架桥机移动模架销轴断裂分析

通过断口分析、化学成分分析、非金属夹杂物检验、力学性能测试、金相检验以及销轴受力及焊接工艺分析,对移动模架销轴的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头结构设计或焊接工艺不当,形成粗大马氏体组织缺陷或裂纹,是造成该轴脆性断裂的主要原因,并提出了预防措施。     

304不锈钢编码器小轴断裂原因

某304不锈钢编码器小轴在服役时发生断裂。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,对该编码器小轴断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：该编码器小轴断裂位置位于连接杆一侧的焊接热影响区;编码器连接杆一侧母材的碳元素含量偏高,组织中存在大量长条状非金属夹杂物,导致其力学性能较差,在较大的外力冲击作用下,该编码器小轴发生了脆性断裂。     

U75V焊接钢轨线路铺设时的断裂原因分析

某铁道线路进行大修换轨铺设新轨时,一支采用闪光焊接工艺焊接的长500m的钢轨在中部位置的焊缝附近发生横向断裂,采用宏观检验、化学成分分析,断口分析及微观组织分析等方法对钢轨断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：钢轨的冶金质量良好,钢轨发生断裂主要是因为其轨头踏面表层形成的马氏体组织在铺轨时的弯曲拉应力作用下,产生裂纹并快速扩展,导致钢轨发生脆性断裂;钢轨焊接时出现了高接头,为保证焊接钢轨的平直度对其进行了打磨,但打磨工艺控制不良,从而导致钢轨轨头踏面局部产生高温,发生马氏体组织转变。     

M5-36-11 No.20.5风机轴断裂分析

采用宏微观检验、化学分析和显微硬度检测等方法对风机轴的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明，该轴断裂是由于轴表面存在焊接缺陷，在旋转弯曲应力作用下产生应力疲劳开裂。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管焊接接头断裂原因分析

某飞机用1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管在进行弯曲疲劳试验时焊接接头发生断裂。通过宏观分析、微观分析、金相检验等方法,对焊接接头的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:焊接结构不合理(焊接热影响区处于截面过渡位置),是导致该1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管焊接接头疲劳寿命降低的主要原因;焊接区域存在未焊透情况,需要对焊接工艺进行优化。     

X80管线钢埋弧焊接头冲击韧性及其断口形貌分析

对X80管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头进行了-80～20℃温度范围的夏比冲击实验。测试了其冲击吸收功和脆性断面率,用扫描电镜观察了其断口形貌,分析了焊接接头断裂形式和断口形貌,讨论了焊接接头的韧脆转变温度和冲击断裂的力学行为。结果表明,室温时断口为韧窝状分布,焊接接头的韧脆转变温度为-28℃;断口形貌由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变,断口主要表现为解理断裂。     

汽车板簧的断裂分析

汽车板簧在路试中出现早期疲劳断裂。采用化学成分分析、硬度测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法对断裂的汽车板簧进行了分析。结果表明,焊接时,飞溅的熔滴在板簧表面形成烧伤坑并形成淬火马氏体及淬火裂纹,在路试中产生应力集中而成为疲劳源,在交变应力作用下使裂纹扩展而最终断裂。     

摩托车减振器断裂失效分析

摩托车在行驶过程中发生减振器断裂失效。采用断口分析及金相分析方法对摩托车后减振器断裂原因进行了分析。得出产生断裂的主要原因是由于焊接工艺不当造成严重的未焊透，致使焊接区强度降低，摩托车在行驶过程中遇到侧向冲击应力时使减振器发生脆性解理断裂。     

磷脱氧铜无缝管断裂原因分析

用ＳＥＭ等方法对电冰箱压缩机用磷脱氧无缝铜管异常断裂进行了分析。结果表明，夹杂物局部偏聚是铜管断裂的内在原因，焊接时产生的热应力及弯曲变形是铜管断裂的外部诱发因素。有效的改进措施是严格控制杂质含量、将高温焊接工艺改为低温焊接工艺。     

钼铜扩散焊接接头界面显微组织

采用扩散焊接方法对钼铜异种材料进行了焊接,研究了直接焊接和加镍作为中间层焊接对焊接接头界面显微组织的影响,通过SEM、EDS、EPMA、XRD等测试方法对其显微结构进行了表征.结果表明,直接焊接时,焊接界面结合紧密,Mo、Cu原子之间相互扩散形成扩散层,接头断裂发生在扩散层,由于柯肯达尔效应作用,在铜侧形成少量孔洞,孔洞的存在使焊接接头性能降低;加镍中间层焊接时,接头抗拉强度高于直接焊接时抗拉强度,Mo/Ni和Ni/Cu界面结合紧密,Mo/Ni界面形成固溶体层,接头断裂发生在Mo/Ni界面处,断口呈典型的脆性断裂特征.     

BT20钛合金激光焊接接头的断裂韧性研究

对BT20钛合金及其激光焊接接头的断裂韧性进行了研究.同时分析了合金及激光焊接接头的硬度分布及显微组织.断裂实验表明,除了一个焊接接头紧凑拉伸(CT)试样是脆性启裂外,其它CT试样均在裂纹延性启裂并缓慢扩展后,发生脆性失稳断裂.母材的断裂韧性明显高于焊接接头,轧制方向对母材断裂韧性的影响不明显.焊接热影响区的断裂韧性介于母材和焊缝金属之间.本研究采用的焊后热处理没有改善焊接接头的断裂韧性,还有进一步恶化的趋势.添加活性剂对焊缝金属的断裂韧性没有明显作用,但对延性裂纹扩展长度有所改善.     

THE INFLUENCE OF SOFT ROOT ON FRACTURE BEHAVIORS OF HIGH-STRENGTH, LOW-ALLOYED (HSLA) STEEL WELDMENTS

The presence of different microstructures along the precrack fatigue front has an important effect on the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). This value is the relevant parameter for safe service of a welded structure. For a specimen with a through-thickness notch partly in the weld metal, partly in the heat-affected zone, and partly in the base material (i.e., using the composite-notched specimen), fracture behavior strongly depends on the proportion of ductile base material, size, and distribution of the mismatching factor along the vicinity of the crack front.     

Failure of a Bucket-Wheel Stacker Reclaimer: Metallographic and Structural Analyses

The structural collapse of an iron-ore bucket-wheel stacker reclaimer at the beginning of operation was investigated by means of mechanical tests, microstructural characterization, and computational structural analysis. The mechanical failure was a consequence of a brittle fracture by cleavage. The crack followed the heat-affected zone of a welded joint connecting a rectangular hollow section member and a plate flange. The main factors contributing to failure were related with a combination of design-in and manufacturing-in factors like high load?Cstrength ratio at the point of failure, local stress concentration as a result of geometry restrictions, and weld defects. This particular section was responsible for the load transfer between the front tie member and the boom extremity, and its failure was the main cause of the catastrophic failure of the equipment.     

随焊冲击碾压对LY12CZ铝合金接头组织和性能的影响

随焊冲击碾压是一种控制薄壁结构焊接应力变形、防止热裂纹的新方法.这种方法同时也改善了LY12CZ铝合金接头组织,提高了其力学性能.金相和拉伸断口SEM观察表明,随焊冲击碾压焊缝区晶粒明显细化,组织更加致密,气孔、缩松等缺陷大大减少.与常规焊接接头拉伸断口脆性和塑性断裂特征并存相比,随焊冲击碾压焊缝断口形貌呈现典型的塑性断裂的特征.随焊冲击碾压之后,接头区的硬度有了明显提高,表明接头软化区重新得到强化.而拉伸、疲劳和三点弯曲实验结果表明,随焊冲击碾压之后接头的抗拉强度、塑性及疲劳寿命等力学性能也都得到不同程度的提高.由于薄弱的焊趾部位得到强化,裂纹萌生位置也由焊趾转移到焊缝.     

不同焊接节点构造形式钢框架整体抗震性能分析

为系统全面地对比不同构造形式对于焊接节点钢框架抗震性能的影响,该文采用通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立多尺度钢框架非线性有限元模型,应用国内外典型试验结果,验证了精细模型和多尺度有限元模型的准确性和等效性。通过建立9种不同节点构造形式的钢框架多尺度模型,进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析,与标准型节点框架在结构变形、基底剪力、塑性耗能、断裂倾向指数等方面进行对比分析,深入探讨不同节点构造形式对钢框架抗震性能的影响,为工程应用提供参考依据。分析结果表明:只要设计合理,局部构造差异对于结构变形的影响不大,不会引起刚度的突变进而对结构造成不利的影响;对于局部加强节点框架,没有造成基底剪力的增加(少数增加最大为6%),降低了结构的地震响应,这对于结构抵抗地震荷载起到有利作用;改变节点构造可以显著地改善节点焊接接头处的断裂倾向,减缓节点焊接处的应力集中现象,使得破坏发生在母材而不是焊缝处,进而发生延性破坏避免脆性破坏。     

TIG熔修对船体钢焊接接头低温脆断性能的影响

通过落锤试验，对经ＴＩＧ熔修和未经ＴＩＧ熔修的４４０ＭＰａ级、５９０ＭＰａ级船体用钢焊接接头的低温脆断特性进行了较为全面的研究。结果显示，ＴＩＧ熔修对不同钢种、不同形式接头的低温性能有着不尽相同的作用效果，其中４４０ＭＰａ级船体钢Ｔ型接头经熔修处理后，其低温脆断抗力得到了十分显著地提高。     

State‐of‐the‐art review on the local strain energy density concept and its relation to the J‐integral and peak stress method

The local average strain energy density (SED) approach has been proposed and elaborated by Lazzarin for strength assessments in respect of brittle fracture and high‐cycle fatigue. Pointed and rounded (blunt) V‐notches subjected to tensile loading (mode 1) are primarily considered. The method is systematically extended to multiaxial conditions (mode 3, mixed modes 1 and 2). The application to brittle fracture is documented for PMMA flat bar specimens with pointed or rounded V‐notches inclusive of U‐notches. Results for other brittle materials (ceramics, PVC, duraluminum and graphite) are also recorded. The application to high‐cycle fatigue comprises fillet‐welded joints, weld‐like shaped and V‐notched base material specimens as well as round bar specimens with a V‐notch. The relation of the local SED concept to comparable other concepts is investigated, among them the Kitagawa, Taylor and Atzori–Lazzarin diagrams, the Neuber concept of fictitious notch rounding applied to welded joints and also the J‐integral approach. Alternative details of the local SED concept such as a semicircular control volume, microrounded notches and slit‐parallel loading are also mentioned. Coarse FE meshes at pointed or rounded notch tips are proven to be acceptable for accurate local SED evaluations. The peak stress method proposed by Meneghetti, which is based on a notch stress intensity factor consideration combined with a globally even coarse FE mesh and is used for the assessment of the fatigue strength of welded joints, is also presented.     

汽车后驱动桥断裂失效分析

汽车后驱动桥由多个零件焊接而成,在行驶约790000 km时该零件发生断裂。通过宏观分析、显微组织分析、化学成分分析以及断口形貌分析后认为,该零件断裂性质为疲劳断裂,主要原因为被焊接的两个零件尺寸差异较大,局部形成应力集中,再加上焊接热影响区存在焊接应力和魏氏体组织,并在汽车行进中不断受到颠簸和震动造成该区域产生裂纹源,进而在运行一定时间后发生疲劳断裂。     

焊缝对拼焊板成形性能的影响

采用激光焊接技术对冷轧薄钢板进行拼焊,通过对拼焊板进行拉伸试验和模拟成形性能试验,研究分析了焊缝对拉伸性能参数和成形性能参数的影响,比较了拼焊板与母材性能的差异,分析了强度比和厚度比对塑性变形的影响及应变分布。     

Microstructure characterization of fractured steel beam-to-column connections

The failure of steel beam-to-column connections during the Northridge earthquake of January 1994 was both surprising and alarming to the structural engineering community. These steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs) are intended to behave in a ductile manner. However, in many steel buildings inspected in the Los Angeles area after the Northridge earthquake the connections exhibited brittle fracture. Despite recent laboratory testing of numerous large and small scale structural connections reasons for brittle fracture are still not clearly understood. Therefore, rational design methods to prevent or control brittle fracture in building structures have not been established. This paper investigates the contribution of the microstructure of welded connections to brittle failure. The various microstructures present in a fractured welded connection were characterized and their influence on crack initiation examined. The predominantly brittle failure is preceded in this case by a ductile crack which initiates in a brittle microstructure in the vicinity of the weld root, adjacent to the unfused backing bar.