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层磨痕表面较光滑,未见明显剥落。两种工艺制备的涂层磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。结论 超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层较等离子喷涂涂层组织更为致密,具有更为优良的综合力学性能和耐磨性,等离子喷涂制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的减摩性较好。     

水蒸气处理对钛合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层结构的影响

目的 制备结晶度较高且裂纹较少的羟基磷灰石涂层。方法 采用等离子喷涂法,在不同功率下,于钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石涂层。通过水蒸气处理法,在不同温度下处理羟基磷灰石涂层。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析羟基磷灰石的表面形貌和晶体结构。结果 当等离子喷涂功率从20 kW增大到29 kW时,羟基磷灰石涂层的沉积效率先增大后稳定,涂层结晶度先增大后减小,涂层中氧化钙的含量先增大后稳定。当喷涂功率为23 kW时,羟基磷灰石涂层结晶度较高。水蒸气处理能明显去除涂层中的α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙和氧化钙,当水蒸气处理温度从140 ℃增大到200 ℃时,羟基磷灰石涂层晶粒由棒状向颗粒状转变,涂层结晶度不断增大,涂层中磷酸四钙的含量先减小后增大,较高的温度会造成涂层表面微裂纹的产生。在模拟体液中浸泡后,经过水蒸气处理的涂层表面会诱导生成较纯的羟基磷灰石。180 ℃水蒸气处理后的涂层表面会沉积一层均匀的羟基磷灰石,生物活性较高。结论 羟基磷灰石涂层的结晶度随等离子喷涂功率的增大,先增大后减小,随水蒸气处理温度的上升而增大。在合适条件下制得的羟基磷灰石涂层具有较高的生物活性。     

微束等离子喷涂气体对HA涂层结晶度的影响

采用微束等离子喷涂方法,分别选用工业纯氩气和含50%氦气的氦氩混合气体为工作气体,在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备羟基磷灰石涂层.通过SEM和XRD对涂层形貌、相组成和结晶度进行研究.结果表明,两种工作气体均可以制备杂质相含量少且不产生TTCP(磷酸四钙)和CaO等杂质相的涂层,结晶度高于70%,对植入体在体内的稳定性有利.采用氦氩混合气体为工作气体的微束等离子弧热焓值高于氩气工作气体,前者涂层中的结晶相主要以再结晶的为主,后者结晶相以大量未熔HA内核为主.     

热喷涂铝青铜涂层的制备与微动磨损行为*

采用大气等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂在不锈钢表面制备铝青铜涂层,并考察涂层的显微组织、相组成以及微动磨损行为。结果表明,在微动初期涂层接触区内发生轻微损伤,表现为犁沟和粘着;随微动循环次数的增加,层状剥离和氧化成为涂层接触区内的主要损伤形式。超音速火焰喷涂涂层具有更高的致密度和硬度,提高了涂层抗粘着及犁削的性能,故在试验初期表现出较小的摩擦因数和磨损体积;但在微动损伤机制随循环次数增大转变为层状剥离和氧化后,大气等离子喷涂涂层具有更小的摩擦因数和磨损体积。这可能是由于大气等离子喷涂涂层具有更高含量的α相,提高了涂层的韧性抑制了脆性断裂。此外,磨痕内形成的致密氧化层和由应变强化得到的致密化组织减缓了涂层的进一步磨损和氧化。     

等离子喷涂W-TiC涂层的组织和性能研究

分别采用普通大气等离子喷涂和超音速大气等离子喷涂技术在低活化钢表面制备了添加1.5%TiC(质量分数)的钨基涂层。研究了涂层的组织和密度、氧含量、孔隙率和热导率等物理性能。结果表明,用两种工艺制备的涂层中,TiC主要分布于钨片层之间和未熔钨颗粒周围,对片层和颗粒起连接作用;与采用普通大气等离子喷涂制备的涂层相比,超音速大气等离子喷涂的W-TiC涂层的组织更加致密,氧含量降低了0.1%,孔隙率下降近一半,热导率提高至119.6 W/(mK)。     

微束等离子喷涂氧化锆增韧羟基磷灰石复合涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂方法,在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备了羟基磷灰石 氧化锆(70HA-30ZrO2,质量分数,%)复合涂层.将复合涂层置于模拟体液中分别浸泡了3,7,14,28 d并观察表面磷灰石的生长情况以评价涂层生物活性.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析技术对涂层浸泡前后的表面形貌和相组成进行了研究.结果表明,涂层中ZrO2主要以立方相存在;喷涂过程中羟基磷灰石(HA)出现了一定的分解,产生大量的α-Ca3(PO4)2杂质相.HA涂层熔化效果很好,但涂层中有未熔化的ZrO2颗粒.涂层在模拟体液中浸泡28 d后表面可以形成磷灰石,说明涂层具有很好的生物活性.     

不同工艺制备的Ni-Cr-Al-Y合金涂层及性能

采用低压等离子喷涂（LPPS）、常规超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）和低温超音速火焰喷涂（LT-HVOF）三种工艺在铸造镍基高温合金K438基体上制备了Ni-Cr-Al-Y涂层,并对三种工艺制备涂层的显微结构、元素分布、相组成和基本性能进行对比研究。结果表明：LPPS涂层致密无层状结构,含氧量微小,具有较高的显微硬度和好的抗氧化性;HVOF涂层为典型的层状结构,含氧量高,显微硬度低,抗氧化性差;LT-HVOF涂层含氧量大大降低,具有优良的抗氧化性;三种涂层都发生了元素扩散。     

高速火焰喷涂高质量NiCoCrAlTaReSiY抗氧化涂层

研究了用高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)替代低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)沉积高质量的MCrAlY涂层。试验用粉料为NiCoCrAlTaReSiY,采用以煤油为燃料的K2型HVOF系统沉积涂层,研究喷嘴长度、喷涂工艺参数对粉末沉积工艺过程以及涂层性能的影响;测量涂层的孔隙率及氧含量,观察涂层经真空热处理以及高温空气氧化后的显微结构,测量了Al、O等元素在氧化涂层中的分布。结果表明,所沉积的NiCoCrAlTaReSiY涂层具有优越的抗氧化性。     

Effect of flame conditions on abrasive wear performance of HVOF sprayed nanostructured WC-12Co coatings

Nanostructured WC-12Co coatings were deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying with an agglomerated powder. The effect of flame conditions on the microstructure of the nanostructured coatings was investigated. The wear properties of the coatings were characterized using a dry rubber-wheel wear test. The results show that the nanostructured WC-Co coatings consist of WC, W2C, W and an amorphous binder phase. The microstructure of the coating is significantly influenced by the ratio of oxygen flow to fuel flow. Under the lower ratio of oxygen/fuel flow, the nanostructured coating presents a relative dense microstructure and severe decarburization of WC phase occurs during spraying. With increasing ratio of oxygen/fuel flow, the bonding of WC particles in the coating becomes loose resulting from the original structure of feedstock and the decarburization of WC becomes less owing to limited heating to the powder. Both the decarburization of WC particles in spraying and the bonding among WC particles in the coatings affect the wear performance. The examination of the worn surfaces of the nanostructured coatings reveals that the dominant wear mechanisms would be spalling from the interface of WCCo splats when spray particles undergo a limited melting. While the melting state of the spray particles is improved,the dominant wear mechanisms become the plastic deformation and plowing of the matrix and spalling of WC particles from the matrix.     

Yb<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> Environmental Barrier Coatings Deposited by Various Thermal Spray Techniques: A Preliminary Comparative Study

Dense, crack-free, uniform, and well-adhered environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are required to enhance the environmental durability of silicon (Si)-based ceramic matrix composites in high pressure, high gas velocity combustion atmospheres. This paper represents an assessment of different thermal spray techniques for the deposition of Yb₂Si₂O₇ EBCs. The Yb₂Si₂O₇ coatings were deposited by means of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF), suspension plasma spraying (SPS), and very low-pressure plasma spraying (VLPPS) techniques. The initial feedstock, as well as the deposited coatings, were characterized and compared in terms of their phase composition. The as-sprayed amorphous content, microstructure, and porosity of the coatings were further analyzed. Based on this preliminary investigation, the HVOF process stood out from the other techniques as it enabled the production of vertical crack-free coatings with higher crystallinity in comparison with the APS and SPS techniques in atmospheric conditions. Nevertheless, VLPPS was found to be the preferred process for the deposition of Yb₂Si₂O₇ coatings with desired characteristics in a controlled-atmosphere chamber.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC/Co涂层的组织性能研究

分析比较了等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂的WC／Co涂层的形貌、显微组织、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及其耐磨性。结果表明：超音速火焰喷涂涂层具有与粉末相近的相结构，与等离子喷涂相比涂层具有高的致密度、硬度和良好的耐磨性，涂层与基体结合情况也得到很大的改善。     

Deposition of WC-Co Coatings by a Novel High Pressure HVOF

WC-Co coatings are primarily deposited using the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process. However, the decomposition and decarburization of carbides during spraying affects the wear performance and fracture toughness of the coatings. In this paper, a novel high pressure HVOF was developed to achieve lower particle temperature and higher particle velocity. It enables combustion chamber pressures up to 3.0 MPa. The influence of combustion chamber pressure and oxygen/fuel ratio on WC-Co particle velocity and temperature levels were analyzed by numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the combustion chamber pressure and the oxygen/fuel ratio have a significant influence on particle velocity and melting degree, as well as on the microstructure and microhardness of the coating. High velocity WC-Co particles in different states, i.e., molten, semi-molten, and non-molten can be readily obtained by changing the spraying conditions. A comparison to the conventional JP-5000 was also performed.     

镁合金表面冷喷涂纳米WC-17Co涂层及其性能

采用冷喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)在AZ80镁合金表面制备了纳米WC-17Co涂层。利用SEM分析了原始粉末形貌、喷涂粒子沉积行为及涂层显微结构,并采用球盘式摩擦磨损实验机考察了涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:采用冷喷涂工艺可在AZ80镁合金基体上制备出高质量的WC-17Co涂层,涂层的显微硬度为(1 380±82)HV,磨损率为9.1×10-7 mm3/Nm,其耐磨性较HVOF制备的WC-17Co涂层提高了1倍,较镁合金基材提高了3个数量级。研究表明,冷喷涂WC-17Co涂层在不对镁合金基体产生热影响的情况下,可以显著提高镁合金的表面性能,是一种新型镁合金表面强化工艺。     

Hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications deposited by different thermal spray techniques

Thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings are widely used for various biomedical applications due to the fact that HAp is a bioactive, osteoconductive material capable of forming a direct and firm biological fixation with surrounding bone tissue.Bioceramic coatings based on nanoscale HAp suspension and microscale HAp powder were thermally sprayed on Ti plates by high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS) technique and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as well as high velocity oxy fuel spraying (HVOF) technique. HVSFS is a novel thermal spray process developed at IMTCCC, for direct processing of submicron and nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid feedstock.The deposited coatings were mechanically characterized including surface roughness, micro hardness and coating porosity. The bond strength of the layer composites were analyzed by the pull-off method and compared for the different spray techniques. Phase content and crystallinity of the coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The coating composite specimen and initial feedstock were further analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and rheology analysis.     

Microstructural Evolution of SAPS/HVOF CoNiCrAlY Alloy Coating During Thermal Cycling Test

In this paper, CoNiCrAlY alloy coatings were deposited by high-efficiency supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying (SAPS) and high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying. The microstructural evolution of coatings during thermal cycling test was investigated. The results suggested that the as-sprayed SAPS coating consisted of lamellar structures and unmelted particles. However, the as-sprayed HVOF coating primarily consisted of the unmelted particles. The β-NiAl phase mainly existed in the unmelted particles, and its content increased with the increase of unmelted particles. The thermal cycling life of SAPS coating was 258 cycles, about 117 % higher than that of HVOF coating. During thermal cycling, significant internal oxidation and large cracks formed in the HVOF coating, which was one of the reasons that led to the spallation of HVOF coating.     

三种超音速热喷涂工艺制备WC-12Co涂层的组织结构分析

用新研制的超音速等离子喷涂(S—APS)和2种进口超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备制备了WC—12Co涂层，分析了3种喷涂工艺对涂层的表面和断面显微形貌、组织结构、孔隙率和氧化、脱碳，以及涂层的显微硬度、结合强度的影响。结果表明，在所试验的条件下，超音速等离子喷涂WC—12Co涂层显示出最致密的组织结构和最高的显微硬度。