鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组页岩气吸附特征及影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组在绥德地区发育一套潜在的烃源岩,总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量为0.75%~5.71%(平均2.75%); 镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.43%~2.12%(平均1.80%),处在高成熟—过成熟阶段,具有很好的生气潜力。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组泥页岩的吸附特征,选取了研究区SSD1井10个泥页岩样品进行等温吸附、总有机碳含量、镜质体反射率、X-射线衍射和比表面积等测试分析,在此基础上探讨了盆地东部太原组富有机质泥页岩的吸附能力及其影响因素。结果表明: 研究区SSD1井太原组10个泥页岩样品的兰氏体积为1.11~2.41 m³/t,随着压力的增加,吸附能力迅速增加,当达到一定压力后达到饱和; 泥页岩的吸附能力与总有机碳含量和黏土矿物含量有正相关关系; 页岩比表面积与兰氏体积相关性不明显,推测样品孔隙大小及形态对气体的扩散和吸附有一定的影响。综合评价认为,总有机碳含量、黏土矿物含量是影响太原组泥页岩吸附能力的重要因素,这为盆地东部页岩气勘探提供参考。     

桂中坳陷西北部下石炭统岩关组泥页岩储层特征研究:以环页1井为例

桂中坳陷西北部地区下石炭统岩关组泥页岩沉积厚度大,生烃条件好,是页岩气勘探重要的目标层之一。以环页1井为例,通过镜下观察、有机地球化学分析、矿物含量分析、物性分析和等温吸附实验,分析了岩关组泥页岩的有机地球化学特征、岩石矿物学特征、储集特征和含气性特征。结果表明,岩关组泥页岩有机质类型属于Ⅰ~Ⅱ1型,总有机碳质量分数平均为1.34%,热演化程度(Ro)较高,平均达3.03%。矿物成分以石英、方解石和黏土矿物为主,具有高石英、低黏土矿物、低碳酸盐矿物的组成特征,脆性矿物含量高,黏土矿物以伊利石为主,已进入中成岩B期。泥页岩主要发育黏土矿物层间孔、有机质孔及微裂缝,具有良好的储、渗条件。泥页岩具有低孔低渗的特征,w(TOC)、石英含量和孔隙度三者之间存在着良好的正相关性,碳酸盐矿物成分的增多导致孔隙度降低,增多的伊利石和高岭石对孔隙度有贡献作用。甲烷吸附气含量平均为1.16m3/t,泥页岩甲烷吸附量随着孔隙度的增加而增加,w(TOC)和Ro共同影响着泥页岩的吸附能力,过高的成熟度降低了泥页岩的吸附能力。     

四川盆地长宁—威远页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组泥页岩吸附特征及影响因素分析

针对四川盆地长宁—威远页岩气示范区志留系龙马溪组泥页岩吸附气量大(70%~80%)的特性,对该页岩气区11口井龙马溪组优质页岩段的岩心样品作X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和等温吸附分析测试,结合大量泥页岩含气量实测数据,统计分析及评价表明:研究区地层因素中,生烃条件如总有机碳含量(0.17%~4.3%)、有机质类型(Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型)和成熟度(2.4%~3.0%),以及储层条件如矿物成分、孔隙体积(3%~6%)、孔隙结构(中孔为主)和湿度,主要是通过改变页岩气生成量和吸附活性表面的大小而产生影响;外部因素如温度和压力主要是通过改变气体分子的活化能和结合能而对泥页岩吸附能力产生一定的影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组页岩气吸附特征及影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组在绥德地区发育一套潜在的烃源岩,总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量为0.75%~5.71%(平均2.75%);镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.43%~2.12%(平均1.80%),处在高成熟-过成熟阶段,具有很好的生气潜力。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组泥页岩的吸附特征,选取了研究区SSD1井10个泥页岩样品进行等温吸附、总有机碳含量、镜质体反射率、X-射线衍射和比表面积等测试分析,在此基础上探讨了盆地东部太原组富有机质泥页岩的吸附能力及其影响因素。结果表明:研究区SSD1井太原组10个泥页岩样品的兰氏体积为1.11~2.41m3/t,随着压力的增加,吸附能力迅速增加,当达到一定压力后达到饱和;泥页岩的吸附能力与总有机碳含量和黏土矿物含量有正相关关系;页岩比表面积与兰氏体积相关性不明显,推测样品孔隙大小及形态对气体的扩散和吸附有一定的影响。综合评价认为,总有机碳含量、黏土矿物含量是影响太原组泥页岩吸附能力的重要因素,这为盆地东部页岩气勘探提供参考。     

川南地区龙马溪组页岩有机质特征及其对页岩含气量的影响

四川盆地南部地区广泛发育下古生界寒武系、志留系等多套海相页岩层,其中龙马溪组是该区页岩气勘探开发的重点目标层。根据钻井岩心资料,通过有机碳、热解、碳同位素、等温吸附等地球化学实验分析,对川南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质特征及其对页岩含气量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,川南地区龙马溪组页岩有机碳含量较高(平均1.53%),有机质类型较好(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型),热演化程度高(Ro为1.94%~2.42%),且页岩含气量较高(平均1.85m3/t)。页岩有机质特征是影响页岩含气量的主要因素,有机质丰度、有机质类型和热演化程度三者共同决定了川南地区龙马溪组页岩的含气量。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段暗色泥页岩吸附特征及其影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段在研究区志丹-甘泉地区主要为一套深湖相暗色泥岩和页岩沉积,其TOC含量高、有机质类型主要为Ⅱ1型、Ro多在0.6%~1.2%,是该盆地已发现大量油藏的主要源岩。为了探讨长7段富有机质泥页岩的吸附特征,选取了研究区长7段16块泥页岩样品进行了等温吸附、总有机碳含量、X-衍射、热成熟度及液氮吸附等配套分析测试,在此基础上探讨了长7段陆相富有机质泥页岩的吸附能力及其影响因素。结果表明:研究区长7段泥页岩的兰氏体积为0.56~4.43m3/t,随着压力的增大,吸附能力迅速增加,当增至一定程度,达到饱和后,将不再增加;泥页岩的吸附能力与有机碳含量、黏土矿物含量、比表面和孔体积具有正相关关系;与许多海相泥页岩相反,研究区陆相泥页岩的吸附能力与石英含量呈负相关关系,这可能与石英来源不同有关,陆相泥页岩的石英为陆源碎屑成因;泥页岩的吸附能力与热成熟度在Ro0.9%左右时呈负相关,而后当Ro0.9%时呈正相关关系。综合评价认为,TOC含量、黏土矿物含量是影响泥页岩吸附能力最重要的因素,而比表面是最直接的因素。     

辽西金羊盆地下侏罗统北票组页岩气地球化学特征及其成因

金岭寺-羊山盆地(金羊盆地)是中国北方侏罗系发育最完备的地区之一,盆地内充填的下侏罗统北票组为一套湖相泥岩,具有良好的油气潜力。在金羊盆地章吉营子凹陷西缘布置实施的4口地质调查井中,有3口井见油气显示。通过对SZK2及SZK3钻井岩心进行现场解析,北票组泥页岩在浅层测试到可观的页岩气含量,且随着深度的变化,总含气量及甲烷含量有所增加。另外,其总含气量与有机碳含量呈良好的正相关关系,是影响页岩含气量的关键因素。对比金羊盆地北票组泥页岩吸附气C同位素特征,其气体成因主要存在生物成因气和煤型气2种类型,表明下侏罗统北票组页岩气具有混合多成因的特征。通过X衍射分析综合评价,金羊盆地下侏罗统北票组泥页岩压裂条件好、天然气吸附能力强,具备一定的页岩气勘探前景,是有利的页岩气勘探开发新层系。     

柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷侏罗系泥页岩地球化学特征及储集条件——以柴页1井为例

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡凹陷发育的侏罗系泥页岩是中国北方陆相页岩气勘探的目的层系之一。为进一步明确鱼卡凹陷侏罗系泥页岩地化-储集条件,系统采集了柴页1井泥页岩岩心样品,开展了总有机碳、热解氢指数、镜质体反射率、孔隙度和渗透率、扫描电镜、矿物组成及等温吸附特征实验分析。结果表明,柴页1井中侏罗统大煤沟组泥页岩有机质类型和成熟度利于有机质孔隙发育,较高的总有机碳含量利于页岩气富集;粘土矿物的存在虽然抑制了泥页岩微孔隙的发育,但对其吸附能力有促进作用。鱼卡凹陷具有良好的页岩气生成和储集条件,是页岩气勘探的有利地区。     

地层温压条件下页岩储层的甲烷吸附能力

页岩气是赋存于泥页岩中的自生自储天然气,其赋存形式具有多样性,包括游离态、吸附态和少量的溶解态。其中吸附态是页岩气的主要赋存方式,占到页岩气总含量20%~85%。页岩吸附气含气量是计算页岩气资源量的关键性参数,是评价泥页岩是否具有开采价值的重要标准。国内外学者针对不同地区不同类型泥页岩做了大量的等温吸附实验,然而等温吸附实验只能开展恒定温度下的页岩吸附实验,不能研究任意温度下页岩气吸附能力。笔者选取渝东南地区4口井8个龙马溪组泥页岩样品开展气体(CH4、N2、CO2)吸附实验、有机碳含量分析、X-衍射岩矿分析、SEM扫描电镜实验,研究页岩吸附甲烷能力的主要控制因素。在高过成熟阶段,丰富的有机质发育大量的微孔隙,使得页岩对气体的吸附能力增加;在地下页岩储层含水条件下,黏土矿物主要吸附水,而有机质由于具有亲油气性,使得页岩气绝大部分吸附在页岩有机质表面,且有机质吸附甲烷等量吸附热远大于黏土矿物,因此页岩吸附甲烷最重要的内部控制因素是有机碳含量。甲烷等温吸附实验表明,随温度升高页岩吸附量显著降低,随压力增加,页岩吸附量增加,当压力达到一定值时,页岩吸附量不再随压力的增加而增加,最大甲烷吸附量随温度具有线性降低的趋势,且兰氏压力的对数与温度的倒数有很好的线性关系。基于兰氏方程,以甲烷等温吸附实验数据为基础,利用多元线性回归的方法,建立兰氏体积与w(TOC)、温度的关系及兰氏压力与温度的关系,带入兰氏方程,建立温度压力耦合控制下的扩展兰氏方程,进而计算地层温度压力条件下页岩储层吸附甲烷能力。结果表明:随深度增加,在温度压力耦合控制下,泥页岩吸附甲烷能力先增加后降低,800~1350m达到最大吸附能力;浅层压力对页岩吸附甲烷能力起主要作用,随深度的增加温度对页岩吸附甲烷能力控制作用增强;随w(TOC)增大,富有机质页岩吸附甲烷能力增加,达到最大吸附能力时的深度也随之增加。当页岩有机碳含量为1%时,页岩最大甲烷吸附量为1.6m3/t,当页岩有机碳含量为3%时,页岩最大甲烷吸附量为2.5m3/t,每增加2%的w(TOC)页岩最大吸附能力大约增加1 m3/t。     

潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征及其对含气量的影响

潘谢矿区是安徽省淮南煤田重要的深部煤炭生产矿区,其石炭-二叠系煤系地层具有丰富的天然气资源。应用有机碳、热解、显微组分定量、等温吸附等实验分析数据,对潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征与含气量进行研究,并利用梯度下降算法建立了含气量与有机碳含量(TOC)和有机质成熟度(Ro)的多元线性模型。结果表明:潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩TOC较高(平均为1.20%),有机质类型为Ⅲ型,成熟度Ro为0.75%~1.12%,处于成熟阶段,页岩含气量较高(平均为1.93 m 3/t)。多元线性模型表明,煤系页岩TOC和Ro的增加会有利于页岩气生成,但Ro对含气量的影响更为明显。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)