小波理论和分形理论相结合对高速自动机的故障诊断方法

因为高速自动机的工作环境比较特殊,小波理论和分形理论相结合的故障诊断方法应运而生,力求提高故障状态的分辨率和诊断效率.运用小波理论对其初始特征振动信号进行降噪处理和小波多分辨率分解,小波包分解处理分析故障状态表现的不同特征,进行定性的故障诊断,计算所得信号的分形维数量化故障特征,进行定量的故障诊断,实现故障类型的判别及确定故障的敏感频带.     

基于EEMD与矩阵分形的自动机故障诊断方法

针对自动机振动响应信号非线性、瞬态和冲击特性,提出基于聚合经验模态分解(EEMD)和矩阵分形相结合的自动机故障诊断方法。首先对采集到的自动机各种工况信号采用EEMD分解的方法对其进行分解,通过对分解得到的固有模态函数(IMF)分量信号进行广义维数计算,得到每个工况广义维数分形矩阵,发现不同工况下的分形矩阵有较大差别。通过计算待检测信号与样本信号之间的的相关系数,采用折线图进行直观比较,确定待检测信号的故障类别。验证了该方法能有效地应用在自动机故障诊断中。     

基于非线性关联维特征提取的机械自动化监测系统

提取天然气压缩机故障状态下振动信号的故障特征是设计机械自动化检测系统的核心技术。提出一种基于非线性关联维特征提取的机械自动化监测系统设计方法,在故障诊断原理基础上,进行故障振动信号时间序列分析,设计故障振动信号相空间重构方法,改进了相空间重构最佳时延和嵌入维数参数计算的关键技术,通过提取关联维故障特征,在Simulink平台上设计了自动化监测系统。系统实验结果表明,该算法和系统能使各类故障状态下提取的关联维特征的标准差显著性降低,特征分布聚类能力明显提高,系统能有效检测各类故障,实现了机械设备的自动化监测,在自动化故障诊断仪表设计等领域具有较好的工程实践价值。     

关联维数在高速列车运行状态评估中的应用研究

基于监测数据评估高速列车空气弹簧和横向减振器等关键部件的运行状态,针对车体横向加速度振动信号,本文提出了关联维数的列车状态评估方法,分析了车体横向振动特征,对时域信号进行了频谱分析,并进一步分析了关联维数。为了计算关联维数,需先对信号进行相空间重构,然后求出重构相空间的两个关键参数;用互信息量方法[1]求出最佳延迟时间和用CAO [2]方法求出最佳嵌入维数。通过对监测数据的关联维数分析,证明了该列车在四种不同标准状态下的工况具有明显不同的关联维数特征。因此,按照关联维数的大小,就可诊断出列车可能出现的故障。研究结果表明,关联维数分析方法在设备状态监测与故障诊断中,尤其是在非线性系统的故障诊断中显示出其独特的优势,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

基于小波变换的自动机故障诊断

对自动机故障诊断特点和方法进行分析,并举例介绍了小波变换在自动机故障诊断中的应用。利用小波变换对自动机信号进行分解,重构以及提取信号包络谱,快速准确判断出自动机设备运行状态是否异常,比传统方法更有效。     

敏感SVD和EEMD的故障诊断方法研究

在噪声干扰下有效提取振动信号所包含的微弱故障特征,是轴承故障诊断的关键问题,提出了一种基于敏感奇异值分解(SSVD)和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的故障诊断方法.对时域振动信号进行敏感SVD分析,通过敏感因子选择反映故障冲击特征的敏感SVD分量,并利用定位因子定位分量信号所对应奇异值进行振动信号重构,以滤除噪声干扰;对降噪信号进行EEMD,根据峭度准则选取故障信息丰富的敏感固有模态分量(IMF),有效提取局部微弱故障信息;利用Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)计算故障信息的瞬时能量,并对其进行频谱分析,获取故障特征频率,以识别故障类型.方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验证明了所提方法的有效性.     

高速列车转向架振动信号多重分形特征提取与故障诊断

高速列车转向架关键部件故障会引起列车在运行过程中的振动异常,严重时危机运行安全。为了及时发现转向架故障,提出了一种转向架多重分形联合特征的提取方案,用转向架振动信号的多重分形谱宽、分形维数差、多重分形谱熵、广义维数谱距和广义维数谱均值作为联合特征向量,识别转向架不同状态,从而实现转向架故障诊断。实验表明,转向架监测信号的联合特征向量能够准确识别出列车故障状态,识别率高达92％以上。     

减速离合器噪音在线检测系统设计

减速离合器运行时所产生的振动,含有加工、安装、运行损伤状态等故障信息,设计了以工控机和PCI高速数据采集板卡为核心、高精度加速度传感器为外围器件的减速离合器噪音在线检测系统。提出了应用小波包对振动信号进行分解与重构的方法。实现了减速离合器的在线故障诊断。实际应用结果表明,该方法用于减速离合器的故障检测效果明显。     

基于卷积自编码神经网络的航空发动机轴承故障诊断方法研究

航空发动机轴承早期故障多是由于裂纹、疲劳剥落和保持架损坏造成的,这类型的故障在发动机振动信号中均会产生瞬时的冲击;但是,在早期故障中,振动信号由于夹杂过多部件耦合激励,缺陷冲击信号很难辨识,早期故障诊断十分困难;采用了基于卷积自编码网络的航空发动机轴承早期冲击故障特征提取方法,通过分析信号中冲击成分的周期性,利用卷积自编码网络的平移不变学习特性,自动捕获信号中的周期成分,将信号分解为由卷积核重构的多个特征分量,实现信号特征分量的自学习,考虑到峭度指标对信号冲击成分描述的特点,使用峭度指标作为最优特征分量的选取指标,进而实现早期冲击故障特征的提取;最后利用仿真数据和轴承数据验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于多维特征评价的风机齿轮箱早期故障诊断

为了及时有效地诊断风机齿轮箱早期微弱故障,针对齿轮箱微弱故障信号非线性、非平稳、低幅值、低信噪比的特点,提出一种基于多维特征评价的风机齿轮箱早期故障诊断方法.首先,利用变分模态分解将原始振动信号分解为多个固有模态分量,并构建“信息熵-峭度-包络谱峭度”多维特征评价模型,结合熵权法筛选关键特征分量以重构信号;其次,运用改进的小波阈值法降低噪声干扰对重构信号的影响,得到显著的故障冲击特征;再者,使用宽度学习系统进行状态识别,并利用$L_{21     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。