全民食盐加碘前后不同地区儿童碘营养状况分析

目的　了解不同地区儿童碘营养状况在全民食盐加碘前后有何变化。方法　对安徽省大别山、巢湖缺碘地区及合肥市学龄儿童在全民食盐加碘前及全民食盐加碘一年后进行碘营养状况调查。结果　全民食盐加碘前已进行了长期碘盐防治碘缺乏病工作的大别山区儿童尿碘中位数由２６９．１μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的３９２０μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由２４％ 下降至１４４％ 。巢湖组儿童尿碘中位数由全民食盐加碘前１９２μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的３８４０μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由５４１％ 降至２０６％ 。合肥市儿童尿碘中位数由全民食盐加碘前７９２μｇ／ Ｌ 升至全民食盐加碘后的２６８８μｇ／ Ｌ，甲肿率由４０％ 升至７５％ 。全民食盐加碘一年后３个地区儿童尿碘超过１００μｇ／ Ｌ 者均占９５％ 以上。结论　全民食盐加碘后不同碘营养地区儿童均在一个碘充足的状态，补碘效果明显。     

孕妇和乳母及0～6岁儿童碘营养状况调查

目的 了解孕妇、乳母、儿童和婴幼儿碘营养状况,评估综合补碘干预的效果。方法 整群抽样法,主要检测其尿碘水平,进行有关影响碘营养状况分析。结果 孕妇２６９人,尿碘中位数（Ｍ）为２６０．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００ｇ／Ｌ者占４．８％,乳母８４人,Ｍ为１８３．０μｇ／Ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１５．５％,儿童１９５２人,同２２６．０μ／ｌ,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ者占１０．１％,其尿碘水平高于普碘盐前的儿童尿碘水平调查资     

沿海地区全民食盐加碘防治碘缺乏病效果分析

目的　评价全民食盐加碘对碘缺乏病病情消长趋势的影响。方法　在食盐加碘 ２ 年后采用容量比例概率法在闽东南沿海 １０ 个县、市、区各抽取 １ ２００ 名 ８～１０ 岁儿童进行甲状腺肿大率调查,每个县、市、区再抽检 ２１０ 名儿童进行尿碘水平和家中盐碘含量的测定,并在莆田市观察 ２ ７７２名新生儿脐带血（全血）ｓ Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 水平。结果　１９９７ 年 １０ 个县、市、区儿童甲肿率为 １４０５％ ,尿碘水平大于 １００μｇ／ Ｌ 所占比例为 ６８３７％ ,大部分县、市、区儿童尿碘中位数大于 １００μｇ／ Ｌ,莆田市新生儿的ｓ Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 大于 ５ｍ Ｕ／ Ｌ 占 ２０３％ 。结论　闽东南沿海居民经 ２ 年的全民食盐加碘的干预措施后,碘缺乏病病情已明显下降,居民的碘营养得到改善,但对孕妇和 ０～２ 岁婴幼儿的碘营养监测和补碘工作仍需加强。     

杭州市区补碘前后儿童碘营养状况调查分析

对杭州市区环境碘和１０２５８人次８～１０岁儿童补碘前后及防治二年后碘营养状况进行对比调查分析。结果显示：饮水碘为１．４８μｇ／Ｌ，膳食碘共计６０．５μｇ／ｄ，盐碘０．５２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，防治前儿童触诊甲肿率１０．０２％，Ｂ超甲肿率１４．９８％，尿碘中位数７０．０１μｇ／Ｌ，大于１００μｇ／Ｌ仅占３０．２０％，儿童平均智商为１１２．１４，其中郊区儿童为１０４．４５。经过落实以食盐加碘为主的综合防治措施二年后，儿童甲肿率下降至５．１６％。尿碘中位数上升到２４３．１５μｇ／Ｌ，儿童平均智商为１１４．３７。表明防治前杭州市区外环境和人群机体内环境同样存在碘缺乏，碘干预措施是我市防治碘缺乏病的积极有效方法。     

三峡库区居民碘缺乏病现状调查

目的 了解三峡库区秭归县碘缺乏病防治现状,为制定防治决策提供依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样法,对该地区居民户盐碘含量,８～１０岁儿童甲状腺肿大率,居民和儿童尿碘水平进行现况调查。结果 ４２５份居民户盐碘合格率７１．４％;４４８名儿童甲状腺肿大率４．２％;１１２名儿童和１３０名居民尿碘中位数分别为３２２．１０、２９６．８０ｕｇ／Ｌ。结论 通过食盐加碘地区儿童甲肿率和人群尿碘水平均达到了消除标准,居民户     

克拉玛依市特殊人群碘缺乏病监测结果分析

采用放射免疫法对克拉玛依市区５１０例新生儿脐带血ＴＳＨ和１２２例２～４岁儿童的ＴＳＨ及１２７例８～１０岁儿童尿碘进行测定,市区新生儿ＴＳＨ值〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ 占２２．９％;２～４岁儿童ＴＳＨ值大〉５μＩＵ／ｍｌ占１．７％,８～１０岁儿童尿碘〉１００μｇ／Ｌ占９８．４％,〈１００μｇ／Ｌ 占１．６％。甲状腺肿大率为１６．６７％（触诊法）。调查结果表明克拉玛依市还存在着碘缺乏。     

青海省黄河流域碘缺乏病区儿童智力调查分析

对青海黄河流域碘缺乏病区７～１４岁学龄儿童机抽取３２１名进行了智力测验，尿碘测量，甲状腺肿大率三项指标的调查，旨在掌握对青海省黄河流域缺碘病区，在以实施１：２００００的食盐加碘为主，辅以碘油的碘干预措施１０年后，儿童智力及碘营养水平状况，其结果，甲状腺肿大率（触诊法）均〉５％，尿碘中位数最高１５８．７０μｇ／Ｌ，最低７０．８２μｇ／Ｌ，平均智商水平Ｘ＝８０．６７±１２．５５，≤６９占１９．６２％，     

常州市已实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标

江苏省常州市实施以食盐加碘为主的控制碘缺乏病防治措施多年,目前已实现了消除碘缺乏病的阶段性目标。居民食用合格碘盐比例达９９．４％,尿碘中位数３７３．９μｇ／Ｌ,悄样碘含量大于１００μｇ／Ｌ的比例占９５．６％,大于５０μｇ／Ｌ的比例占９９％,８－１０岁学龄儿童甲状腺肿大率,触诊为５．９％,Ｂ超法为３．５％。根据本地区的实际情况,食盐加碘量应当依据社区居民盐的食用量或其它来源碘量的变化面加以调整。     

安徽省全民食用碘盐1年后碘缺乏病防治效果

目的 了解全民食用碘盐防治碘缺乏病的效果和儿童碘营养、甲状腺功能的变化状态。方法用与全民食用碘盐前对比方法,对安徽大别山、巢湖碘缺乏病区和合肥市共３４９９例７～１４岁儿童在全民食盐加碘１年后的碘营养、甲状腺功能进行了分析。结果 发现大别山、巢湖甲肿率分别由２４．０％,５４．１％降为１１．４％,１７．８％,合肥市增高（７．５％）,上升率８７．５％;尿碘平均水平在２５０μｇ／Ｌ以上;垂体一甲状腺轴功能     

合肥市儿童碘营养状况调查分析

通过对合肥市３０所小学１２００名１０岁学龄儿童供碘前的甲状腺肿大率、尿碘、智商ＩＱ的系统调查，结果甲状腺肿大率２１．０８％（触诊法），Ｂ超声检查９．０８％，尿碘中位数７５．４μｇ／Ｌ，平均智商１０７，智力低下的儿童占１．０％。综合这些研究结果，提示合肥市儿童碘营养不足，呈轻度碘缺乏状态。说明碘缺乏不仅存在于农村，城市也可发生，实施全民食盐加碘工作乃当务之急。     

Body Adiposity Index and Body Roundness Index in Identifying Insulin Resistance Among Adults Without Diabetes

Background

Body adiposity index (BAI) and body roundness index (BRI), initially developed to assess obesity, were evaluated here to detect insulin resistance in comparison with traditional anthropometric indices of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and abdominal volume index (AVI).

Total Body Water and Peak Alcohol Concentration: A Comparative Study of Young, Middle-Age, and Older Females

A search of the alcohol research literature reveals that very little experimental work has been done to describe the effects of alcohol in older females. In the present study, the effects of age and body water volume on the resultant peak alcohol concentration were observed for females ranging in age from 21 to 81. The peak alcohol concentration was estimated by breath testing in three groups of female volunteer subjects: young (21 to 25 years old), middle-age (35 to 47 years old), and older (>60 years old) after ingestion of 30 g of alcohol. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric equations were used to estimate total body water, percent body water, and percent body fat for each subject. Significantly higher blood alcohol concentrations were obtained in older females [mean blood alcohol concentration (+/-SD) = 0.0975+/-0.018], compared with younger females (0.0818+/-0.016 and 0.0811+/-0.012). The results suggest, however, that this effect cannot be fully explained by the notion that older persons have a smaller body water volume. Particular attention is paid to the difference between total body water in liters and body water expressed as a percentage of body weight. Evidence is offered to demonstrate that percent body fat is not a determinant of the blood alcohol level an individual will attain. The findings are discussed with particular reference to the lack of experimental work involving older females and alcohol.     

老年男性体脂含量的调查

目的为了解老年人体内的体脂含量、肥胖发生率,正确指导老年人的合理饮食,控制体重,降低患病的危险性,特在我院体检人群中开展调查。方法用测定生物电阻抗法(BIA)测定人体体脂含量。结果老年男性从体脂含量和体质指数的均值分别为21.988±5.786、23.85±3.103,均属超重超脂型,年龄与体脂含量呈负相关(P<0.01),各年龄组中,60~69岁年龄组肥胖检出率明显高于其他两组(P<0.01)。结论老年男性体脂含量高,但随着年龄的增长而减少。     

体质特点与脉压的相关性研究

目的:研究人群体质特点与脉压的相关关系.方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法选取8 371名成年人,根据年龄分为青年组、中年组及老年组3组,研究各项体质指标与脉压的关系.结果:男女两性脉压大多随体重指数及腰臀比四分位数的增加而呈升高趋势,尤以女性为明显.性别在青年人群为一明显影响因素,而在中老年人群其与脉压相关性不明显.每周参加锻炼次数在老年组与脉压呈负相关.结论:防治超重及中心型肥胖有助于降低脉压,尤其对女性和中青年人群,老年人经常参加体育锻炼可以降低脉压及心脑血管发病危险.     

Triceps Skinfold as a Prognostic Predictor in Outpatient Heart Failure

Background

Most reports regarding the obesity paradox have focused on body mass index (BMI) to classify obesity and the prognostic values of other indirect measurements of body composition remain poorly examined in heart failure (HF).

Objective

To evaluate the association between BMI and other indirect, but easily accessible, body composition measurements associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in HF.

Methods

Anthropometric parameters of body composition were assessed in 344 outpatients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤50% from a prospective HF cohort that was followed-up for 30 ± 8.2 months. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Results

HF patients were predominantly male, of non-ischemic etiology, and had moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction (mean LVEF = 32 ± 9%). Triceps skinfold (TSF) was the only anthropometric index that was associated with HF prognosis and had significantly lower values in patients who died (p = 0.047). A TSF ≥ 20 mm was present in 9% of patients that died and 22% of those who survived (p = 0.027). Univariate analysis showed that serum creatinine level, LVEF, and NYHA class were associated with the risk of death, while Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that TSF ≥ 20 was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.13-0.97, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Although BMI is the most widely used anthropometric parameter in clinical practice, our results suggested that TSF is a better predictive marker of mortality in HF outpatients.     

福州成年人群体成分与高血压风险评估

目的 分析福州地区成年人群体成分特点并建立估测体脂含量(%BF)的回归方程,评估%BF对高血压患病风险的预测价值.方法 抽样人群602人(男性310人,女性292人),各年龄层人数比符合福州地区常住(5年及以上)居民年龄构成比.测量人选人群的血压、身高、体重、腰围、体重指数(BMI)等,应用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)检测体成分指标(总体脂肪、瘦组织质量).分析抽样人群的腰围、BMI和体成分特征,X2检验分析与BMI≥25 kg/m2诊断一致性的腰围和%BF切点,多元回归分析建立估测人群%BF的回归方程,logistic回归分析%BF对高血压患病风险的预测.结果 成年男、女性人群的%BF、脂肪质量/瘦组织质量随年龄增长而增加,女性%BF明显高于男性.与BMI≥325 kg/m2诊断一致性最高的腰围和%BF切点分别为85 cm、25%(男)和80 cm、35%(女).Logistic回归分析显示,年龄每增加一个等级的高血压患病比数比为1.49(男)和1.75(女),%BF每增加一个等级的高血压患病比数比为1.57(男)和1.65(女),BMI和腰围未能进入回归方程.结论 与BMI 25 kg/m2作为肥胖判定切点一致的%BF切点为25%(男)和35%(女),体成分分析能更好地预测高血压的患病风险.     

体重与2型糖尿病病程的关系

目的分析体重与2型糖尿病（T2DM）病程的关系。方法T2DM患者990人，收集其既往最大体重、出现最大体重时的年龄和腰围，诊断糖尿病时的体重、年龄及腰围，目前的身高、体重、腰围以及药物治疗状况。结果T2DM患者的最大体重出现在诊断DM之前。T2DM患者的体重呈逐渐下降趋势。有DM家族史的患者，无论是出现最大体重的年龄还是DM的诊断年龄以及目前的年龄，均早于无DM家族史的一组。既往最大体重与诊断时体重高度相关。结论肥胖是中国人T2DM自然病程的早期表现，不能忽视既往病史中最大体重和最大腰围对T2DM发病的影响。     

Body composition and hip fracture type in elderly women

Many observations support the view that there are significant differences between patients sustaining trochanteric fractures and those sustaining cervical fractures of the hip. Our aim was to evaluate the association between soft tissue composition (fat and lean compartments) and the type of hip fracture sustained. Of 120 consecutive women affected by their first hip fracture admitted to our rehabilitation hospital 102 were included in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed by DXA. Body fat mass was lower in the women with trochanteric fracture than in those with cervical fracture (difference between groups: 2.86 kg; 95% CI 0.10–5.61 kg; p=0.042). The percentage of fat was 30.75±8.77 (mean±SD) versus 34.75±7.29 (difference between groups: 4.00; 95% CI 0.84–7.16; p=0.014). In contrast, no meaningful differences in body lean mass were shown between the two groups. Logistic multiple regression showed that fat mass was associated with the type of fracture independently of age, height, weight, time between fracture occurrence and DEXA assessment, comorbidity, number of drugs in use, lean mass and bone mineral content. The logistic regression results were similar when fat percentage was substituted for fat mass. The data show that fat but not lean body mass is associated with the type of hip fracture, contributing to the definition of the differences between patients sustaining cervical or trochanteric fractures. We stress the importance of distinguishing the two types of fracture when clinical or epidemiological studies related to body composition, including those regarding nutrition or physical exercise, are performed.Abbreviations BMD Bone mineral density - DEXA Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - BMC Bone mineral content