碾压混凝土坝变形监控模型研究

根据碾压混凝土坝的层面特性,利用横观各向同性的水平向综合弹性模量和热膨胀系数分别近似描述了本体的弹性模量和热膨胀系数,通过有限元反演计算得到本体的水压和温度基本分量,并对监测资料回归计算分离出层面的水压和温度分量,从而将碾压混凝土坝变形模型中的本体和层面分量有效分离,为进一步分析层面对变形的影响提供新方法.     

混凝土防渗墙应力参数敏感性分析

针对目前有限元计算所得的混凝土防渗墙应力常与工程实测结果出入较大问题,以狮子坪水电站土石坝为例,利用平面有限元法分析应力变形,采用敏感性分析方法研究了土体邓肯-张E-ν模型参数对防渗墙应力影响的敏感性,并分析了覆盖层、高塑性土、残渣单元及接触面Goodman单元四种材料16个参数对防渗墙应力的影响。结果表明,覆盖层地基的参数对防渗墙的应力影响较大,接触面参数的影响不容忽视,其他因素均对防渗墙应力整体影响较小。     

200 m级面板堆石坝流变分析

针对堆石流变会引起200 m级面板堆石坝面板脱空、压坏等现象,采用沈珠江三参数流变模型对200m级混凝土面板堆石坝进行三维有限元计算,对比了不考虑堆石料流变的计算结果,并分析了堆石料流变特性对坝体和混凝土面板应力变形及面板接缝变形的影响.结果表明,堆石流变较大程度上改变了坝体和面板的变形与应力.     

考虑水管冷却及表面保温的闸墩施工期温度应力场仿真分析

鉴于施工期的混凝土内外温差及变形约束是闸墩产生温度裂缝的主要原因,基于温度应力场和水管冷却算法等基本理论,通过与施工现场的温度监测数据的对比分析,反演混凝土热学计算参数,利用三维有限元计算软件进行闸墩施工期考虑水管冷却的温度场及应力场仿真计算。结果表明,水管冷却温控效果良好,但混凝土表面因降温幅度较大而产生早期较大的拉应力,应进一步做好表面保温措施,降低混凝土内外温差。     

温度取值对混凝土坝实测应力的影响研究

在实测混凝土总应变中消除自由温度应变时,温度取值对最终应力计算成果影响很大。分别采用应变计温度、无应力计温度、应变计组平均温度计算实测应力,结合中误差和极限误差理论,推导了三种温度取值方法的计算精度。研究结果表明,温度误差使应力应变计算精度至少降低了一倍;考虑温度误差影响下,采用应变计温度和应变计组平均温度计算精度相当,采用无应力计温度计算精度最低。结合某混凝土拱坝实测应力计算实例,得出了应变计组和无应力计所处位置混凝土温度差异是造成实测应力精度降低的重要原因,并建议根据温度测值实际情况,使用应变计自身温度或应变计组平均温度计算实测应力。     

大体积混凝土寒潮期温度应力及表面保温分析

针对寒潮引起的温度骤降为大体积混凝土产生表面裂缝的主要原因,以某船鸡底板为例,结合有限元分析方法,计算分析了寒潮引起的混凝土表面温度应力变化,探讨了大体积混凝土表面保温及防裂问题,并计算了泡沫塑料板对混凝土表面温度应力的影响.结果表明,该材料保温效果明显.     

大型泵站施工期温度场与应力场数值仿真分析

大型泵站的底板、墩墙、流道、楼板等构件尺寸大,施工时混凝土温度应力十分复杂,易引起开裂并影响结构的安全和使用。针对南水北调东线工程某大型泵站工程,研究了施工期混凝土仿真分析计算方法,建立了三维有限元施工仿真计算模型,对泵站结构施工期的温度场与温度应力场进行了仿真计算。结果表明,泵站底板和闸墩等构件温度应力较大,易出现开裂。据此提出了相应的温控防裂建议,为工程设计与施工提供了依据。     

基于Matlab的混凝土平面温度自应力差分解法

针对传统的混凝土温度应力计算方法存在的不足,采用基于Matlab的混凝土平面温度自应力的差分解法,对大体积混凝土平面温度自应力进行仿真计算,即依据混凝土热传导方程及其边界控制条件,在构建混凝土平面温度场求解模型的基础上,考虑温度自应力的计算模型,建立温度自应力的差分计算格式,利用Matlab的编程与可视化功能,对工程实例中的大体积混凝土温度自应力进行仿真计算,并与有限元计算结果进行比较。结果表明,该算法计算结果与有限元计算结果一致,精度可满足工程需要,且可对温度场及温度自应力进行可视化的实时输出,为大体积混凝土施工与仿真计算提供了参考。     

浇筑层网格对混凝土浇筑块温度及应力计算的影响

研究了浇筑层不同网格剖分对浇筑块温度及应力计算精度的影响,对比分析了混凝土表面放热系数、绝热温升速率及时问步长等因素对浇筑层不同网格剖分计算结果的影响.结果表明,较粗的有限元网格虽能获得良好的温度计算结果,但较密的有限元网格更能满足应力的计算.     

混凝土热湿传导模型在结构早龄期裂缝分析中的应用

针对混凝土结构早龄期裂缝的产生机理,提出了混凝土三维有限元热湿传导数值计算模型,同时考虑了混凝土水化反应引起的温度变化、表面干燥失水造成的湿度非均匀分布及两者间的耦合作用,并在应力分析中采用Bazant双幂函数徐变模型考虑徐变对混凝土应力的影响.算例分析表明,该模型能很好地预测实际条件下混凝土温度、湿度变化和相应产生的应力,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

Thermal Stress in Fabrication of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal stress in the fabrication process of thermal barrier coating system (TBCs) has a significant effect on the quality of TBCs and the durability of gas turbine. In this work, a new analytical model was developed to calculate the thermal stress during the fabrication process of TBCs. Variations of the material properties with temperature of TBCs were well considered in the present model. Several spraying factors: such as pre-heating temperature, cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) method, thickness of top coating and thickness of substrate, which has significant effects on thermal stress generation, are also discussed in this work.     

污泥加热处置的热经济性分析

对污泥加热处置的干燥或干燥—焚烧、直接焚烧等技术进行了理论分析与计算,并与工程应用数据进行对比,结果表明,采用干燥或干燥—焚烧技术对污泥进行热处置,具有显著的节能和环保效益。     

1000MW火电机组热力系统改进热经济性分析

为了提高火电厂的发电热效率,降低冷端余热热污染,应对火电厂中的汽轮机乏汽热量进行回收利用.现在以N1030-26.25/600/600为例:对该机组热力循环系统进行改进,加入有机工质循环;利用其自身的热力特性,使有机工质吸收机组凝汽器中水蒸汽中的汽化潜热;成为有一定压力和温度的过热蒸汽,再进入低压缸做功.经过热经济性计算,结果显示:在THA、75％ THA、50％ THA工况下,采用甲苯、R365MFC、正戊烷3种有机工质,在机组总热耗、机组排汽温度与原机组相同的情况下,新系统的冷端热量减少,发电热效率得到了提高;采用新系统可以使机组热经济性提高;其中工质R365MFC环保性好,发电热效率高,排汽压力合适,为新系统最适合的有机工质.     

Thermal insulants

More than £10⁹ are spent annually in the world on thermal insulants, yet it is surprising how little attention is devoted to the selection of the most suitable insulant for the chosen purpose as an essential step in the design process. Too often the choice between insulants (for example, between X which possesses a very low thermal conductivity, Y which has a high strength and Z which is easily applied) is made on the basis of ill-informed opinion or limited experience. Thus details of the pertinent physical properties for commercially-available insulants have been gleaned and sifted, often from scattered and sometimes from esoteric sources of information, in order to facilitate the designer (whether he be an engineer or an architect) making the optimal choice.     

Thermal accumulators

A preliminary procedure has been developed for assessing the prospective performance of idealised sensible- and latent-heat storage systems. Design charts relating storage volume, thermal capacity, boundary insulant thickness and time constant are presented.     

基于热舒适观点的房间热性能评价

介绍了通过计算不舒适指标评价房间热性能的方法。基于人体热反应从热舒适角度来评价房间的热性能 ,得出人体热舒适对房间建筑参数的敏感程度。这些参数主要包括围护结构的物理性质 ,房间的位置、朝向及几何形状     

等离子喷涂热障涂层组织结构及热导率研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、激光脉冲等方法研究了204NS和204NS-G粉末对等离子喷涂热障涂层组织结构及热导率的影响。结果表明：相比204NS-G粉末,204NS粉末制备的YSZ涂层具有较高的密度和较低的孔隙率。在1 000℃下,204NS粉末制备的YSZ涂层热导率为0.78 W/m·K,比204NS-G粉末制备的YSZ涂层热导率高约20%。     

Thermal power plant efficiency enhancement with Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, coastal thermal power plants would gain further opposition due to their heat rejection distressing the local ecosystem. Therefore, these plants need to enhance their thermal efficiency while reducing their environmental offense. In this study, a hybrid plant based on the principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion was coupled to a 740 MW coal-fired power plant project located at latitude 28°S where the surface to deepwater temperature difference would not suffice for regular OTEC plants. This paper presents the thermodynamical model to assess the overall efficiency gained by adopting an ammonia Rankine cycle plus a desalinating unit, heated by the power plant condenser discharge and refrigerated by cold deep seawater. The simulation allowed us to optimize a system that would finally enhance the plant power output by 25–37 MW, depending on the season, without added emissions while reducing dramatically the water temperature at discharge and also desalinating up to 5.8 million tons per year. The supplemental equipment was sized and the specific emissions reduction was estimated. We believe that this approach would improve the acceptability of thermal and nuclear power plant projects regardless of the plant location.     

Thermal resource availability

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plants require an ocean temperature difference sufficient to operate turbines as efficiently as possible. In 1975, Ocean Data Systems, Inc. (ODSI) assembled an ocean temperature data base for OTEC purposes for the National Science Foundation. From this data, summaries were prepared identifying seasonal OTEC thermal gradients for ocean areas surrounding the North American continent. Under the Energy Research and Development Administration program, ODSI updated the historical file and identified the thermal resource for many specific sites on a monthly basis. Now, the Department of Energy and ODSI have done a worldwide OTEC thermal resource study. Two charts of the world's oceans showing the gross resource available at depths of 500 and 1000 m have been produced (Figs. 1 and 2).     

蓄冷蓄热技术

简要介绍了蓄冷蓄热技术的应用与发展现状，归纳了蓄冷蓄热空调系统的原理和技术特点，提出了中央空调系统（包括采暖）采用蓄冷蓄热技术的诸多优势、宏观（社会）效益和微观（用户）效益以及对电网“移峰填谷”的重要作用；并例举出常州市金禧园生活小区蓄能中央空调系统运行情况的工程实例。