汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢的应用及腐蚀失效评价

最近几年,随着对全球环境问题的关注,汽车燃油的经济性和汽车尾气排放的等级化要求不断提高,铁素体不锈钢更多用于汽车排气系统零部件。铁素体不锈钢性能得到了明显改善,使铁素体不锈钢具有低的价格和良好性能,欧美及日本汽车几乎全部使用超纯铁素体不锈钢用于排气系统零部件制造。介绍了汽车排气系统的构成及对各部件常用不锈钢的性能要求、排气系统零部件的主要失效形式和所用不锈钢材料的腐蚀评价方法。     

宝钢汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢产品开发

最近几年,随着对全球环境问题的关注,各国都对汽车尾气排放要求给予高度重视以减低对环境的危害。随着汽车燃油的经济性和汽车尾气排放的等级化要求不断提高,排放标准变得更为严厉。因铁素体不锈钢具有良好的耐氧化性、低的热膨胀系数、高的抗腐蚀性能及更为经济的成本,铁素体不锈钢更多用于汽车排气系统零部件。欧美及日本汽车几乎全部使用超纯铁素体不锈钢用于排气系统零部件制造以满足汽车轻量化及严格的尾气排放要求。介绍了汽车排气系统的构成、各部件的性能要求及宝钢汽车用不锈钢的产品开发。     

汽车尾气排放系统低温端用铁素体不锈钢开发

随着汽车工业的快速发展,以降低汽车自身重量和提高材料性能为目的的材料开发,得到了汽车部件制造厂商的重视.铁素体不锈钢因不含有贵重金属镍,明显降低材料成本,同时,铁素体不锈钢又具有比奥氏体不锈钢更好的抗点蚀、晶间腐蚀等性能,广泛用于汽车尾气排放系统中.介绍了宝钢超低碳、氮Cr17Mo汽车尾气系统低温端用铁素体不锈钢的开发过程.该钢种具备良好的力学性能、成型性能及耐腐蚀性能,可以满足汽车排气系统冷端部位的中管、消声器和尾管的使用性能要求.     

宝钢汽车排气系统用不锈钢产销两旺

今年第一季度,宝钢汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢产销两旺,产销量同比增长100％以上,产品品种和质量等级明显提升,用户群和市场占有率大幅扩大。许多汽车制造商纷纷启动了宝钢汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢材料国产化替代的认证工作。     

太钢汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢的开发

作为当今世界上最大的不锈钢生产企业,为适应汽车工业对节能及环保要求的提高。太钢充分利用生产不锈钢的独特优势,开发出系列的铁素体不锈钢,广泛应用在汽车排气系统各部件,产品质量得到用户认可,市场份额逐年增加。     

汽车排气系统用409型铁素体不锈钢的开发研究

描述汽车排气系统的结构及其对材料的特殊要求,介绍不锈钢分公司409型铁素体不锈钢的开发过程.该钢具有良好的高温性能、成形性及耐腐蚀性,可以较好地满足汽车排气系统用钢的需求.     

“汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢国产化攻关项目验收会”在宁波成功召开

近年来,随着人们对节能和环保的日益重视,汽车发动机的性能要求不断提高,排气温度也在呈不断上升的趋势,为此需选择耐蚀性和耐热性优异的材料用于排气系统部件,汽车排气系统材料已由原来的镀铝材料向不锈钢尤其是高性能低成本的铁素体不锈钢方向发展。我国汽车排气系统冷端部件大部分采用进口的单钛稳定化409,在实际使用时经常会由于中国燃油硫含量偏高而造成点蚀和晶问腐蚀,进而导致消声器失效,个别消声器产品出现寿命不足半年的现象。     

汽车排气系统高温端用B441铁素体不锈钢研制

为了开发满足排气系统高温端零件使用要求的不锈钢产品,在实验室研究了化学成分、热处理制度对B441不锈钢性能的影响.结果表明,稳定化元素Nb、Ti的添加对改善B441不锈钢的综合性能有利.生产试制结果表明,生产的B441铁素体不锈钢产品具有优良的常温力学性能和耐高温性能,能够满足汽车排气系统高温端使用要求.     

汽车用不锈钢：我国急待开发的不锈钢市场

本文综述了汽车用不锈钢的优点及发展趋势,着重从汽车排气系统、汽车车架、汽车零部件及汽车装饰等四方面介绍了目前国内外使用的各种牌号不锈钢的成分、性能及特点,并对我国汽车用不锈钢的开发提出了积极的建议。     

汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢国产化推进会在杭州召开

6月7日,由汽车工程学会材料分会、中国特钢企业协会不锈钢分会和中信微合金化技术中心三家单位共同主办、太原钢铁（集团）有限公司技术中心和宝钢股份不锈钢事业部协办的汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢国产化推进会在杭州召开。来自汽车生产企业、排气系统零配件制造企业、科研单位以及不锈钢生产企业的100余位代表参加。     

Nb对0Cr11铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

 铁素体不锈钢与奥氏体不锈钢相比具有成本低、热膨胀系数低和耐应力腐蚀等优点,所以被广泛应用到汽车排气系统、家用电器和建筑等领域。研究了不同的Nb含量对铁素体不锈钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：Nb有细化晶粒的作用,随着Nb含量的增加,晶粒的平均尺寸减小;由于合金元素Nb和Ti的加入,形成了TiN、NbC 和 Fe2Nb析出相,其透射电镜观察结果与Thermal calc计算结果一致;材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度随着Nb含量的增加而增加,这是由于Nb的固溶强化和析出强化共同作用的结果。     

铌含量对17%Cr超纯铁素体不锈钢组织与高温强度的影响

随着汽车行业的发展,汽车排气系统热端用铁素体不锈钢的使用温度越来越高,高温性能成为限制其发展的关键性能。研究铌含量对铁素体不锈钢组织与高温性能的影响可以指导钢种设计和工业化生产。选取了2种17%Cr超纯铁素体不锈钢进行高温时效试验,结果表明:铌的质量分数为0.2%时,铌没有明显的强化作用,950℃高温下晶粒迅速长大,高温强度迅速降低;铌的质量分数为0.4%时,在950℃高温下时效,材料中析出弥散第二相粒子Fe2Nb,阻止晶粒长大,提高强度,防止高温引起的材料软化。材料的高温强度是由固溶铌以及铌析出物的共同作用引起的,当固溶铌析出形成析出物时,固溶铌含量减少引起的强度降低以及析出引起强度升高的竞争导致了材料的强度变化。     

新型汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢的冷凝液腐蚀研究

 铁素体不锈钢中Cr元素对其耐腐蚀性能起着非常重要的作用。本文采用实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验方法,对一系列汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢在实验室模拟冷凝液中的腐蚀性能进行了研究。所有钢种经过10周期的实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验后,研究结果表明：Cr当量高于17%的铁素体不锈钢与含17%Cr的铁素体不锈钢耐实验室冷凝液腐蚀性能相当,且平均腐蚀失重量均小于6g/m2,平均最大腐蚀深度均小于0.03mm。在此实验结果的基础上,对新开发的439M型铁素体不锈钢和409L型铁素体不锈钢进一步开展5周期、10周期、20周期的实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验,并使用极值分析方法对三种周期冷凝液腐蚀实验后样品的最大点蚀深度进行统计分析,研究结果表明,新开发的439M型铁素体不锈钢的预测寿命是409L的1.6倍。     

Stainless Steels for Exhaust Lines

Exhaust lines of cars have been strongly evolving during the last decade to meet the various requirements of the automotive industry and the new environment regulations. This development tends to favour stainless steel grades to replace cast iron for the exhaust manifold and aluminized low carbon steel for pipes and mufflers. Among the various stainless steel grades, the proportion of ferritic grade increases for the hot part of the exhaust system as its price is lower and more stable than austenitic or refractory grades, and as it exhibits a better resistance to cyclic oxidation. A large and rapid development of stainless ferritic grades has been based on Ti and Nb stabilization. Adding niobium presents many advantages for corrosion resistance, deep‐drawability, and mainly creep resistance at high temperature. The paper is focused on stainless steel with 14 wt% chromium, stabilized with Nb. Intermetallic precipitation is studied after a 100 h holding time at different temperatures (sag tests). It is shown that, depending on the test temperature and on the chemical composition of the steel, Fe₂Nb or Fe₂Nb₃ intermetallic particles can precipitate, which affects the creep resistance: Fe₂Nb₃ being more stable at higher temperature. Some impacts on the alloy design dedicated to exhaust line application are presented as a conclusion of the study.     

Development of heat-resistant ferritic stainless steels for exhaust lines at Nisshin Steel

Exhaust emission regulations of the automotive are enforced in each country to prevent air pollution and global warming,and the restriction standard tends to become severer.Various techniques such as the combustion improvement of gasoline,upgrades of the catalyst,and the thermal capacity decreases in the exhaust lines are adopted to suit the regulations,and these lead to an increase of the maximum temperature of the exhaust gas. Recently,ferritic stainless steels are mainly used to parts of exhaust lines,as their thermal expansion coefficient is small,and the cyclic oxidation resistance and the thermal fatigue property are better than austenitic stainless steels. This paper presents newly developed heat-resistant stainless steels from Nisshin Steel for exhaust lines usage,and describes the currents of the steel development that could be envisaged in the future.With regard to improving the high-temperature strength of ferritic stainless steels,the addition of Nb,Mo and Cu is effective in solution hardening and precipitation hardening at 700℃,while the addition of Nb,Mo and W is effective in mainly solution hardening at 900℃.The addition of Cr,Si and Mn suppress the breakaway oxidation in air at 950℃up to 200 h of ferritic stainless steels containing 14%Cr.Especially,the addition of 0.8%or higher Mn would effectively improve the adherence of oxide scale.It is confirmed that ferritic stainless steels,NSSHR-1(14Cr-lMn-0.9Si-Nb) and NSSHR-2(10Cr-0.9Si-Nb-Ti ),is having a superior heat resistance,formability and cost performance compared to conventional Type441 and Type439 respectively.     

Inclusion control of ultra clean ferritic stainless steel

The most important characteristics of the ultra clean ferritic stainless steel is that the carbon,nitrogen and other interstitial elements are very low.The ultra clean ferritic stainless steel has been widely used for household appliances,auto exhaust system,elevator,water treatment system,building roof and other various fields,because of its low cost,pro-environment,excellent properties.They can replace some traditional austenitic stainless steel.such 304 and 316L.The addition of titanium to liquid steel has become common for stabilizing nitrogen and carbon in steel.Titanium reacts with nitrogen,carbon,and oxygen to form titanium nitride,carbide, carbonitride and oxide.These inclusions may have a deleterious effect on the properties such as toughness, ductility,weldability and corrosion.In addition,the inclusions can also agglomerate and cause surface quality problem of the slab and clogging of the submerged entry nozzle during continuous casting process. The formation rules of inclusions in ultra clean ferritic stainless steel were investigated by the thermodynamic calculation,and methods of controlling inclusions were put forward to improve the quality of product.The composition,type,amount,size and distribution of the inclusions in the slab are investigated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.The results can be concluded as follows.（1） In the slab,the main original inclusions,with size of larger than 2μm,are Al₂O₃,TiN or Ti（CN） and complex TiN or Ti（CN） inclusion with core of MgO,MgO-Al₂O₃ and Ti₂o₃,which will not affect the performance of the steel if they are in diffusing distribution.The size of these inclusions are less than 10μm except some Al₂O₃ inclusions in size of 10-40μm.（2） Foreign inclusions are Ti₂O₃-Al₂O₃-MgO-SiO₂ in size above 50μm covered by TiN or Ti （CN）.Although these inclusions are few,they do harm to the surface quality of stainless steel.It is able to reduce the risk of forming this kind of inclusion by aluminium deoxidation with increasing Al content to restrain the formation of Ti₂O₃.（3 ） TiN or Ti（CN） is easy to precipitate on inclusions such as MgO,MgO-Al₂O₃ and Ti₂O₃,except Al₂O₃.Controlling the content of[Ti]and[N]and the formation of the oxides can be used to control the precipitation of TiN or Ti（CN）.