建设世界一流科技期刊的策略——基于Nature、Science、The Lancet和Cell的分析

【目的】 探索建设世界一流科技期刊的策略,以助力中国科技期刊冲刺世界一流水平。【方法】 通过研读相关政策和研究文献,结合对Nature、Science、The Lancet、Cell等不同类型的世界一流科技期刊的分析,解析世界一流科技期刊的概念及内涵,探讨建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件和必要条件,提出建设世界一流科技期刊的建议。【结果】 卓越的办刊理念、全方位的国际化水平、世界一流的人才队伍、先进的经营管理水平以及汇聚一流前沿成果、卓著的科学声望是建设世界一流科技期刊的必要条件。“高、精、尖”和“稳、准、狠”的办刊策略,是建设世界一流科技期刊的充分条件。建设世界一流科技期刊要理性且准确地认知其内涵,始终坚持卓越的办刊理念、国际化战略、人才战略、质量战略和集群化战略。【结论】 中国科技期刊既要扎根祖国大地,又要学习世界一流期刊的成功经验,从办刊的硬实力和软实力方面吸收借鉴,才能探索出具有中国特色的世界一流科技期刊建设路径。     

Medicine, landscapes, symbols: “The country Doctor” by Honoré de Balzac

This paper considers examples from research that has interpreted literary works including representations of topographical landscapes, in order to examine the geographical and social perspectives of the author, and of the society in which the author was living and working. We focus especially on the use of representations of therapeutic landscapes in literature to convey the author's perceptions of the aspects of social and physical environments that contribute to human well-being. The novel entitled The country Doctor (Le Médecin de campagne) by Honoré de Balzac, first published in 1833, is the particular focus of this paper and we consider this book in the context of the historical period when it was written and other novels of the period which also portray doctors and medicine in varying ways. We present an interpretation of Balzac's novel which focuses on four themes arising from the discussion in the introduction of this paper: the symbolic use of ideas of ‘therapeutic landscapes’ to represent the ‘heroic’ role of the doctor; the link between landscapes and ideas of medicine and health, corresponding to the Hippocratic heritage; the representation, through images of salubrious landscapes, of planning and economic development and the role of the leader; the significance of the contrast between the ‘therapeutic’ rural world and the unhealthy urban settings found in Paris. We conclude that The country Doctor is interesting because of the ways that it reflects the three aspects of landscape (physical, social and symbolic) that Gesler (1998. In: Kearns, R., Gesler W. (Eds.), Putting Health into Place: Landscape, Identity and Well-Being. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY, pp. 17–35 (Chapter 2)) has identified as central ‘therapeutic’ qualities. Not only does the book reflect a conceptual model of what a therapeutic landscape might be, but it also uses this landscape symbolically as an allegory for spiritual progress and redemption, and for medical and social advance. The novel represents a period of transition from traditional social values and prescientific medical theory towards modernization of society associated with the growing domination of medical science, which continued into the 20th century.     

《气象杂志》的中外气象科技交流探究

【目的】探究民国时期(1912—1949年)气象专业学术期刊对中外气象科技交流的作用,丰富近代科技期刊国际化研究成果,为期刊面向世界办刊提供历史经验。 【方法】 通过建立《气象杂志》题录数据库,提取科技交流指标,以最具特色的中外科技交流为对象,从版块、作者、来源等角度分析科技交流内容、形式及其贡献。 【结果】 《气象杂志》虽经历了较动荡的时期,但发行量显著增加,并且中外气象科技交流内容的占比达40%,体现出国际化的重要特征。 【结论】 《气象杂志》在传播中外气象科学新发明与新技术、传播中外气象建设新方向与新目标等方面具有重要贡献,气象科技期刊在民国时期承担了中外气象科学交流与传播的重要使命。     

高校科技期刊的业务流程再造实践——以《中国有色金属学报》为例

【目的】 在媒体融合的背景下,探索高校科技期刊获得良性、可持续发展的业务流程再造方案。【方法】 通过问卷调查法和深度访谈法,对《中国有色金属学报》学术用户的实际需求进行诊断分析,并依据《中国有色金属学报》一年内的业务流程再造实践,总结和设计普适性较强的高校科技期刊业务流程再造方案。【结果】 《中国有色金属学报》在学术用户群体服务与管理、学术资源挖掘和利用、缩短出版周期和媒体融合等方面进行业务流程再造并取得了显著成效。【结论】 高校科技期刊要想谋求新的发展和突破,必须基于用户日益增长的学术需求进行业务拓展,同时基于技术和机制,与时俱进地进行业务流程再造。     

Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Selenastrum capricornutum , Chlorella vulgaris , Lemna gibba , Daphnia magna , and Daphnia pulicaria

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an anthropogenic compound found in trace amounts in many environmental compartments far from areas of production. This, along with the highly persistent nature of PFOS, presents a concern for possible effects in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of PFOS in representative freshwater organisms. Toxicity testing using standard laboratory protocols was performed on the green algae Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris, the floating macrophyte Lemna gibba, and the invertebrates Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulicaria. No observable effect concentration (NOEC) values were generated from the most sensitive endpoints for all organisms. Autotroph inhibition of growth NOEC values were 5.3, 8.2, and 6.6 mg/L for S. capricornutum, C. vulgaris, and L. gibba, respectively. The 48-h immobility NOEC values for D. magna and D. pulicaria were 0.8 and 13.6 mg/L, respectively. In comparison to immobility, the 21-day lethality NOEC for D. magna was 5.3 mg/L. Based on effect (immobility) values, the most sensitive of all test organisms was D. magna. The most sensitive organism based on 50% inhibition of growth (IC₅₀) was L. gibba, with an IC₅₀ value of 31.1 mg/L determined from wet weight. This is 4.3 times less than the LC₅₀ for D. pulicaria, which was 134 mg/L. Significant adverse effects (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for all organisms in concentrations >134 mg/L. The results indicate that under laboratory conditions PFOS is acutely toxic to freshwater organisms at concentrations at or near 100 mg/L. Based on known environmental concentrations of PFOS, which occur in the low ng/L to low μg/L range, there is no apparent risk to freshwater systems. However, further work is required to investigate long-term effects in these and other freshwater organisms. Received: 2 May 2002/Accepted: 29 July 2002     

广西地区人群gstM1和gstT1编码基因型多态性与肝细胞癌易感性分析

目的探讨解毒酶基因gstM1和gstT1的空白基因型（null）与黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）相关肝细胞癌（HCC）的易感性。方法应用聚合酶链反应技术对广西地区AFB1高污染区140例HCC患者和536例对照人群的gstM1和gstT1基因多态性进行检测，进行以医院为基础的病例对照研究。结果①gstM1-present基因型和gstT1-present基因型为HCC保护基因型，而二者的null基因型为HCC风险基因型，其校正OR值（95％CI）分别为2．07（1．20～3．57）和1．44（0．85～2．45）；②在同时有gstM1和gstT1两个基因缺失的个体中其患癌风险比单一缺失者大（校正OR=2．43，95％CI：1．19～4．97）；③gstM1-和gstT1-null基因型与AFB1暴露程度在HCC发病中具有协同作用，从中低度至高度AFB1暴露时，其校正OR值（95％CI）分别升高达12．76（5．38～30．24）和7．82（3．61～16．90）。结论解毒酶基因gstM1和gstT1多态性与HCC易感性相关，二者的null基因型均增加患HCC风险，二者同时出现时患HCC风险更为明显；gstM1和gstT1的null基因型在HCC发病中与AFB1暴露程度呈正相关。     

Synthesis, photochemical E (trans) → Z (cis) isomerization and antimicrobial activity of 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine-3-olefin derivatives

2-Chloro-5-methylpyridine-3-olefin derivatives (3a-e) have been synthesized from 2-chloro-5-methylnicotinaldehyde (1) and studied their photochemical E (trans) → Z (cis) isomerization upon direct irradiation and triplet sensitized excitation for the first time. The triplet sensitized excitations of the compounds yielded high Z (4a–e) isomer composition, whereas the direct excitation results in less Z (4a–e) isomer composition, indicating triplet pathway is very efficient in converting the E (trans) → Z (cis) isomer. Thus synthesized E (3a–c and 3e) and generated Z (4a–c and 4e) isomers were tested for antimicrobial activity. Antifungal activity of these pyridine derivatives are closely comparable to the standard used.     

河北省2001-2013年长爪沙鼠疫源地长爪沙鼠密度相关因素分析

目的 探讨2001-2013年河北省长爪沙鼠疫源地长爪沙鼠密度在不同年份、月份和生境上的分布及其相互间关系。方法 对2001-2013年河北省国家级和省级两个长爪沙鼠疫源地相关长爪沙鼠监测数据进行分析;以年为观察单位,定义鼠密度≥1.00只/公顷时为高危年组、0.20～1.00只/公顷时为预警年组、≤0.20只/公顷时为标准年组,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验按年份组比较长爪沙鼠生境、月份分布的差异,并对这些变量进行多重对应分析。结果 2001-2005年河北省长爪沙鼠疫源地连续5年长爪沙鼠密度>1.00只/公顷,2005年之后长爪沙鼠密度呈下降趋势,但2008和2013两年长爪沙鼠密度在0.20～1.00只/公顷之间。生境分布分析显示,3个年份组的不同生境长爪沙鼠密度分布均不同,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,3组鼠密度M均为耕地最高,而高危年的荒地极大值最高,为20.50只/公顷。月份分布显示,高危年和标准年的不同月份鼠密度分布不同,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而预警年鼠密度月份分布差异无统计学意义。多重对应分析可见动物鼠疫高危年与荒地、4月份和6月份有较强聚集;预警年与耕地、7月份有关联。结论 河北省长爪沙鼠疫源地长爪沙鼠鼠密度>1.00只/公顷时提示动物鼠疫流行的危险性增加。应根据长爪沙鼠的分布特点,对耕地和荒地以及4和6月份加强监测,防止动物鼠疫的流行。