贲门癌近端胃切除空肠间置术预防反流性食管炎

贲门癌行近端胃切除后传统的消化道重建方法是食管胃吻合术，但术后很多病人发生胃食管反流和反流性食管炎，严重影响生活质量。为探讨空肠间置术对预防反流性食管炎的效果，1995年10月至2003年10月，我们对部分贲门癌病人行近端胃切除后采用空肠间置的消化道重建术，并与同期施行的食管胃吻合术者进行对比分析，现报道如下。     

空肠间置术预防贲门癌术后反流性食管炎

目的　探讨贲门癌近端胃切除空肠间置术后预防反流性食管炎的效果。　方法　贲门癌近端胃切除空肠间置术患者 ,于术后作胃镜和消化道 X线钡餐造影 ,4 8例患者于术后 7天和 2～ 3个月行连续 2 4小时 p H值监测 ,以评价食管反流的情况。　结果　 6例术后出现反流性食管炎 ,发生率 9.68%。　结论　采用空肠间置术行消化道重建对预防贲门癌术后反流性食管炎具有良好的临床效果。     

贲门癌切除带蒂空肠间置预防反流性食管炎

贲门癌切除带蒂空肠间置预防反流性食管炎娄熙彬叶爱珍我们自１９９３年２月以来对３０例贲门癌患者，采用节段空肠间置食管残胃吻合术，以研究此种消化道重建术在预防反流性食管炎中的实用价值。本术式采用经腹胸骨下段劈开或上腹部正中切口。常规游离、切除食管下段和近...     

经腹全胃切除治疗胃癌170例临床分析

目的 探讨胃癌患者行全胃切除的适应证，合理手术入路的选择及术后消化道的重建方式，方法 复习经腹全胃切除术的170例胃癌患者的临床资料。结果 根治性全胃切除132例，姑息性全胃切除38例，联合脏器切除18例，全胃切除后采用食管空肠Roux-Y吻合重建消化道110例，间置空肠法重建消化道60例，食管空肠Roux-Y吻合发生倾倒综合征20例，返流性食管炎6例，间置空肠法重建消化道无一例发生，结论（1）胃癌尤其是胃底贲门癌采用经腹手术效果较好。（2）严格掌握手术适应证，采用全胃切除可提高胃癌患者的生存期及生存质量。（3）根治性全胃切除术后采用间置空肠重建消化道优于食管空肠Roux-Y法。     

回循式空肠间置术预防贲门癌根治术后反流性食管炎

贲门癌行近端胃切除食管胃吻合重建消化道术后，绝大部分患者会发生反流性食管炎，患者均有返酸、剑突下或胸骨后烧灼痛等临床表现，部分患者出现吞咽不畅、咽部疼痛等症状．更有患者术后远期并发上消化道大出血，严重者明显影响术后生存质量。为预防此并发症，我科将回循式空肠间置术用于贲门癌切除术后消化道重建，并以传统食管胃吻合法作对照，总结观察结果报道如下。     

全胃切除术后的两种消化道重建方式

目的:探讨全胃切除术后较为合理的消化道重建术式。方法:对2001年6月—2008年6月所施行的全胃切除术采用保留幽门空肠间置术和食管空肠Orr式Roux-en-y吻合术两种消化道重建术式,对其术后12个月无肿瘤复发的96例患者进行营养状况(体重、消化道症状及营养指标)观察对比。结果:术后12个月随访,两组间营养状况无明显差异(P0.05﹚,保留幽门空肠间置重建组较空肠食管Roux-en-y吻合术组倾倒综合症和返流性食管炎发生率更低。结论:保留幽门空肠间置重建术可作为早、中期上半部胃癌全胃切除术后重建时的优先术式,食管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术可作为全胃切除术后不能行保留幽门空肠间置重建术的有效补充。     

横结肠间置代胃治疗贲门癌胃癌

通过Ｘ线钡餐造影、食管镜检查与组织活检及随访，对２５例贲门癌、胃癌全胃切除后采用带蒂横结肠间置代胃术的病人进行临床研究，证实横结肠间置代胃有明显的食物贮存作用，并可预防或减少反流性食管炎。因此认为横结肠间置代胃是全胃切除后重建消化道的理想术式。     

全胃切除术后保留幽门环间置空肠消化道重建与食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的应用价值

目的评价全胃切除术后保留幽门环间置空肠消化道重建与食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合两种消化道重建方式的临床应用价值。方法总结30年来全胃切除术后采用保留幽门环间置空肠消化道重建术与食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗54例胃底贲门癌和胃体癌(Ⅰ期)患者的临床资料。结果间置空肠消化道重建术27例,无手术死亡;其中1例术后5d出现间置空肠排空障碍,经治疗3周恢复正常;27例均治愈出院;术后6个月～1年,全组均进食量增加,每餐可达200～300g,每日3～5餐;检查见间置空肠代偿性扩张,最大直径达6cm。食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术27例,无手术死亡;25例治愈出院;2例吻合口瘘,经治疗3周后瘘口愈合;术后6个月仍有3例发生倾倒综合征,5例出现轻度胆汁反流性食管炎。结论保留幽门环间置空肠消化道重建术是简单可行而有效的方法。食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术更为简单,适用于年老、重症或姑息性全胃切除的患者,但部分患者可出现倾倒综合征和反流性食管炎是其缺点。     

有关全胃切除消化道重建术的问题和评估

为了能更好地改善因全胃切除后产生的摄食减少、代谢障碍、体重减轻等营养不良，以及消化道功能障碍和反流性食管炎等问题，迄今已有很多种消化道重建术应用于临床．其术式大致可按是否构建空肠袋与食管吻合，是采用代胃Roux-en-Y抑或行代胃间置术予以分类。虽然目前对各种术式评价不一，但多数外科医师倾向于采用构建J形空肠袋与食管行Roux－en－Y吻合[1]。由于在全胃切除消化道重建术后即导致消化道解剖结构和生理功能相应的改变，因此，在临床选用某种术式时，应考虑这些改变在消化道重建术中所涉及的以下几个有关问题。 一、空肠袋代…     

胃癌全胃切除功能性间置空肠代胃术42例报告

目的:探讨功能性间置空肠代胃术在全胃切除术中的应用及效果,以减少并发症,提高患者生活质量.方法:对42例胃癌患者应用功能性间置空肠代胃术,并进行定期随访.结果:施此术式患者未发生食管空肠吻合口瘘、食管炎及无胃综合征等并发症,患者术后存活率高,精神、营养状况良好,恢复部分体力活动.结论:功能性间置空肠代胃术是值得推荐的全胃切除的消化道重建术.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。