以健康中国战略为中心促进预防医学课程教学改革与创新

在“健康中国”战略背景下,公共卫生人才培养面临新的挑战,我国高校预防医学相关课程在教学内容设置、教学模式及教学覆盖面等方面均存在不足。因此预防医学课程应当从加强师资队伍建设、优化预防医学课程体系、建立多样化教学模式、强化网络资源配置等方面进行改革,培养出符合“健康中国”发展需求的创新实践型公共卫生人才。     

边疆民族地区预防医学专业人才胜任力培养创新与实践

当前云南公共卫生事业发展水平与人民群众健康需求及经济社会协调发展要求不适应的矛盾仍比较突出。如何培养具有胜任力的预防医学人才,是云南高等公共卫生教育面临的核心问题,具有重要的现实意义。昆明医科大学公共卫生学院在探索实践的基础上创新性提出了基于胜任力的预防医学人才培养模式,以培养出适应边疆民族地区卫生事业发展,能够应对西南边疆民族地区复杂多样的公共卫生挑战,能够解决公共卫生实际问题的应用型高素质预防医学人才;同时实现以教学促实践、以实践促科研、以科研促创新,有效提升学生的胜任力,进而提高高等医学院校公共卫生教育质量。     

基础医学实验教学中心的组织架构及实验教学改革的探索

随着我国社会水平的提高,经济步伐的推进,人们对于健康以及医学水平的需求也在逐渐提升。在这种背景下,就需要我们应当对原有的医学教学方式进行改革,从而以更为有效的实验教学方式优化人才培养,从而为社会输送更多的医学人才。在本文中,将就基础医学实验教学中心的组织架构及实验教学改革进行一定的研究与探索。     

成人教育预防医学专业课程体系调整的必要性和可行性

随着社会主义市场经济逐步建立与完善，对预防医学事业人才的培养与需要也发生了重大的变化。预防医学专业面临着前所未有的困境、机遇和挑战。如何及时调整预防医学专业的课程体系，以适应社会对预防医学人才的需求，这是摆在预防医学教学部门的重大课题。医学模式从传统的生物医学模式向生     

强化素质教育,培养预防医学人才初论

本文就预防医学性质、任务及预防医学人才特点进行了较深刻的分析,针对２１世纪医学科学的发展,预防医学事业面临的机遇和挑战,提出了预防医学人才培养的目标和培养高素质复合型人才的必要性和重要性,强调学校教育必须转变观念,加强教学改革的力度,为高素质复合型预防医学人才的培养创造必要的条件。该文的分析将对２１世纪预防医学人才的素质培养,提供较好的借鉴。     

“健康教育进校园”活动的实践经验

“健康教育进校园”活动既是落实“健康中国战略”,为人民群众提供全方位全周期健康服务的重要实践,也是医学类专业人才培养的全新探索。广州医科大学医学生物学科普馆积极开展医学科普进校园活动,以健康需求为导向,搭建广州市中小学生医学类科普教育框架,同时努力提升广州医科大学医学类大学生社会实践活动质量,增强健康科普进校园活动效果,更好地培养德才兼备,全面发展的医学类本科人才。本文介绍了广州医科大学医学生物学科普馆以健康生活为导向的“健康教育进校园”活动的实践与探索,旨在为健康科普进校园活动提供经验。     

新医科背景下医学人才培养模式的改革探索

在新医科建设背景下，针对当前我国医学人才培养中仍存在的学生公共卫生观念较为薄弱、人文意识不够强、实践能力有待提升、创新精神与创新能力不足等问题，广州医科大学围绕“以健康促进为中心”，立足服务生命全周期、健康全过程的需要，通过优化课程体系、强化职业素养教育、深化科教协同育人、创新教学方式方法、重构立体化实践教学体系等，改革医学人才培养模式，以期培养高素质医学创新人才，满足我国卫生健康事业发展的新需求。     

预防医学专业本科教育中临床医学课程改革构想

为了顺应预防医学及临床医学教育的整体趋势和社会发展对预防医学人才培养的要求,本文调研了预防医学专业本科学生用人机构的需求,分析了目前预防医学专业临床医学教学中存在的问题,对北京大学预防医学系本科教育中临床医学教学课程体系与教学模式提出了改革思路并在第九临床医学院实施,这次教学改革重点是调整课程结构、优化教学内容,突出预防医学专业特点和需求,促进“以能力为导向”的医学教育模式转变.     

面向人民生命健康 培育卓越医学人才

为深刻把握《国务院办公厅关于加快医学教育创新发展的指导意见》的文件精神,结合《上海市关于加快医学教育创新发展的实施意见》,以复旦大学为例,提出面向人民生命健康、培育卓越医学人才的5个要素:一是以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,引领医学教育改革创新;二是以服务健康中国重大战略需求为目标,优化医学人才培养结构;三是以医教研协同培育卓越医学人才为导向,提升医学人才培养质量;四是以深化住院医师培训和继续教育改革为抓手,完善终身医学教育体系;五是以加强组织领导和统筹各方资金资源为保障,落实国家重大战略工程。     

重视全科医学教育加大力度培养居民健康守门人

全科医学是一门综合性学科,在临床、预防、康复与健康管理方面具有一体化指导作用。全科医生遵循“以人为本,以人的健康为中心”的服务理念,在疾病预防与健康管理方面具有重要作用,是居民健康的“守门人”。随着全科医学教育培训的实施,可以有效培养满足社会需求的综合医学人才,有利于疾病的预防、早期发现及健康保障,有利于缓解就医压力,促进我国医疗服务体系的完善,提高初级卫生保健服务水平,加快推进健康中国2030建设。     

The need for integration in health sciences sets the future direction for public health education

Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there has been remarkable developments in public health in the country. These achievements are primarily attributed to the public health services and patriotic public health campaigns, although the contribution of high-technology medical applications is also recognized. However, along with the recent socio-economic developments and scientific and technological progress, medical disciplines have become more and more specialized, and clinical and preventive medicine have become further separated from each other. Conventional Chinese wisdom says 'when long divided they must unite, when long united they must divide'. At the onset of the new round of reforms of health care in China, it seems important to revisit the discussions on the urgency for integration of health sciences in medicine in China. Several issues and viewpoints on integrating medicine are discussed in this paper. The biopsychosocial model for health calls for broad integration. Primary care development in China requires integration in education and practice, and in treatment and prevention. Control of chronic diseases requires integrated and united action. Integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine requires creativity. The integration perspective should be instilled in the minds of medical students. Integration also entails integrated practice. After all, integration entails integrated education and practice in public health education. Changing the current public health education system still has a long way to go. True integration requires integration of concepts, policies, resources and measures, as well as changes in the organization of health care including public health, prevention and treatment. This needs to be a systematic process. Finally, success of integration relies on social mobilization, advocacy, promotion and attention of the entire society.     

公共卫生教育工作是值得一辈子追求的伟大事业

当前我国公共卫生教育面临着诸多的机遇与挑战。徐州医科大学在公共卫生人才培养中始终围绕“立德树人,德育为先”的办学宗旨与教学理念,不断优化实践教学方案,持续推进独具预防医学专业特色的社会实践活动探索,稳步增强大学生科研能力提升,培养了一批批综合素质高、实践能力强和科研意识新的公共卫生人才,为满足我国卫生事业的发展、实现和促进人民的健康做出应有贡献。     

公共卫生与预防医学类期刊热点和前沿研究

目的 通过Citespace软件分析国内公共卫生与预防医学类期刊的研究热点、前沿与知识基础研究,洞悉国内预防医学领域研究动向。方法 运用Citespace对从CNKI、万方、维普等数据库中收集的近五年（2013 - 2017年）中文核心期刊中预防医学、卫生学类核心期刊所载文献进行分析。按照中国学术期刊影响因子年报中公共卫生与预防医学领域期刊分类方式,将上述中文核心期刊分为两类,即医药卫生事业管理和预防医学与卫生学。结果 医药卫生事业管理类近五年的研究热点及前沿主要集中在基层医疗机构、医疗保险、医疗相关政策中,且研究更注重卫生服务效果和评价等方面。预防医学与卫生学类近五年的研究热点及前沿主要集中在医院感染、影响因素、艾滋病等各类传染病的流行病学特征及耐药性方面。结论 在公共卫生与预防医学领域中文核心期刊中,预防医学与卫生学类更注重艾滋病、医院感染等方面,医药卫生事业类主要集中在公立医院及满意度方面。     

预防保健机构人员现况调查和需求分析

该研究对广东省预防保住机构人员的现状和需求进行调查,结果显示：预防保住机构的大部分人员学历层次较低,因而其技术水平迫切需要提高。鉴于机构中缺少拥有预防医学专业硕士学历的人员,应该加强引进工作。继续教育是提高在岗人员的同重要途径。同时,政府应该给予预防保健机构以优惠政策。研究的结论有助于医学教育和预防保健工作。     

公共卫生与预防医学专业教育教学改革的思考

在简要回顾中国医学院校公共卫生与预防医学专业本科教育发展历程的基础上,指出存在的主要问题,提出预防医学专业本科教育必须深入社会、人群,密切结合实际,着力围绕社会公众健康,发现问题、研究问题和解决问题,拟订教育计划、教学大纲、设置课程、编写教材、建设教学基地。     

A threat to the public health workforce: evidence from trends in preventive medicine certification and training

Evidence of a growing need for preventive medicine specialists is the congruence between needed competencies for practice in the current health care environment, as identified by the Council on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) and in other national reports, and the core competencies of preventive medicine residents. The total number of certified specialists in preventive medicine is 6091. The proportion of self-designated preventive medicine specialists among all U.S. physicians is on the decline and the greatest decline has been among those in public health (PH) and general preventive medicine (GPM). In addition, the total number of preventive medicine residents is on the decline, and the decline has been greatest among those training in PH and combined PH/GPM. One of the reasons for this decline has been inadequate funding due to the absence of Medicare graduate medical education (GME) financing for population-based vs. individual patient care services and meager and diminishing Title VII support. A paucity of faculty is apparent in medical schools with residency training and board certification in preventive medicine. Several actions may help reverse this trend and assure adequate numbers of preventive medicine specialists: expansion of Title VII to increase the number of residents receiving stipends and tuition, adding infrastructure support for faculty development and funding of demonstration projects in distance learning and in joint generalist/ preventive medicine residency training. Medicare GME reform should include recognition of population-based services and inclusion of preventive medicine residencies in provisions for "nonhospital-based" training and in up-weighting methodologies for primary care training. Expansion of Veterans Affairs, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Department of Defense support is also needed as is attention to resident debt reduction.     

180名医学生应对突发公共卫生事件心理状态调查

目的了解临床医学、预防医学专业医学生应对突发公共卫生事件的心理状态。方法分层整群随机抽取某医科大学三年级与五年级临床医学与预防医学学生180人,采用突发性公共卫生事件问卷进行问卷调查,并进行统计分析。结果面对突发公共卫生事件,不同专业的学生在恐惧与疑病方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);男女学生在恐惧方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同专业、年级医学生在抑郁、恐惧、强迫-焦虑方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且五年级临床学生得分高于其他年级及专业学生。结论医学生应加强心理医学、行为医学等方面的学习,以提高突发公共卫生事件的应对能力及心理健康水平。     

Preventive medicine residents: a national survey.

Little is known about those physicians who pursue graduate medical education in preventive medicine, including aerospace medicine, general preventive medicine and public health, and occupational medicine. We surveyed resident physicians about their academic background, financial environment, clinical activities, and professional goals. A total of 147 residents (30%) responded from a population of 498 residents. The data suggest a lack of available information about preventive medicine training and careers among medical students who subsequently pursue such training. Their economic environment is extremely diverse, with a wide range of salary, "moonlighting" hours, educational loans, and service obligations. Although the median annual salary ($24,700) is similar to the national average resident salary, 32% of respondents earned less than $20,000, and 95% have educational debts averaging $30,900. Sixty-two percent of respondents perform clinical work in their residency, whereas 76% desire future clinical work as part of their practice. This gap is most pronounced in general preventive medicine and public health. The residents express a wide range of interests in future practice of preventive medicine; 54% are interested in government work, and 33% desire academic careers.     

预防医学生突发公共卫生事件教学需求和效果评价

目的为了解我国预防医学专业大学生对公共卫生突发事件处理技能的教学需求和教学评价情况,探讨教学中存在的问题,寻求满足人才需求的对策。方法对两所综合性大学预防医学专业学生进行问卷调查,内容涉及对公共卫生突发事件处理知识的认识,教学需求,教学效果评价等方面。结果所有被调查的学生认为掌握公共卫生突发事件处理知识非常必要,熟练掌握公共卫生突发事件处理技能对提高自己的实践工作能力有帮助,要加强实践知识的学习。78．1％学生认为掌握公共卫生突发事件处理知识能提高自己就业竞争力,84．8％的学生认为现行专业教材中突发公共卫生事件的相关知识还很欠缺,75．2％的认为应增加专业实习内容。结论现行教学计划不能满足学生对公共卫生突发事件处理知识的需求,因此,教育部门应改革预防医学的课程规划,制定课程教材,增加公共卫生突发事件处理技能的教学内容,增加实习时间,充实实习内容,提高学生现场处理突发事件的能力。