氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律

为了考察氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律,采用激光点火、定容燃烧、热分析等方法,对5μm及50μm两种粒径、不同氟橡胶含量微米铝粉的燃烧性能、热性能进行了分析,得到粒径和氟橡胶含量对微米铝粉的点火延迟时间、燃速、燃烧状态、燃烧热值、热反应性能等的影响规律.结果表明,未包覆的微米铝粉在0.1 MPa氧气中无法被激光点燃.而在氟橡胶包覆后,随着氟橡胶含量的变化,5μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由91 ms缩短为31 ms,燃速可由3.08 mm·s-1增加至364.96 mm·s-1,燃烧热值可达到27.61 kJ·g-1;50μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由130 ms缩短为40 ms,燃速可由1.80 mm·s-1增加至43.78 mm·s-1,燃烧热值可达到26.08 kJ·g-1.此外,在热重分析(TG)的基础上,计算了氟橡胶反应深度和氧化铝层厚度,发现氟橡胶的反应仅存于铝粉的表面,而在相同反应条件下,反应完成后氧化铝层的厚度与微米铝粉的粒径无关.     

纳米镍粉对改性双基推进剂综合性能的影响

为了研究纳米镍粉(nano-Ni)对含铝改性双基(Al-CMDB)推进剂以及含黑索今和铝粉的改性双基(RDX/Al-CMDB)推进剂综合性能的影响,采用吸收-沟槽压延-螺旋压伸法制备了推进剂药柱,测试了nano-Ni对推进剂热安定性能、机械感度、力学性能、能量性能、发动机内弹道性能、室温条件下长贮燃速变化的影响。结果表明,nano-Ni对Al-CMDB推进剂和RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂的热安定性能、机械感度、力学性能、能量性能、长贮条件下燃速变化影响不明显。但是nano-Ni可显著改善Al-CMDB推进剂和RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能。nano-Ni使Al-CMDB推进剂9.81 MPa燃速从28.32 mm·s~(-1)增加到35.94 mm·s~(-1),12～22 MPa的压强指数从0.26降低至0.12,nano-Ni使RDX/Al-CMDB推进剂9.81 MPa燃速达到36.63 mm·s~(-1),16～22 MPa高低常温均出现负压强指数,Φ130 mm发动机-40℃比冲达到241.1 s,50℃比冲达到246.9 s。     

含咪唑类铅盐催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能

研究了咪唑类含能铅盐(E-Pb)催化剂含量及与炭黑复配时对RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃速、压强指数及燃烧火焰结构等燃烧性能的影响。分析了含能催化剂和惰性催化剂影响RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧行为的原因。结果表明,含有含能催化剂的RDXCMDB推进剂的燃烧性能优于含惰性催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能。10 MPa下的燃速由不含催化剂的推进剂的11.74 mm·s-1提高至含E-Pb的推进剂的25.36 mm·s-1,且随E-Pb含量的增加该推进剂的燃速增加。当含能铅盐与炭黑复配时催化效果更佳,炭黑与含能铅盐质量比为1.5∶0.25时,在4~17 MPa较宽区间出现平台燃烧,压强指数n0.25。表明,含能铅盐对推进剂的燃烧火焰结构、暗区厚度、燃面上的亮点数目等的影响有一定规律性。     

高能无烟改性双基推进剂中高压燃烧性能

研究了含铅盐、铜盐、炭黑等催化剂的高能无烟改性双基推进剂在中高压下(10～43MPa)的燃烧性能。结果表明,在高压下推进剂的燃速随压强的升高而大幅升高;在25MPa高能无烟改性双基推进剂燃速曲线出现拐点,燃速随压强升高而大幅提高;10～25MPa范围内燃速催化剂对推进剂的燃烧性能有明显影响,NI-Pb/NI-Cu/CB将推进剂燃速提高75.16%(10MPa),而在25～43MPa范围内燃速催化剂对推进剂燃烧性能的影响明显减弱。     

FOX-7对NC/TMETN基低敏感无烟改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响

采用燃速-靶线法研究了1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)的含量、粒度及不同铅盐/铜盐/炭黑三元复合燃烧催化剂对硝化棉/三羟甲基乙烷三硝酸酯(NC/TMETN)低敏感无烟螺压改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,随着NC/TMETN基推进剂配方中FOX-7含量的增加,燃速先上升后下降,当FOX-7含量为25%时,可将基础配方10 MPa下的燃速由5.87 mm·s^-1提高至14.90 mm·s^-1,当FOX-7含量由25%增至30%时,10 MPa下的燃速由14.90 mm·s^-1降至12.78 mm·s^-1,FOX-7含量由5%增加至30%时,6~16 MPa下的压力指数由0.97降至0.60;用等量细颗粒的FOX-7取代粗颗粒时,可使推进剂10 MPa下的燃速降低1.16 mm·s^-1,使推进剂6~14 MPa各压力区间的压力指数增大;B-Pb/B-Cu/CB催化剂可以将NC/TMETN/FOX-7基改性双基推进剂10 MPa下燃速由未加催化剂时的14.90 mm·s^-1提高至18.65 mm·s^-1,6~16 MPa下的压力指数由未加催化剂时的0.63降至0.35。     

DNTF在螺压高能硝胺改性双基推进剂中的应用

为探索3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)对改性双基推进剂(RDX/Al/CMDB)的影响,以DNTF逐渐取代螺压高能硝胺改性双基推进剂中的RDX进行验证试验。表征了引入DNTF后改性双基推进剂的工艺性能、力学性能、燃烧性能、安全性能以及能量特性。研究结果表明:DNTF的引入对推进剂加工工艺性能及化学安定性无不良影响; DNTF的引入不仅可以提高推进剂能量,对改善推进剂力学性能以及降低机械感度也是有益的。DNTF的引入可以适当提高推进剂燃速; 在引入的DNTF含量不超过10%时,燃速压力指数所受影响不明显。     

纳米铝粉在固体推进剂中的应用研究

采用与常规铝粉相比较的方法,考察了不同类型纳米铝粉的活性铝含量与燃烧热值,并对含纳米铝粉推进剂的燃烧性能、能量性能进行了测定.结果表明,纳米铝粉自身的能量性能要劣于常规铝粉,亦不能改善推进剂的能量性能,但纳米铝粉有利于提高推进剂的燃速,并降低燃速压强指数.     

HMX含量对丁羟四组元推进剂团聚及凝聚相燃烧产物的影响

奥克托今（HMX）作为含能材料在能够提高推进剂能量性能的同时可改变推进剂的燃烧过程,广泛用于固体推进剂中。为了研究HMX含量对推进剂点火、燃烧、团聚和凝聚相燃烧产物特性的影响,采用推进剂燃面拍摄、激光点火以及凝聚相燃烧产物收集方法对HMX含量在0%~10%范围内的典型四组元推进剂进行试验研究。结果表明：随着HMX含量由0%增加到10%,推进剂的点火延迟时间由191 ms增加到286 ms,推进剂的燃速和压强指数均减小,凝聚相燃烧产物的体积平均粒径D₄₃由48.1 μm增加到138.3 μm。含10%HMX的推进剂燃面上铝的团聚程度最大,而含8%HMX的推进剂凝聚相燃烧产物中活性铝的含量最高。     

CL-20基无烟NEPE推进剂的燃烧性能和能量性能研究

研究了CL-20部分代替RDX对不含燃速调节剂的无烟NEPE推进剂燃烧性能和能量性能的影响.结果表明,CL-20的加入明显提高了推进剂的燃速,CL-20含量为30%时,推进剂不同压强下的燃速均提高50%以上;CL-20替代推进剂中的RDX,明显改善了推进剂的能量性能,CL-20含量为30%时,推进剂的定容爆热增大9.2%,实测密度增大3.5%.     

碳纳米管(CNTs)对Al-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能及力学性能的影响

为了研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对含Al改性双基(Al?CMDB)推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的影响,采用吸收?压延的方法制备了推进剂样品,用靶线法测试了推进剂的燃速,并计算了压强指数;测试了推进剂样品在高低常温时的拉伸强度及延伸率。通过扫描电镜、火焰照片、燃烧波、熄火表面形貌及元素分析和DSC分析了碳纳米管影响Al?CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的原因。结果表明,在Al?CMDB推进剂中加入0.7%碳纳米管在6～20 MPa可提高推进剂的燃速,其中6 MPa下燃速提高最多,为4.98 mm·s~(-1);6～20 MPa下压强指数从0.57降低为0.45。管径10～20 nm的碳纳米管能提高Al?CMDB推进剂高低常温的拉伸强度及延伸率。碳纳米管对推进剂的热分解峰温影响不明显,但可使推进剂分解放热量增加。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.