低含量铁掺杂纳米TiO_2薄膜的制备及其抗菌机理研究

采用溶胶凝胶-浸渍提拉法,制备了玻璃基底上生长的Fe/TiO2薄膜.利用XRD、XPS、AFM等对样品进行表征,研究了铁掺杂对TiO2薄膜晶体结构和表面形貌的影响,并研究了不同掺铁量TiO2薄膜对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能.结果表明,铁掺杂TiO2薄膜的抗菌性能均优于纯TiO2薄膜,其中掺铁量为0.1%时薄膜的抗菌性能最佳,高达98%.     

稀土掺杂混晶TiO2薄膜的制备和性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法在瓷片表面制备了纯的和少量Eu3 掺杂的TiO2薄膜,并用X-射线衍射技术对样品进行了表征。研究了少量Eu3 掺杂对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性的影响。利用相结构与TiO2薄膜光催化活性关系,探讨了少量Eu3 掺杂对TiO2薄膜的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,与纯TiO2薄膜相比,适量掺杂Eu3 可以显著提高其光催化活性。当Eu3 的质量分数为0.02%,TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最佳,降解率为62%,金红石相质量分数为17.2%,平均晶粒粒径为20 nm;Eu3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变并减小了晶粒尺寸,有利于提高光催化活性。     

稀土联合掺杂TiO2离子存储薄膜的制备及性能

以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铈和硝酸钐为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在ITO导电玻璃基片表面制备了Ce,Sm掺杂摩尔分数为2%的Ti O2离子存储薄膜。采用XRD、SEM、循环伏安曲线、紫外-可见透射光谱等技术手段,研究了薄膜的结构、电化学性能和光学性能。结果表明,Ce,Sm掺杂Ti O2薄膜粒度均匀且颗粒细小,相比纯Ti O2薄膜具有更高的无定形程度。在电致变色反应过程中,Ce、Sm掺杂Ti O2薄膜离子存储能力强、循环可逆性好,注入电荷密度为15.12 m C·cm-2,K值为0.7。薄膜具有较好的光学透明度,不同外加电压下薄膜的透射率均在80%左右,可以在电致变色玻璃中作为离子存储材料。     

预涂镧盐的二氧化钛薄膜制备和性能

在玻璃表面预涂一层硝酸镧掺杂的TiO2薄膜.研究了镧盐掺杂对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性的影响.利用相结构与TiO2薄膜光催化活性关系,探讨了镧盐掺杂对TiO2薄膜的光催化活性的影响.结果表明,与纯TiO2薄膜相比,适量掺杂镧盐可以显著提高其光催化活性.当预涂w(硝酸镧)为0.3%溶液时,TiO2薄膜的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.56%,镧盐强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸,这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

二氧化钛介孔材料的制备

基于溶胶-凝胶过程,以十六烷基溴化铵为模板剂,合成了TiO2以及V/Ce/F-TiO2 介孔材料。利用XRD、Ｎ２吸附、TEM、TG-DTA和UV-Vis DRS等手段表征了材料的晶相组成、晶粒尺寸、介孔结构、热稳定性及吸光性能。通过系统研究表明,延长凝胶时间和优化陈化工艺可以得到TiO2介孔材料。TiO2和V/Ce/F/TiO2的平均孔径为3.1～5.1 nm,最大比表面积可达189 m2/g。焙烧温度大于450 ℃脱除模板剂时可引起孔道的塌陷,而掺杂V/Ce/F后可稳定材料的介孔结构。相对于纯TiO2光催化剂,掺杂V/F的TiO2吸光带边红移至可见光区。     

TiO2/In2S3复合薄膜的制备及光电化学性能研究

首先采用水热法在FTO(SnO2:F)透明导电玻璃衬底上合成TiO2纳米片阵列,继而在TiO2纳米片表面水热制备In2 S3纳米颗粒形成TiO2/In2 S3复合薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光吸收谱以及三电极光电化学测试系统对复合薄膜的晶相、微观形貌、光学性能和光电性能进行了表征和分析.结果表明,随着In2 S3水热生长时间的延长,复合薄膜的光吸收性能逐步延伸到可见光区域.光电化学(PEC)测试结果表明光照条件下,TiO2/In2S3复合薄膜的电流显著提高,是TiO2纳米片阵列电流的4.2倍.     

铁铈共掺杂TiO2纳米复合体的制备及光催化性能

采用微乳法制备了纯TiO2纳米粉体、Fe掺杂TiO2(Fe-TiO2)、Ce掺杂TiO2(Ce-TiO2)和Ce、Fe共掺杂TiO2(Fe/Ce-TiO2)纳米复合体。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和紫外漫反射光谱等对样品的结构和形态进行表征。以甲基橙溶液为标准模拟降解物,对Fe/Ce-TiO2、Fe-TiO2、Ce-TiO2和纯TiO2光催化降解性能进行评价。结果表明:Fe、Ce掺杂后TiO2的光催化性能明显提高,原因是Fe、Ce掺杂不仅能抑制TiO2晶粒生长,提高TiO2的热稳定性和比表面积,而且能够拓展TiO2的吸收波长范围至可见光区,降低了光生载流子的复合几率。共掺杂对TiO2光催性能的提高具有双重效应,使Fe/Ce-TiO2光催化活性明显高于Fe-TiO2的和Ce-TiO2的。500℃制备的Fe/Ce-TiO2对甲基橙降解效果最佳,归功于热处理温度对晶型和晶粒尺寸的影响。     

Ce掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的和掺杂铈的TiO2纳米粒子,并利用XRD和UV-VIS对其进行表征,且在紫外光下,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性和不同Ce掺杂量对光催化活性的影响。结果表明,Ce的掺杂抑制了锐钛矿晶粒的生长,并使TiO2纳米粒子的光谱响应范围拓展到可见光区,掺杂Ce的摩尔分数为0.05%时,TiO2纳米粒子具有最佳的光催化活性。     

掺杂Fe2O3纳米TiO2膜光催化降解有机染料废水中甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以普通载玻片为基底材料,制备了掺杂Fe2O3的TiO2薄膜,用TEM、TG-DTA、XRD对TiO2薄膜进行结构表征.用掺杂Fe2O3的TiO2薄膜降解有机染料废水中的甲基橙.结果表明,焙烧温度500℃时,制备的TiO2薄膜牢固,有较好的光催化活性.在pH为4,投加一定量的H2O2,太阳光照射30 min条件下,甲基橙的降解率达到93.02%.和纯纳米TiO2膜相比提高了3%以上.     

正交法研究纳米Ce/TiO2的制备

纳米TiO2是一种重要的半导体光催化剂,在众多领域具有广阔的研究及应用前景。以稀土Ce为掺杂元素,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce掺杂纳米TiO2(纳米Ce/TiO2),通过XRD、BET、SEM等技术对其进行表征。设计L9(34)正交实验研究了不同条件对纳米Ce/TiO2的结构及表面特征的影响,优化了纳米Ce/TiO2的制备条件。初步研究了Ce/TiO2的光催化抗菌性能,表明Ce掺杂能够改善纳米TiO2的光催化抗菌性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.