斜坡上封闭水平板波浪上托力试验研究

波浪对平板的上托力是海上透空结构物设计的重要依据，不同布置形式的平板波浪上托力有不同的变化规律。本文通过系列模型试验，对斜坡上尾部封闭的水平板波浪上托力产生的机理进行了详细的分析和论述，认为影响其大小的直接因素与尾部透空情况相同，仍为几何因素、动力因素和空气垫层因素，但各因素对波浪上托力的影响程度发生了很大变化。试验结果表明，板下最大冲击压强与最大总上托力并不总是同步发生，其压强分布形式也不尽相同，应分别考虑。     

斜坡封闭式水平板波浪上托力计算方法及实例应用

在斜坡封闭式平板波浪上托力机理研究基础上,本文针对实际工程应用要求。提出相对简便的斜坡封闭式平板下波浪局部上托力和最大总上托力计算方法,包括上托力大小、分布宽度和发生位置。具体工程实例计算结果表明,该方法与实验值有着较好的一致性。     

THE IRREGULAR BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL WALL

A method for the calculation of total horizontal wave forces by irregular breaking waves on vertical wall was developed by authors, which was based on physical model test, dimensionless analysis and assessment of real construction. The methods for the determination of pressure distribution of horizontal forces on vertical wall as well as u-plift forces on the bottom of wall are also given. The comparison between calculated results by this method and samples of real construction are very well.     

THE STATISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF IRREGULAR BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS

ＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＩＳＴＩＣＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＩＲＲＥＧＵＬＡＲＢＲＥＡＫＩＮＧＷＡＶＥＦＯＲＣＥＳＯＮＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＷＡＬＬＳ￥ＬｉＹｕ－ｃｈｅｎｇ；ＬｉｕＤａ－ｚｈｏｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｄａｌｉａｎ...     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WAVE SLAMMING ON AN OPEN STRUCTURE

The three-dimensional numerical simulation of wave slamming on an open structure in the splash zone is carried out based upon the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method.A wave basin is established by solving the...     

SECOND-ORDER DRIFT FORCES AND MOMENTS BETWEEN TWO SUBMERGED BODIES IN WAVES ON 3D METHOD

Two near field methods, namely the integral method and differential method, were presented for giving second-order mean drift forces and moments between two fixed submerged bodies in regular waves. For the integral method, with a series of mathematical manipulations, second order drift forces and moments could be easily expressed by distributed sources which could be calculated by source distribution techniques with the assumption that the amplitude of ship motions are small on the basis of the linear 3D frequency theory. For the differential method, drift forces and moments could be expressed by the derivative of velocity potential with respect to space coordinate. Because two bodies would behaveas a single body while the clearance is very large, the numerical results of one sphere in such case were given and compared with analytical results of a single sphere which does not involve the effect of free surface. When submerged depth becomes enough large, a good agreement can be reached. Then the integral method was used to predict the second order drift forces and moments of two submerged spheres and spheroids with a small lateral separation distance in waves compared with the numerical results obtained by the differential method and they agree well. By comparison, it indicates the interaction effects between two submerged bodies have a profound influence on the drift forces and moments. In this paper, the forward speed effect on submerged spheres was also considered.     

SLOW DRIFT DAMPING FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDER IN WAVES

ＳＬＯＷＤＲＩＦＴＤＡＭＰＩＮＧＦＯＲＣＥＡＣＴＩＮＧＯＮＡＣＹＬＩＮＤＥＲＩＮＷＡＶＥＳ￥ＨｕＣｈａｎｇ－ｈｏｎｇ（ＫｙｕｓｈｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，ｋａｓｕｇａ，Ｊａｐａｎ）ＬｉｕＹｉｎ－ｚｈｏｎｇ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏＴｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓ...     

松砂中倾斜锚板上拔承载特性模型试验研究

以福建标准砂为填料,对松砂中倾斜锚板的上拔承载特性进行了试验研究,采用数字图像相关技术分析了上拔时锚周土体的变形特性,重点探讨了锚板倾斜角度(倾角)和埋深比的影响。试验结果表明：对同一倾角,锚板上拔力峰值和所对应的位移水平均随着埋深比的增加而逐渐增大;对同一埋深比,随着锚板倾角的增加,上拔曲线发展形态基本一致,但埋深比的变化会对曲线形态产生影响。在较大埋深比条件下,锚板倾角对上拔承载力的影响具有区间效应,即当倾角约为10°时,上拔极限承载力最小,数字图像分析表明,此现象与不同倾角锚板上拔时竖向和侧向土体抗力的不同发挥机制密切相关。     

在冲坑底部岩块上脉动上举力的实验研究

本文以瞬变流模型为基础，在三峡溢流坝断面模型冲坑底部，详细地量测了不同尺寸岩块上的脉动上举力，获得脉动上举力的统计资料，验证了瞬变流理论的分析成果，为探讨基岩的冲刷机理和水垫塘内混凝土底板块的设计提供了科学依据。     

嵌岩扩底短桩抗拔承载性能现场试验研究及数值模拟

为研究嵌岩扩底短桩的抗拔承载性能,在现场完成了4根扩底短桩的抗拔静载试验,详细地分析了单桩Q-s曲线,并将现行规范计算的极限抗拔承载力与现场试验结果相比较。在通过PLAXIS 3D软件验证数值模拟结果与现场试验结果吻合的基础上,进一步深入探讨了水平荷载对扩底短桩抗拔承载特性的影响。结果表明:扩底短桩的Q-s曲线呈陡变型,极限状态桩顶上拔位移与桩径之比的平均值为1.94%;现行规范计算结果过于保守,公路规范相比其它规范计算结果与试验结果较为接近;当水平荷载与上拔荷载的比值η分别为10%,20%,30%时,极限抗拔承载力呈线性减小,相比η=0时分别减小8.3%,16.7%,25.0%。研究结果对优化桩基设计有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

Wave height from planing and semi‐planing small boats

The increasing number of small boats has raised concerns about their effects on the environment, particularly their waves. Bank erosion is one of the foremost concerns of boat waves but disruption of habitat, resuspension of bottom sediments, and damage to aquatic plants are other areas of concern. A large programme of field measurement of boat waves was conducted on Johnson Lake in Alaska to evaluate boats typically used on the Kenai River. The boat wave study compared wave characteristics of four boats under a variety of loadings, speeds, distances and motor powers. Over 400 tests were run on Johnson Lake with each test providing wave measurement at four locations. Two measures of waves and two types of tests were used in the study. MAXPOW was the wave height at the maximum power of the motor. MAXWAV was the maximum wave height produced by the boat which required runs at a range of speeds to determine the MAXWAV. While the MAXWAV data herein have considerable scatter in magnitude, the conditions at which MAXWAV occurs are consistent from boat to boat. To prevent generation of maximum wave heights, small boats should operate as far as possible either above or below length Froude number of 0.6, displacement Froude number of 1.3, or beam Froude number of 1.0. A general boat wave height equation was developed for the four boats based on boat speed, volume displaced by the boat and distance from the boat, and are applicable to semi‐planing and planing boats based on MAXPOW and MAXWAV data. The predictive equation for V‐hull boats was compared to independent data not used in the development and was found to be in agreement with the data. The predictive equation is limited to depth/boat length greater than 0.35. Published in 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超短型水垫塘底板块上脉动上举力试验研究

基于瞬变流理论模型，本文在1:110的构皮滩工程超短型水垫塘消能布置的整体模型上，利用测力传感器详细地量测了不同泄流工况下，水垫塘底部不同位置处底板块上的脉动上举力，获得了脉动上举力的统计资料，分析了水垫塘底部不同区底板块的受力特征，为水垫塘底板块的设计与防护提供了科学依据     

变缝宽异型构造底板脉动压力特性试验

在水利工程中,水垫塘是大坝的重要安全防护设施之一,在高速水流冲击下,水垫塘的安全与稳定关系到大坝能否正常运行。以某消力塘水工模型试验为背景,结合模型试验结果,对比分析了不同缝隙宽度对底板下表面脉动压力特性的影响。研究表明:在水跃稳定区,带键槽底板下表面的脉动压强系数会随着键槽间的缝隙宽度的增大而增大,带键槽底板概率密度分布图的正态性较好;当键槽缝隙宽度增大时,带键槽底板可能产生的最大脉动上举力有所减小;对于相同测点,键槽缝隙宽度越大,下表面缝隙涡旋的平均尺度和脉动压力空间积分尺度都越大;随着键槽缝隙宽度变小,带键槽底板下表面的脉动能量更加集中于低频。     

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF IN-LINE WAVE FORCES ON A PILE IN IRREGULAR WAVES

The probability distribution of in-line wave forces on a pile can bemathematically summed up to that of a theory and the assumption of wave period being constantare used and the above probability distribution is simplified to that of a single dimentsionfunction.The probability density functions of the peak values of total wave forces on a wholevertical pile in irregular waves are derived from that of wave height which is the Rayleighdistribution(deep water wave)or the Kerohovski distribution(shallow water waves)on the baseof the Morison Equation.The identification with experimental data shows that suchsimplification is successful.These distributions are compared with Weibull distribution andRayleigh distribution and the result shows that the shallow water distribution of wave forcesobtained here is the best one and can be used in practice.     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.     

Wave-current impacts on surface-piercing structure based on a fully nonlinear numerical tank

Fully nonlinear wave-body interactions for a surface-piercing structure with combined wave-current flow in different water depths are studied by using a 2-D numerical tank. The model is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations and renormalization group(RNG) k- model. The mean and maximum wave-current impacts, including forces in two directions and rotational moment, are calculated and discussed. The effects of U/ C and water depth condition on forces and moment have been investigated and the results for combined irregular waves and currents are compared with those induced by combined regular waves and currents.     

水垫塘底板稳定性控制指标的探讨

基于几个高坝水垫塘底板水力模型试验研究，对稳定性控制指标进行了探讨。从脉动压强、上举力和冲击压强之间关系的角度，得出了冲击压强所表示水动力荷载的量化指标。文中所述成果可用以评价类似工程的底板稳定性并作为设计依据。     

中风化凝灰岩嵌岩桩抗拔承载特性研究

针对某建筑工程地下室抗浮设计问题,为了确定中风化凝灰岩地层嵌岩抗拔桩设计承载力,开展了5根0．7ｍ和0．8ｍ两种直径抗拔桩现场试验。试验结果表明各试桩加载至设计值时均为缓变形,最大位移为6．92ｍｍ～10．67ｍｍ,试验中岩层侧摩阻力未充分发挥,安全富裕较大。通过国内外不同规范方法对5根试桩极限抗拔承载力进行计算发现,理论计算得到的嵌岩桩极限抗拔承载力普遍大于设计值,且国外ＡＡＳＨＴＯ方法和加拿大岩土工程手册方法均明显大于建筑桩基规范,且嵌岩段长度越大,计算结果差异越显著。通过试验和理论计算均表明中风化凝灰岩嵌岩段的极限侧阻力发挥潜力较大,可作为抗拔桩的良好持力层。     

分层流体中冰脊拖曳力的数值模拟研究

冰脊在分层流体表面的漂移运动会在内界面激发出内波,内波又会对冰脊的运动、堆积产生重要影响。利用湍流模型对冰脊在分层流体中的运行过程进行了数值模拟研究,并与已有物理模型实验结果做了比较,冰脊拖曳力和内波界面的数值模拟结果与物理实验结果吻合良好。当流场属于跨临界区时,内波的产生使冰脊拖曳力随弗劳德数Fr先增大后减小,冰脊拖曳系数随Fr的变化规律类似。当流场属于超临界区时,拖曳力随Fr增大而增大,拖曳系数不再随弗劳德数变化。当内波波峰达到最高点的时候,冰脊拖曳力达到一个峰值。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VERTICAL HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE ON A CIRCULAR SLAB NEAR FREE SURFACE BY WATER WAVES

NOMENCLATUTE d—— water depth D—— diameter of slab Fz—— vertical force on slab Fzu1/3——upward force Fzd1/3——downward force g——acceleration due to gravity H——wave height for regular wave Hs——significant wave height for random wave L——wave