缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料力学性能研究

采用机械缝合设备连续制备了"X"型构型缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构预成型体,并采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)整体成型了缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料。实验研究了面板纤维布层数、面板纤维布穿透缝合层数、缝合角度、缝合针距及纱线股数对缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料弯曲性能和平压性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:与未缝合结构相比,缝合结构在质量未明显增加的情况下,弯曲性能和压缩性能得到了显著提高,其弯曲刚度最大提高了4.66倍,破坏载荷最大提高了13.8倍;压缩强度和压缩模量最大分别提高了26.2倍和15.2倍。     

不同增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料三点弯曲性能研究

研究了缝合及加强筋增强方式下泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲性能.采用万能试验机分别进行了缝合与未缝合碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的三点弯曲实验,分别得出各自的载荷-挠度曲线,再引入加强筋的方式进一步研究缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料的弯曲性能.结果表明,玻碳混杂纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料较玻璃纤维泡沫夹心复合材料性...     

未缝合与缝合玻纤泡沫夹层复合板弯曲性能研究

对0°/90°双轴向玻璃纤维泡沫夹层复合板进行弯曲实验,研究了缝合与未缝合泡沫夹层复合板不同泡沫厚度,纤维铺层,以及缝合密度等参数对材料弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,在纤维铺层数一定时,增加泡沫夹芯的厚度,会降低弯曲强度和最大弯曲正应力。缝合泡沫板的缝线树脂柱的支撑作用使其弯曲强度同比未缝合至少增加45%,最大弯曲正应力最大增加157.48%,弯曲能量最多增加138.66%。当纤维铺层数较多时,复合泡沫板的弯曲能量都比较高,缝合密度对其弯曲能量的影响不大。最后在增重不多情况下,泡沫厚度为9 mm,缝合密度为10 mm×10mm,纤维铺层为8层可使复合板综合性能达到最佳。     

复合材料泡沫夹层结构力学性能与试验方法

本文讨论纤维增强复合材料与聚合物泡沫组成的夹层结构的刚度、强度及弯曲性能试验方法;分析了复合材料面层的弹性常数、泡沫芯层的模量和夹层结构的刚度;阐述了夹层结构的应力分布和常见的5种破坏模式;对夹层结构的疲劳强度和冲击时的力学行为进行了探讨.     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料湿热老化性能研究

通过对夹芯结构复合材料湿热老化性能的研究,探究环境对夹芯结构复合材料性能的影响。实验中采用了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(SW110C/608)复合材料面板制备了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料,研究了PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的耐湿热老化特性,并讨论了湿热对PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的压缩性能以及弯曲性能的影响。结果发现,PMI泡沫夹芯结构复合材料浸泡在水中时的饱和吸湿时间为30d,饱和吸水率为4.08%,通过Fick第二扩散定律发现水分子在PMI泡沫中的扩散系数为水分子在面板扩散系数的29.29倍,由于水分子的增塑作用以及浓度梯度扩散的影响,湿热处理后的PMI泡沫夹芯复合材料的平压强度下降了32.86%,侧压强度下降了16.73%,弯曲强度下降了23.94%。     

缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的滚筒剥离性能

制备了改进锁式缝合、临缝式缝合、双线链式缝合等三种缝合方式下不同缝合密度、缝线直径的缝合泡沫夹层复合材料,并对其滚筒剥离性能进行了测试。结果表明,未缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的剥离载荷上升到一定高度后便趋于稳定,而缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的剥离载荷上升到一定高度后呈正弦曲线变化;缝合后最大剥离载荷的平均值得到大幅度的提高,可增加到原有的1.6～4.7倍左右;缝合参数相同,缝合方式不同的缝合泡沫夹层复合材料的剥离载荷存在一定的差异,同样的缝合方式下,缝合密度、缝线直径越大,剥离载荷越大。     

三维缝合结构阻尼复合材料制备与性能研究

通过选用柔性环氧树脂及不同的增强材料,制备三维缝合夹层结构复合材料,得到具备较佳阻尼性能和较高结构强度的复合材料。通过测定三维缝合结构阻尼复合材料的各项性能,得到三维缝合结构的最佳体系为结构层采用环氧树脂复合材料,阻尼层采用芳纶纤维布增强柔性环氧树脂,其阻尼比为3.33%,弯曲模量为14.3GPa,弯曲强度为290MPa,冲击韧性为338k J/m2。     

缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料低速冲击及损伤检测

研究了低速冲击对缝合与未缝合碳纤维泡沫夹芯复合材料冲击性能及损伤的影响;采用落锤冲击试验机对缝合和未缝合夹芯复合材料板分别进行了不同冲击能量下的冲击实验,得出冲击力和冲头位移分别随时间变化的曲线;采用水浸超声波扫描成像系统对冲击后的复合材料板进行损伤检测,得出夹芯复合材料板内部损伤情况。结果表明,在相同冲击能量下,缝合碳纤维复合材料板的冲击力较未缝合的要大,但冲头接触时间要短;此外,缝合碳纤维泡沫夹层复合材料板比未缝合的损伤面积要小,这说明缝线能有效的抑制冲击载荷下复合材料板内损伤扩散,减小分层损伤面积,提高复合材料板的抗冲击性能;缝合的抑制损伤效果在表面层和最内部层效果显著,而在中间层缝线的效果一般。     

剪切对泡沫夹层结构梁弯曲性能的影响

本文以受剪后横截面仍为一平面但与轴线不再垂直为基本假设,采用能量法建立了一种对泡沫夹层结构梁的弯曲性能进行分析的方法。通过对比试验数据以及有限元的计算结果,得到用该方法可较为准确地预测泡沫夹层结构梁的挠度。通过分析,得到了剪切对泡沫夹层结构梁挠度的影响程度随着梁的跨高比的增大而减小,同时讨论了梁横截面正应变及正应力的分布情况。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.