高能超声作用下数种金属基复合材料的制备及机制

利用高能超声振动制备了A l/陶瓷, ZA 22/陶瓷(粒子平均直径2L) ,A l/P b (Pb 粒子直径< 25L) 和A l/F eA l₃等金属基复合材料, 弥散相在基体中有良好的分布均匀性。依据超声波对熔体作用时的空化和声流效应, 讨论了上述数种复合材料的制备机制。试验结果显示, 该项技术在制备数类金属基复合材料方面具有广泛的适用性。     

高能超声在颗粒/金属熔体体系中的声学效应

讨论并分析了600℃的SiCp/ZA27熔体中超声的作用机理和有效作用范围.研究结果表明:在实验所用超声处理条件下(20kHz,1kW),ZA27合金熔体中声空化效应引发的熔体局部高压最大可达105MPa,局部高温可达1.77×104K;声流在熔体体系各个部位的作用强度不同,要获得优质的复合材料就必须在工艺上保证熔体的各个部位均能受到超声的有效作用.高能超声之所以能够制备出颗粒均匀分布、界面结合良好的SiCp/ZA27复合材料是高能超声在金属熔体中产生的声空化与声流共同作用的结果.     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料中界面附近位移场测量的探索

本文采用数字散斑相关法对高能超声法制备的颗粒增强金属基复合材料在拉伸变形过程中颗粒与基体的界面处的位移进行了测量与分析，。实验结果表明，界面处所发生的位移变化要大于颗粒和基体内部所发生的位移，说明在颗粒与基体合金的界面处存在着导致应变集中的缺陷，从而导致了颗粒增强金属基复合材料失效过程中常常出现颗粒与基体在界面处脱粘的损伤形式。     

液态金属铸造法制备金属基复合材料的研究现状

在金属基复合材料的制备方法中,液态铸造法具有广泛的应用和发展前景.较系统地论述了颗粒、晶须和短纤维增强的金属基复合材料的液态铸造制备方法及其对材料性能的影响,探讨了液态铸造法制备金属基复合材料过程中仍然存在的问题和研究进展,展望了制备金属基复合材料的发展方向.     

金属基复合材料的发展现状及展望

介绍了金属基复合材料的发展现状,重点介绍了几种制备金属基复合材料的方法,提出了一种新的制备方法块体分散法,并指出了在制备技术中存在的主要问题及其对应问题的解决方法,最后展望了金属基复合材料的发展趋势.     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状及展望

首先介绍了碳纳米管的性质和优点,并讨论了将其应用于制备金属基复合材料方面的优势.从制备方法、材料性能等方面阐述了目前国内外对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状,并对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料研究的发展前景进行了展望.     

选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

选区激光熔化是一种使用聚焦高能激光束熔化粉末,逐层叠加成形零件的增材制造方法.选区激光熔化可以直接制备复杂结构零件和实现近净成形,能够方便地通过粉末预混添加或原位反应实现颗粒增强金属基复合材料的控形控性,具有独特的技术优势,受到广泛关注.本文综述了选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,总结了主要研究结果及存在的共性问题,并展望了选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究方向和发展趋势.通过总结分析,指出选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料时,聚焦激光作用下形成的高温微小熔池凝固时间短,远远偏离平衡状态,凝固过程复杂,增强颗粒与基体间冶金反应剧烈,容易熔化、分解和溶解并对基体特性产生影响,进而影响成形后的复合材料的宏观形貌和组织、性能.除增强体成分、颗粒形貌与尺寸、体积分数外,复合材料的性能还受激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距、粉层厚度、成形气氛等工艺参数的影响,粉末特性与工艺参数之间的交互作用复杂.因此,考察工艺参数与粉末特性之间的交互作用关系,系统研究增强体颗粒特性与成形工艺参数对复合材料宏观形貌、致密度、缺陷、组织和性能的影响规律,是实现复合材料组织结构设计和性能调控的基础.     

原位反应烧结块的高能超声稀释过程分析

对高能超声稀释原位反应烧结块制备锌铝合金基复合材料过程进行了研究,简要分析了超声稀释机理。研究表明,高能超声快速稀释烧结块是声空化与声流效应协同作用的结果。空化产生的瞬时高温可促进界面区域元素扩散,瞬时高压将裸露在界面上的长棒状的TiAl₃击断,打破了烧结块的网状结构,并将其周围的高致密度的Al₂O₃和TiB₂颗粒聚集区击碎。另一方面,声流引起的强烈搅拌作用减薄了过渡层,并使短棒状的TiAl₃颗粒及Al₂O₃、TiB₂微细颗粒均匀分布在熔体中。在上述分析基础上,建立了元素扩散模型和烧结块在锌铝合金中的稀释过程模型。      

原位ZrB2p/Al复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以Al-10%(质量分数)Zr和Al-3%(质量分数)B合金为原料,在高能超声作用下采用熔体直接反应法成功地制备了ZrB2p/Al复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,经过高能超声处理后,复合材料中的ZrB2颗粒尺寸更小,分布也更均匀。复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到94、81MPa和14.5%,较未施加高能超声场的复合材料分别提高了10.6%、15.7%和16.0%。     

金属基复合材料概述

本文对金属基复合材料的分类、性能和制备工艺进行了总结分析,列举了三种典型的金属基复合材料及其应用,阐述了国内外研究现状,指出了金属基复合材料研究中存在的问题并对其发展作出展望.     

Ultrasonic Electrodeposition of Cu–SiC Electrodes for EDM

Cu-SiC composite electrodes composed of both a Cu matrix and dispersed inert SiC particles were fabricated for electrical discharge machining (EDM) using the ultrasonic-aided electrodeposition technique. The influence of ultrasonic power on the surface morphology, content of SiC particles, and EDM wear rate of the fabricated Cu-SiC composite electrode were investigated. Results show that the incorporation of SiC particles into the composite electrode was enhanced and that the uniformity of particle distribution in the Cu matrix improved when the ultrasonic dispersion was initiated during electrodeposition. The composite that was generated at low ultrasonic power contained more SiC than that produced at high ultrasonic power. Moreover, the Cu-SiC electrode fabricated at low ultrasonic power displayed the least erosion wear during EDM.     

泡沫铝冶金连接及其界面结构与力学性能研究

以Zn-10Al合金作为粘结合金,采用功率超声辅助的热浸镀法进行泡沫铝板的冶金连接,采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察接头组织及界面结构,采用X射线能谱仪(EDS)测定界面处元素分布,对样品进行拉伸实验和摆锤冲击实验,并与无功率超声辅助样品和胶接样品比较。功率超声辅助冶金接头密实连续,Zn、Al元素相互扩散,在界面处连续分布;无功率超声辅助接头中存在大量气孔等缺陷。功率超声辅助冶金接头的拉伸性能和冲击性能均优于无功率超声辅助接头和胶接接头。在功率超声辅助下进行连接时,其空化作用和声流能较彻底地破除泡沫铝基体表面的氧化膜,同时能够促进组织均匀化、去气除杂,有利于形成良好的冶金结合和致密的冶金接头。     

High-performance joining technology for aluminium matrix composites using ultrasonic-assisted brazing

High-performance aluminium matrix composite joints were fabricated using a new joining technology assisted by ultrasonic vibration. The performance of the joints was close to that of the parent materials. The microstructure and the mechanical performance were found to be systematically dependent on the volume fraction and the distribution of reinforcement particles in the bond region. The authors believe that this study can be generalised to the bonding of other ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites.     

高体积分数B4C/ZL101复合材料力学性能的研究

高体积分数颗粒增强金属基复合材料结合了陶瓷和金属的性能优势,具有轻质、高强、高模量的特点,是一种颇具应用前景的装甲材料,但此方面的报道研究较少。采用压力浸渗法制备了颗粒体积分数为50%、不同粒径的B4C/ZL101复合材料。结果表明,预制件温度为550℃、浸渗熔体温度为750℃时,采用压力浸渗可以得到颗粒分布均匀、致密度高的复合材料,组成相简单;复合材料的力学性能表明,B4C颗粒的粒径越小,复合材料的力学性能越好。当B4C颗粒粒径为3μm时,压缩强度、抗弯强度、布氏硬度分别可达1000MPa、640MPa、285HB。     

Ultrasonic assisted fabrication of particle reinforced bonds joining aluminum metal matrix composites

This paper presents a method of producing uniform particle strengthened bonds between pieces of aluminum metal matrix composite (Al-MMCs), of strength equal to that of the substrate material. SiC particle reinforced Zn-based filler metals were fabricated by mechanical stir casting and ultrasonic treatment, and then used to join pieces of SiC_p/A356 composite with the aid of ultrasonic vibration. The filler metals made by mechanical stirring were porous and contained many particle clusters. Ultrasonic vibration was used to disperse the agglomerates and prevent further coagulation of SiC particles during joining, but the method failed to eliminate the porosity, resulting in a highly porous bond. The filler metal treated by ultrasonic vibration was free of defects and produced a non-porous bond strengthened with uniform particles between pieces of SiC_p/A356 composite. The presence of surface oxide films at the bonding interface significantly degraded the performance of SiC particle reinforced bond. Removal of this oxide film by at least 4 s of ultrasonic vibration significantly increased the bond strength, reaching a value equal to that of the substrate metal.     

纳米Ni-Si3N4-x复合镀层的超声电沉积机理及工艺研究

通过超声电沉积法制备纳米Ni-Si3N4-x复合层,研究超声电沉积纳米复合镀层的机理及工艺.在试验的基础上,主要研究了超声波的机械扰动效应、空化效应及脉冲电流对抑制纳米粒子团聚、控制晶粒成核及生长的作用.结果表明,适度功率超声波的引入,可以抑制镀液中纳米粒子的团聚,与高频、窄脉宽脉冲电流作用相结合,可以提高镀液扩散传质效率,加速纳米粒子与基质金属离子共沉积,使纳米陶瓷粒子均匀分散在镀层中,促进基质金属晶体形核并控制其生长,起到细晶强化的作用.获得了由纳米镍晶(20～60 nm)和纳米Si3N4-x粒子构成的纳米复合镀层.     

Optical emission and absorption spectra of Zn–ZnO core-shell nanostructures

The core-shell Zn–ZnO nanostructures were fabricated from Zn-powder embedded in graphite (i.e. carbon matrix) in a thin-films form by an inexpensive vacuum arc technique followed by laser ablation. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction pattern shows that intensity of Zn-peak decreases, and subtle ZnO-peak increasing with the increase in laser power. The high resolution transmission electron microscopic study clearly exhibits the formation of a core-shell nanostructure as fabricated by laser ablation. The emission characteristics of laser ablated (with different powers) samples show a strong exciton peak at 388 nm, and a few more weak peaks (due to weak defect states in the visible range). The optical absorption spectra were obtained from the excitonic peaks (from 344 nm to 317 nm) on decreasing laser power. These peaks occur due to the coupling of exciton absorption (from ZnO shell layer) and core metal interband absorption. The Zn–ZnO core-shell nanostructure is useful for nanophotonic applications.