圆管斜交偏置相贯线焊缝轨迹跟踪的实现

两圆管斜交偏置相贯线是复杂的空间曲线,为实现相贯线焊缝轨迹跟踪,建立了两圆管斜交偏置相贯线的数学模型,推导出相应的可控步长实时插补算法。基于所建相贯线的数学模型和插补算法设计了一套圆管斜交偏置相贯线焊缝轨迹跟踪控制系统。通过焊接实验验证,所设计的控制系统能够控制焊枪跟踪相贯线的空间曲线轨迹,且控制精度较高,可以满足相贯线焊缝自动焊接的要求。     

基于空间等距线的焊接机器人轨迹优化

针对球管相贯焊缝焊接机器人多道多层焊接中示教时间过长的问题,开展了等距线法机器人焊接轨迹规划的研究,提出了一种基于B样条空间等距线的轨迹优化方法. 在机器人轨迹规划中,将前一道机器人焊接时局部修改过的轨迹投影到理论轨迹的拟合平面,将拟合平面上计算得到的投影曲线法向量作为求解下一道等距线轨迹的实际轨迹法向量;在指定端点切矢条件下,利用最小二乘法生成B样条曲线以逼近等距线,利用等距线生成机器人运动轨迹,从而有效地减少示教时间. 结果表明,利用该方法得到的机器人焊接轨迹能够满足球管相贯焊缝焊接要求.     

机器人自动脉冲TIG焊J形坡口焊缝填充策略

核电压力容器封头由半球形封头和多个圆管相贯构成,连接的焊缝为J形坡口,轨迹是球管相贯的空间曲线,位于封头内部.由于该焊缝的特殊性,目前普遍采用手工焊接,质量与效率不佳.文中针对核电压力容器封头J形坡口的机器人自动焊接技术提出了一种多层多道焊填充策略.通过焊接结构分析,确定了J形坡口的焊接工艺分区,提出了设定焊接层数、道数的焊接轨迹规划方法,进而提出了焊接工艺参数的设定规则并据此对焊缝形状进行控制.结果表明,应用文中提出的焊缝填充策略及焊缝形状控制方法可获得良好的焊缝成形.     

管道插接相贯线专用焊接机器人

管道插接相贯线焊缝是典型的、复杂的空间焊缝.针对管道插接焊缝的特殊焊接工艺要求,采用串并联混合方式设计了一种新型的5自由度焊接机器人,实现了机器人锚固、运动机构、焊枪姿态调节机构和送丝机构的一体化设计.设计了2自由度的自动定心手腕机构,实现了焊枪位置和焊枪姿态的独立控制,建立了专用焊接机器人的运动学模型.针对通用型的相贯线模型,建立了焊枪位置、焊枪姿态和焊接速度的实时控制数学模型.结果表明,该焊接机器人锚固牢固、定位准确,焊接过程可控性好,控制模型能够满足空间相贯线焊缝的焊接工艺要求.     

基于可控步长的散热器相贯线焊缝焊接插补控制算法

介绍了专用于散热器T形管相贯线焊缝焊接的双焊枪自动焊数控系统的工作原理、插补算法及其软件仿真。该系统通过x,y,z三轴联动带动双焊枪实现插补,同时控制双焊枪绕y轴摆动,以实现其实时姿态的调整。在任意空间曲线的可控步长插补算法的基础上,分析了散热器T形管相贯线焊缝的空间几何特点,建立了数学模型,设计了相应的可控步长插补算法,研究了焊枪实时姿态的调整,并利用Origin软件进行了仿真。结果表明:该控制算法是可行的。     

基于需求设计的并联结构相贯线焊接机器人

相贯线焊接接头是一种复杂的空间曲线焊缝形式,给焊接运动控制提出了较高的要求.本研究从相贯线数学模型出发,运用D-H方法建立运动学逆解模型,基于整体考虑实际焊接需求的机构设计与简化控制策略思想,提出一种具有四自由度的并联式焊接机器人实现整体旋转、升降及焊枪手腕机构的解耦控制.以一种斜插相贯线轨迹为例,通过运动仿真,初步验证了所设计的机构及控制策略的正确性.最终制作出并联结构相贯线机器人实物.本研究设计的机器人具有小型化、高刚度、运动解耦的特点,为实现精确的运动轨迹控制提供硬件准备.     

管内锚固式相贯线专用焊接机器人

管道插接相贯线焊缝是典型的、复杂的空问焊缝.针对管道插接焊缝的特殊焊接工艺要求,采用串并联混合方式设计了一种新型的5自由度焊接机器人.机器人以管道内壁为锚固对象,实现了机器人锚固、运动机构、焊枪姿态调节机构和送丝机构的一体化设计.机器人利用3个关节对焊枪位置进行控制,利用2自由度的自动定心手腕机构对焊枪进行姿态控制,实现了焊枪位置和焊枪姿态的独立控制.针对该专用焊接机器人,建立了焊接机器人的运动学模型,给出了机器人运动学模型解法.实际焊接试验表明,该焊接机器人锚固牢固、定位准确,焊接过程可控性好,控制模型能够满足空间相贯线焊缝的焊接工艺要求.     

一种相交管道 相贯线同步划线装置的研制

针对在工程领域中相交管道相贯线划线较难的问题,研制出了一种相交管道相贯线同步划线装置,具体为一种通过手动操作,利用仿形原理,实现支管相贯线和主管相贯孔快速同步划线功能的装置。该装置具有划线精度高,操作方便、制造成本低、通用性强和可重复使用的特点。适用于一线生产现场、小批量和野外施工过程中,对中小型相交管道焊前相贯线、相贯孔的划线工作。同时,也为管-管相贯线、相贯孔同步划线、低成本自动化切割和焊接研究提供了一种新的思路,具有一定的实用参考价值。     

开放式管道插接专用焊接机器人控制系统

针对管道插接形成的空间相贯线焊缝,开发了一套基于PC+PMAC模式的开放式焊接机器人控制系统.提出以焊缝位姿信息为基准的焊枪轨迹控制、焊枪姿态控制和焊接工艺参数控制的三位一体逻辑控制模式,实现了真正意义上的焊接机器人运动与焊接电源参数的集成化控制.提出连续参数控制和规划参数控制两种控制方法,建立了分层递阶结构的控制系统软件,实现了焊接过程的状态检测.结果表明,该控制系统适应性强,系统运行平稳可靠,能够很好的完成空间相贯线的焊接任务.     

大型相贯线埋弧焊接工艺研究及焊枪姿态建模

在分析了埋弧焊中焊枪姿态对焊接质量和焊缝成形影响的基础上,建立了焊缝焊枪的统一模型,并成功地将其应用于相贯线埋弧焊缝中,这样可以有效地减少相贯线埋弧焊接机器人控制过程中的运算量;通过对相贯线埋弧焊接过程中熔滴受力和熔池动态平衡的分析,总结出在大型相贯线埋弧焊接中的关键工艺参数,分析结果为大型相贯线埋弧焊接机器人的结构设计和控制算法设计提供了理论基础.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.