关于医学物理学的发展与教育问题

本文介绍医学物理学的起源与定义,以及它和其它相近学科的关系.论述医学物理学对于促进自然科学的发展、国民经济的发展与社会的进步的重要作用.介绍国际上对医学物理学从业人员的要求和有关医学物理学的教育.并探讨了我国医学物理学发展与教育的有关问题.     

美国医学物理学培养体系对中国放射科住院医师规范化培训的启示

医学物理学是一门将物理学与医学实践相结合的交叉学科,产生于放射学及放射肿瘤学临床实践中对于物理学知识的广泛需求。目前以美国为代表的发达国家已经在放射科住院医师培养过程中形成了系统的医学物理学培养体系。中国的放射科住院医师规范化培训仍处在起步阶段。本文介绍了美国放射科住院医师医学物理学培养的体系,并探讨了其对中国放射科住院医师规范化培训的启示。     

我国医学物理学专业建设的构想刍议

医学物理学专业和医学物理师职业在医学教育和临床诊疗中的重要性日益凸显,本文通过对国内外医学物理学专业建设和医学物理师培养考核体系的比较,详尽介绍了北美在此领域的先进经验;结合我国实际,从临床医学物理工作者的角度,对我国医学物理学专业建设提出了初步构想和建议。     

谈物理学史在医学物理学教学中的作用

本文结合物理学史的实例论述了在医学物理学教学中,利用物理学史在引导学生重视医学物理学的学习,提高学生的专业素质和人文素质,培养学生的创新能力和质疑能力,加强学生的职业道德教育和爱国主义教育等几个方面发挥的重要作用。     

浅谈如何提高医学物理学专业生理实验课程的教学质量

医学物理学专业是一门以物理学为主，医学为辅的新兴交叉学科，以培养面向临床的医学物理师为主要目的。医学物理学专业毕业的学生不仅要有深厚的物理学知识，同时还要很强的医学实践能力。如何在较短的学时内培养学生的生理学实验研究思维，提高他们的实验操作能力是我们医学物理专业乍理学实验教学面临的新课题。     

基于PBL理论的医学物理学专业实验教学模式探索

目的:为了进一步提高医学物理学专业学生的实践动手能力,提高医学物理学专业教学质量,为社会培养高层次、高质量的医学物理学专业人才。方法:在医学物理学专业理论教学的同时,结合专业特点,通过长期调查研究,剖析当前实验教学模式的现状和存在问题,探索医学物理学专业实验教学改革的新思路和新方法。通过把PBL(Problem-Based Learning)教学理论方法引入医学物理学专业的实验教学中,并且经过分组实验教学对比,科学评价,为本研究的顺利进行提供了实验数据。结果:分析数据,对比研究,提出了基于PBL教学理论的高校医学物理学教育实验教学模式的改革建议。结论:该研究对提高医学物理学专业实验教学的教学质量具有重要的应用价值,为我国的医学物理学专业教育改革提供了必要的参考。     

医学院校医学物理学教学改革思考

本文回顾了医学物理学在我国医学院校中建立和发展的历史，说明了医学物理学教学为我国培养全面素质的医学高级人才做出了不可磨灭的贡献。同时，也指出如今的医学物理学存在的许多问题。提出教学改革应着眼于培养医科学生的科学素质，从教学思想、教学内容、教学手段、考试形式等几方面同时进行，以适应形势的发展。     

医学物理学师资队伍建设的研究与思考

目的:结合泰山医学院创办医学物理学专业实际,积极探索医学物理学师资队伍建设的有效机制,培养形成"双师型"教师队伍。方法:加强师资培养,首先要树立现代教育理念,形成有效机制。鼓励教师积极参加教育教学改革,结合医学物理学实际,研究教育教学规律,在教学实践研究探索中培养提高;在教师职称晋升、科研课题立项、教师参加教学研讨会、青年教师攻读博士学位等方面,建立有利于教师培养发展的有效机制;加强师德建设,提高教师的综合素质;加强教师教学基本功训练,让教师掌握教学技能,学会运用灵活多样的授课方法,进行启发式教学,坚持教师互相听课制度和集体备课制度,进行教学交流,互相学习;加强教研室建设,教研室具体制定并落实教师培养计划和规划。结果和结论:通过实践探索,形成师资培养的有效机制,培养"双师型"教师队伍,医学物理学专业师资队伍得到明显加强,教学效果明显提高,教师的科研成果显著。     

美国医学物理学家协会（AAPM）介绍

美国医学物理学家协会（ＡＡＰＭ）介绍林世寅（天津肿瘤研究所医学物理研究室天津３０００６０）医学物理学是将物理学应用于医学、生物学的一门现代边缘学科，其主要应用领域之一为疾病诊治物理方法及相关仪器的研究。医学物理学的历史最早可追溯到十五世纪，奥纳多·达...     

医学物理学本科专业双语教学的探索与实践

文章通过分析医学物理学专业的特点,阐述了医学物理学专业开展双语教学的基础,同时详细介绍了医学物理学专业实行双语教学的教学模式。最后通过对选课学生的问卷调查和期末考试成绩的比对分析说明三年来医学物理学专业实行双语教学的效果。     

全面提高医疗机构质量必须加速建立医学物理师制度

目的：建立中国医学物理学科、设立医学物理师制度,是一项全新的＂系统工程＂。本文全面概述中外医学物理发展历程,提出并展示了我国医学物理专业教育、医学物理师制度建设的方略和途径,旨在推动和加速这一建设事业进程。方法：医学物理学是一门独立的学科。国家的人才管理,培养和使用是相一致的。通过采撷中外医学物理学界视点精华,谨以中国医学物理学会＂医学物理学科与医学物理师制度建设＂行业管理及协调视角,剖析当前我国医疗机构医学物理工作乱象现状之深层远因和近因,以及由于＂医学物理师制度＂缺失,对我国医疗事业发展所带来的严重不良后果和对民族肌体的严重危害等等。结果：医学物理师制度,1950年代在英美等发达国家最早形成,印度1962年也已建立医学物理学科,新加坡、中国香港和台湾也先后建立医学物理师制度;新中国成立60多年来,大陆地区长期游离于世界医学物理师制度之外,显然很不正常。结论：2011年国务院学位办和教育部新颁布110个一级学科中,＂医学物理学＂作为一级学科仍未能设立,但作为＂医学物理学专业＂教育终于被确立。这是多年来我国众多医学物理学家包括一些国家领导人、有关政府部门督导、行业协会和相关大学学术研讨、著书立说、诸多专家学者各种场合的呼吁、陈情和建言等努力的结果。＂医学物理学专业＂的最终确立,对今后我国各级医疗机构建设医学物理师制度,乃是最为重要的前提和基础。据此,卫生部专此就医学物理师制度论证研讨,和多年来许多科学家的认识进一步取得了共识：全面提高全国医疗机构质量,必须加快我国医学物理师制度建设。至此,全国医学物理人员专业技术资格等问题,已被正式名正言顺地提上议事日程;而2012年5月26～31日,首次在中国召开的＂2012年世界医学物理与生物医学工程大会＂,包括附言＂国内要完善中国医学物理学会法律地位＂问题的解决,都必将大大推进中国医学物理师制度建设进程!     

Education and training of medical physicists in South East Asia: accomplishments and challenges

John Cameron has made significant contributions to the field of Medical Physics. His contributions encompassed research and development, technical developments and education. He had a particular interest in the education of medical physicists in developing countries. Structured clinical training is also an essential component of the professional development of a medical physicist. This paper considers aspects of the clinical training and education of medical physicists in South-East Asia and the challenges facing the profession in the region if it is to keep pace with the rapid increase in the amount and technical complexity of medical physics infrastructure in the region.     

Medical physics aspects of cancer care in the Asia Pacific region

Medical physics plays an essential role in modern medicine. This is particularly evident in cancer care where medical physicists are involved in radiotherapy treatment planning and quality assurance as well as in imaging and radiation protection. Due to the large variety of tasks and interests, medical physics is often subdivided into specialties such as radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology medical physics. However, even within their specialty, the role of radiation oncology medical physicists (ROMPs) is diverse and varies between different societies. Therefore, a questionnaire was sent to leading medical physicists in most countries/areas in the Asia/Pacific region to determine the education, role and status of medical physicists.Answers were received from 17 countries/areas representing nearly 2800 radiation oncology medical physicists. There was general agreement that medical physicists should have both academic (typically at MSc level) and clinical (typically at least 2 years) training. ROMPs spent most of their time working in radiotherapy treatment planning (average 17 hours per week); however radiation protection and engineering tasks were also common. Typically, only physicists in large centres are involved in research and teaching. Most respondents thought that the workload of physicists was high, with more than 500 patients per year per physicist, less than one ROMP per two oncologists being the norm, and on average, one megavoltage treatment unit per medical physicist.There was also a clear indication of increased complexity of technology in the region with many countries/areas reporting to have installed helical tomotherapy, IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), IGRT (Image Guided Radiation Therapy), Gamma-knife and Cyber-knife units. This and the continued workload from brachytherapy will require growing expertise and numbers in the medical physics workforce. Addressing these needs will be an important challenge for the future.     

Medical physics aspects of cancer care in the Asia Pacific region: 2011 survey results

Background:

Medical physicists are essential members of the radiation oncology team. Given the increasing complexity of radiotherapy delivery, it is important to ensure adequate training and staffing. The aim of the present study was to update a similar survey from 2008 and assess the situation of medical physicists in the large and diverse Asia Pacific region.

Methods:

Between March and July 2011, a survey on profession and practice of radiation oncology medical physicists (ROMPs) in the Asia Pacific region was performed. The survey was sent to senior physicists in 22 countries. Replies were received from countries that collectively represent more than half of the world’s population. The survey questions explored five areas: education, staffing, work patterns including research and teaching, resources available, and job satisfaction.

Results and discussion:

Compared to a data from a similar survey conducted three years ago, the number of medical physicists in participating countries increased by 29% on average. This increase is similar to the increase in the number of linear accelerators, showing that previously identified staff shortages have yet to be substantially addressed. This is also highlighted by the fact that most ROMPs are expected to work overtime often and without adequate compensation. While job satisfaction has stayed similar compared to the previous survey, expectations for education and training have increased somewhat. This is in line with a trend towards certification of ROMPs.

Conclusion:

As organisations such as the International Labour Organization (ILO) start to recognise medical physics as a profession, it is evident that despite some encouraging signs there is still a lot of work required towards establishing an adequately trained and resourced medical physics workforce in the Asia Pacific region.     

医学影像物理学的现状和发展

本文对医学影像物理学的内容、方法、现状和今后发展的趋势进行了综合评述。文中分析了不同成像模式所提供的人体信息的意义和它们的局限性。医学影像物理学既是人体无创伤可视化科学的基础，为设计医学影像诊断和治疗的新仪器和新设备提供相应的技术路线；叉可以直接为合理使用现有影像设备更好地为疾病诊断和治疗提供服务，在中国，这个领域还很落后，应该把医学影像物理学的发展放到一个重要的位置，因为这是一个可以直接造福人民、又是高技术产业的知识源头，以医学影像学为基础的产业，无论是医疗行业本身，还是为了促进医疗仪器行业的发展都有重要意义文章强调了不同学科之间的融合和渗透的重要性，呼吁中国的医院设立医学物理师的岗位，并建议我国应该在若干所大学的应用物理学科中设立医学物理分支学科．北京大学物理学院已经在应用物理系内设立了本科专业。     

对医药专业物理课程的几点看法

医药专业物理课程除传授物理学知识外,在培养学生的科学素质方面也具有重要作用。本文对医药专业物理课程教学中物理教师普遍关心的一些问题提出了个人的看法,涉及医药专业物理课程的名称、医药专业物理课程的作用和内容、PBL教学和双语教学、教学基本要求、医药专业物理课程的建设和改革等方面。医药专业物理课程应坚持课程的物理气息并提倡教学形式的多样化。     

Real-time teleteaching in medical physics

Medical physics is a relatively small professional community, usually with a scarcity of expertise that could greatly benefit students entering the field. However, the reach of the profession can span great geographical distances, making the training of students a difficult task. In addition to the requirement of training new students, the evolving field of medical physics, with its many emerging advanced techniques and technologies, could benefit greatly from ongoing continuing education as well as consultation with experts.Many continuing education courses and workshops are constantly being offered, including many web-based study courses and virtual libraries. However, one mode of education and communication that has not been widely used is the real-time interactive process. Video-based conferencing systems do exist, but these usually require a substantial amount of effort and cost to set up.The authors have been working on promoting the ever-expanding capability of the Internet to facilitate the education of medical physics to students entering the field. A pilot project has been carried out for six years and reported previously. The project is a collaboration between the Department of Medical Physics at the Toronto Odette Cancer Centre in Canada and the Department of Biomedical Imaging at the University of Malaya in Malaysia. Since 2001, medical physics graduate students at the University of Malaya have been taught by lecturers from Toronto every year, using the Internet as the main tool of communication.The pilot study explored the different methods that can be used to provide real-time interactive remote education, and delivered traditional classroom lectures as well as hands-on workshops.Another similar project was started in 2007 to offer real-time teaching to a class of medical physics students at Wuhan University in Hubei, China. There are new challenges as well as new opportunities associated with this project. By building an inventory of tools and experiences, the intent is to broaden the real-time teleteaching method to serve a wide community so that future students entering the field can have efficient access to high-quality education that will benefit the profession in the long term.