活性艳蓝染料KNR的辐照降解研究

用Coγ射线辐照活性艳蓝KNR水溶液,研究活性染料的辐照降解特性。以脱色率和化学需氧量COD60(Chemicaloxygendemand)去除率为降解指标,研究了活性艳蓝KNR水溶液在受辐照前后的紫外可见光谱变化,并探讨了吸收剂量、H2O2加入量、初始浓度、溶液pH值和溶液在不同气体饱和下对降解效果的影响。结果表明,辐射技术能有效降解活性艳蓝染料,脱色效果十分理想,COD去除率可达80%以上。     

γ辐射降解高浓度氨氮条件下苯酚的研究

采用60 Coγ射线辐射降解苯酚,通过分析辐照前后苯酚去除率与化学需氧量(COD)的变化,研究了苯酚浓度、氨氮质量浓度、吸收剂量、初始pH值和自由基清除剂对苯酚的辐射降解效果的影响。结果表明:γ辐射技术能有效降解高浓度氨氮环境中的苯酚,苯酚及其COD去除率随着吸收剂量的增加而增大,苯酚的辐射降解符合准一级动力学方程;吸收剂量相同时,苯酚初始浓度越高,苯酚去除率越低;氨氮质量浓度对γ辐射去除水溶液中苯酚未见显著影响,辐照前后氨氮质量浓度变化不大;弱酸性条件更利于溶液中苯酚的去除;苯酚的辐射降解机理以·OH氧化为主。     

茜素红的辐射降解研究

用60Co γ射线辐照茜素红水溶液,研究该染料的辐射降解特性.通过对辐照前后茜素红的紫外可见光谱、脱色率、总有机碳(Total organic carbon,TOC)去除率的研究.探讨了吸收剂量、初始浓度、溶液pH值、H2O2加入量、在不同气体饱和条件下对茜素红溶液降解和矿化效果的影响.结果表明,辐射技术能有效降解茜素红染料,在空气饱和双氧水浓度为4mmol/L的条件下,吸收剂量为7.5kGy时,茜素红脱色率可达98%,TOC去除率可达70%.     

对硝基苯胺的辐照降解研究

采用电子束辐照对硝基苯胺水溶液,研究了对硝基苯胺的辐照降解过程,并对吸收剂量、初始浓度、溶液pH及H202加入等因素对辐照降解效果的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,电子束辐照能够有效地降解对硝基苯胺。初始浓度为100mg／L,吸收剂量为20kGy时,对硝基苯胺的降解率可达95％以上,化学需氧量（Chemical oxygen demand,COD）的去除率可达41％以上。     

电子束辐照处理水溶液中的活性染料

印染废水是我国工业废水的主要品种之一,如何有效处理印染废水是当今一个重要的研究课题。本文选择两种活性染料为处理对象,研究其在电子束辐照下的降解和脱色。通过染料水溶液受到辐照前后的紫外可见光谱的分析,以及化学需氧量、吸光度和溶液pH值的变化,研究其辐射降解脱色特性。同时研究了过氧化氢对染料辐射降解的协同作用。结果显示利用辐射技术处理印染废水具有相当好的应用前景。     

4–氯酚的γ射线辐照降解研究

利用 Co γ射线(2.2—14.9kGy)辐照 4-氯酚水溶液,研究了其辐照降解特性。通过对辐照前后 4-氯 60酚的紫外可见光谱、有机氯脱除率、化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand, COD)去除率的研究,探讨了吸收剂量、H2O2加入量、初始浓度、溶液 pH 值对降解效果的影响。结果表明,这一辐射技术能有效降解 4-氯酚,有机氯脱除率可达 100%,COD 去除率可达 65.8%。     

4-氯酚的γ射线辐照降解研究

利用^60Coγ射线(2．2—14．9kGy)辐照4-氯酚水溶液，研究了其辐照降解特性。通过对辐照前后4-氯酚的紫外可见光谱、有机氯脱除率、化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)去除率的研究，探讨了吸收剂量、H2O2加入量、初始浓度、溶液pH值对降解效果的影响。结果表明，这一辐射技术能有效降解4-氯酚，有机氯脱除率可达100％，COD去除率可达65．8％。     

~(60)Co γ射线辐照五种常见渔药在水溶液中降解作用的研究

本文采用0—10kGy的60Coγ射线对水溶液中的磺胺二甲基嘧啶、噁喹酸、氯霉素、呋喃唑酮、土霉素进行处理,并测定了环境的酸碱性、空气、温度对辐照降解率的影响。结果表明,60Coγ射线辐照处理能显著降解五种常见渔药在水中的残留,吸收剂量越大,渔药的降解率越高;初始浓度越低,越有利于渔药的去除。当吸收剂量为8kGy时,五种渔药(初始浓度100mg/L)的降解率均达到90%以上,酸碱性和空气环境对不同种类的渔药降解率影响有一定的差异,降低温度对渔药降解有明显抑制作用。     

甲基橙溶液的辐射降解研究

以60Coγ射线为辐射源,对偶氮染料甲基橙进行了γ射线辐射降解研究,探讨了H2O2加入量、吸收剂量、初始浓度和溶液pH值对辐射降解结果的影响。结果表明,γ射线辐射能有效降解甲基橙,化学需氧量(CoD)去除率可达80％以上,脱色效果显著。H2O2加入量、吸收剂量、初始浓度均与甲基橙的降解效率有关,而溶液的pH值对降解影响不大。实验证实,利用γ射线辐射降解技术处理染料废水是一种可行的方案。     

伽玛射线辐照降解水溶液中土霉素及其降解路径的研究

探索了γ-射线辐照降解土霉素(Oxytetracycline,OTC)的高效、无二次污染的方法,研究了γ-射线吸收剂量、OTC溶液初始浓度(C0)和p H值对辐照降解效率的影响。结果表明,吸收剂量越高、OTC溶液初始浓度越低、p H值越低,则OTC降解率越高。采用液相色谱质谱联用仪检测到m/z为447、443、433、279和218的降解产物,结合量化计算OTC及其中间产物能量、键级性质、自然布居分析提出两条OTC降解路径。路径一首先降解N(27)和C(10)上的甲基,之后在C(12)-C(15)、C(13)-C(18)处断裂生成m/z为279的产物,最后于C(10)处脱水生成m/z为261的物质;路径二首先发生脱水和结构重排,其后从C(13)-C(14)处断裂生成m/z为230的稠环产物,最后碳氧杂环降解掉CH2和羧酸基团。质谱检测降解产物并结合量化计算解释能高效准确地提出OTC的γ-射线辐照降解路径。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.