植物油基聚酯酰胺多元醇的合成及其在水性聚氨酯中的应用

以菜籽油和二乙醇胺为原料制备了脂肪醇酰胺混合多元醇RDEA，进一步和己二酸等原料反应合成了系列的聚酯酰胺多元醇，并对两类多元醇进行了表征。以聚酯酰胺多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯等原料合成了水性聚氨酯脲（PUU）分散液及聚氨酯脲-乙烯基聚合物（PUA）复合水分散液，并对其流变性能及稳定性进行了研究。     

纳米银对复合水凝胶性质影响的研究

超声波作用于含有单体AMPS、MMA和交联剂MBA的Ag NO3水溶液,使Ag+还原为纳米级的银粒子,与此同时单体和交联剂形成共聚物,从而在无引发剂和还原剂的条件下制备出纳米银/P(AMPS-MMA)复合水凝胶。TEM表明,制备的纳米银粒径在10~20nm,粒径分布较窄,且均匀地分散在水凝胶聚合物里;通过研究纳米银/P(AMPS-MMA)复合水凝胶和P(AMPS-MMA)水凝胶的溶胀率、溶胀动力学、退溶胀动力学和温敏性质等表明,纳米银增强了复合水凝胶的吸水性能和提高了复合水凝胶的温敏性。     

有机硅氧烷微乳液改性聚氨酯脲-丙烯酸酯复合水分散液的研究

用N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷与表面活性剂OP-10，制备了室温贮存稳定性大于6个月的有机硅氧烷微乳液。后者与聚氨酯脲．丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合水分散液共混，制备了改性PUA复合水分散液，并通过FT-IR、ATR、粒度分析、Zeta电位对改性水分散液以及成膜后的表面性能进行了表征。实验结果表明，与PUA复合水分散液相比．改性水分散液的粒径减小，粒径分布变宽。改性水分散液成膜后，表面呈现出很好的疏水性能和较低的表面能，与成膜过程中有机硅氧烷在膜表面的富集效应有关。     

聚氨酯脲－乙烯基聚合物复合水分散液

以蓖麻油、二官能度聚醚多元醇（ＧＥ ２１０）、苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯等原料合成了聚氨酯脲－乙烯基聚合物（ＰＵＡ）复合水分散液,并研究了这类水分散体系的粒子形态、流变性能以及稳定性。结果表明,分别由蓖麻油以及蓖麻油与ＧＥ ２１０质量比为１／ｌ合成的ＰＵＡ分散液中的分散相呈现出较好的核壳结构,分散液的粘度较小,接近于牛顿流体,且体系的电位绝对值和临界聚沉浓度较大。由ＧＥ ２１０合成的ＰＵＡ复合水分散液中未观察到规则的分散粒子,分散液的粘度较大,表现为假塑性流体,且对电解质较敏感。     

有机硅氧烷微乳液改性聚氨酯脲-丙烯酸酯复合水分散液的研究

用N-β.氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三乙氧基硅烷与表面活性荆OP-10,制备了室温贮存稳定性大于6个月的有机硅氧烷微乳液。后者与聚氨酯脲-丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合水分散液共混。制备了改性PUA复合水分散渡,并通过FT-IR、ATR、粒度分析、Zeta电位对改性水分散液以及成膜后的表面性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,与PUA复合水分散液相比,改性水分散液的粒径减小,粒径分布变宽。改性水分散液成膜后,表面呈现出很好的疏水性能和较低的表面能,与成膜过程中有机硅氧烷在膜表面的富集效应有关。     

耐磨涂料——含无机粒子的增强了耐划伤性的涂料：WO2005-40 289

提高了耐划伤性的涂料组合物含一种有机成膜基料（选自环氧树脂、聚氨酯、氨基树脂、丙烯酸树脂、乙烯基聚合物、本分醛树脂、苯乙烯－丁二烯共聚物、聚酯及醇酸树脂）和分散于水性或醇类溶剂中的无机粒子，     

聚丙烯酰胺/碳量子点/氧化石墨烯复合水凝胶制备及其性能分析

目前相比于只用一种物理交联剂,同时用两种物理交联剂提高复合水凝胶力学性能的研究少有报道。为了研究同时以碳量子点（CQDs）和氧化石墨烯（GO）作为多官能度物理交联剂对复合水凝胶力学性能的影响,本文首先分别用低温水热法和改进的Hummer法制备了50mg/mL 的CQDs水分散液和5mg/mL的GO水分散液。通过原位自由基聚合的方法,改变CQDs和GO用量,制备了一系列聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）类纳米复合水凝胶（PAM/CQDs/GO）。利用X射线衍射仪、拉力机和流变仪对所得的水凝胶进行表征和测试。得出当用1mL的CQDs水分散液和4mL的GO水分散液制备的PAM/CQDs/GO复合水凝胶力学综合性能最好,其断裂伸长率为3916.86%,拉伸强度为165.3kPa,杨氏模量为33.36kPa。结果表明：适量的CQDs和GO都能提高PAM/CQDs/GO复合水凝胶的多种力学性能,其中GO更有利于增大纳米复合水凝胶的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和耗散能,而CQDs更有利于增大断裂伸长率。与GO相反,CQDs的加入能提高纳米复合水凝胶的黏性、降低其刚性和再次被拉伸时的杨氏模量。通过对CQDs和GO的用量进行调节,可以制备出力学性能不同的纳米复合水凝胶,以满足不同领域的需要,拓宽水凝胶的应用范围。     

悬浮聚合制备丙烯酸粉末涂料

先用偶联剂对钛白粉进行有机化处理，将钛白粉分散于丙烯酸酯单体，然后进行悬浮聚合制备了丙烯酸粉末涂料。讨论了聚乙烯醇（PVA）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对合成工艺和产物的影响。试验结果表明：采用PVA作分散剂，SDBS作协助分散剂，分散体系稳定，粒径小。通过电镜观察粒子的形态结构看出；采用悬浮聚合制得的粒子呈规整的球形结构，传统的熔融混炼粉碎法制得的粒子形状不规整。     

形状记忆聚氨酯脲/SiO2纳米复合材料的研究

采用原位分散法合成了形状记忆水性聚氨酯脲(SPU)/SiO2复合水分散液.考察了SiO2含量对SPU水分散液性能及其膜的结构与性能的影响.研究发现,随着SiO2含量的增大,SPU水分散液粒径减小;SPU软段Tg增大,软硬段间的微相分离程度降低;SPU膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量显著增加,断裂伸长率下降;吸水率小幅增大,与水的接触角变化不大.SiO2质量分数低于5%时,SPU水分散液具有较好的稳定性,SiO2的加入能显著提高SPU膜的形状固定率.     

甲基丙烯酸钆/丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

采用重结晶法制备了甲基丙烯酸钆[Gd(MAA)3],然后分别以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和硫黄为硫化体系制备了Gd(MAA)3/丁腈橡胶(NBR)复合材料,表征了Gd(MAA)3粒子及其复合材料的相态结构,研究了复合材料的硫化特性、拉伸性能和X射线屏蔽性能。结果表明,Gd(MAA)3原生粒子结构规整性好,粒径小,粒径分布均匀,同时配体的不饱和双键具有反应活性;在DCP引发下发生原位反应的Gd(MAA)3粒子在橡胶基体中分散更好、粒径更小、与基体界面作用力更强;2种复合材料的X射线屏蔽性能相当,但以DCP为硫化剂制得的复合材料的拉伸性能有明显改善。     

含烷氧基硅烷水性聚氨酯自交联乳液的粒度研究

合成了3种自交联的水性聚氨酯,研究了其乳液粒度的变化情况。结果表明,不同的pH对同种乳液的粒径大小有一定的影响;不同的水性聚氨酯乳液粒度在相同pH下,也随水解基团的水解能力大小而变化。并提出在实际使用中如要保证乳液的稳定性,应将中和度控制在中性或微碱性条件,交联基团也依实际用途选择。     

PDMS乳液/硅溶胶杂化水分散体系及其复合膜的制备与表征

以聚硅氧烷(PDMS)乳液/硅溶胶杂化水分散液为成膜基质,硅烷偶联剂KH 550为固化剂,制备了双组分水基有机硅涂料;将其固化后得到PDMS/硅溶胶复合膜。通过水分散液的粒径分布及红外光谱分析,研究了水分散液的脱水成膜过程;采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合膜的断面和表面形态进行了表征。结果表明:PDMS乳液加入硅溶胶后,粒径分布变宽,粒径略有增加;成膜后,硅溶胶粒子与PDMS长链发生了相互作用,并作为分散相被包埋在PDMS中;复合膜表面形成簇状结构,表面粗糙度随着硅溶胶含量的增加而增加。当硅溶胶与PDMS乳液的固体质量比由10%增加到30%时,复合膜的拉伸强度由0.76MPa升高到3.10MPa,而拉断伸长率从680%下降到470%。     

Morphology and particle size of nanograde polyurethane/polyacrylate hybrid emulsions

Poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) composite particles were prepared by seeded surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization. The aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions were used as seed particles. The diameters of the seed particles of the aqueous PU dispersions and PUA composite latexes were measured by dynamic light scattering. The microstructures of the PUA composite emulsion particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The influences of the amount of the hydrophilic chain extender, the types of initiators, and the PU/polyacrylate (PA) weight ratios on the diameters of the aqueous PU and composite emulsions were also studied. The results showed that the PUA composite emulsions formed a core–shell structure with PU as the shell and with PA as the core. The diameter of the PU seed particles and the particle size of the PUA composite emulsions greatly depended on the amounts of the hydrophilic chain extender used in the preparation of the PU seed; when the hydrophilic chain extender concentration was 7.4%, the average diameter of the PUA composite emulsion particles showed the minimum value. The types of initiators and PU/PA weight ratios did not have a significant influence on the diameter of the PUA composite latex particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation and stability of aqueous acrylic polyol dispersions for two-component waterborne polyurethane

In this study, aqueous acrylic polyol dispersions with high stability for a two-component waterborne polyurethane were prepared. To improve the stability of acrylic dispersions, the influence of the acrylic acid (AA) addition method, neutralization, water addition rate during the dilution process, and dispersion equipment on the stability of the aqueous acrylic polyol dispersion was studied using dynamic light scattering and a thermal storage experiment. The acrylic resins’ structure was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectra, and the water resistance of the resultant films was investigated by electrochemical measurements and a water-swelling experiment. The dispersions prepared by two-step AA addition exhibited better particle size distribution, viscosity, and thermal storage compared with those prepared by one-step AA addition. Furthermore, the acrylic resin prepared by two-step AA addition was observed to possess a higher acid value. The corrosion currents of films based on dispersions prepared by two-step AA addition decreased to a smaller extent after 24 h of immersion in water. The dispersions afforded smaller particles when larger amounts of neutralizer and slower water addition rates were used. The dispersions prepared using a sawtooth disk dispersion machine displayed better performance than that prepared using a homogenizer dispersion machine.     

细乳液聚合制备和表征聚（BA—St）／SiO2杂化微球

在纳米二氧化硅水分散介质中,使用阴离子乳化剂（SDS）,通过细乳液聚合成功制备了一系列聚（BA—St）／SiO2杂化微球。杂化微球的平均粒径在98nm～130nm。研究了纳米二氧化硅用量和单体组成等影响因素对杂化粒子粒径和形态的影响,提出了一种可能的反应机理。     

非球形颗粒在矩形料斗中的流动特性(英文)

Flow behaviors of four kinds of granular particles (i.e. sphere, ellipsoid, hexahedron and binary mixture of sphere and hexahedron) in rectangular hoppers were experimentally studied. The effects of granular shape and hopper structure on flow pattern, discharge fraction, mean particle residence time and tracer concentration distribution were tested based on the visual observation and particle tracer technique. The results show that particle shape affects significantly the flow pattern. The flow patterns of sphere, ellipsoid and binary mixture are all parabolic shape, and the flow pattern shows no significant difference with the change of wedge angle. The flowing zone becomes more sharp-angled with the increasing outlet size. The flow pattern of hexahedron is featured with straight lines. The discharge rates are in increasing order from hexahedron, sphere, binary mixture to ellipsoid. The discharge rate also increases with the wedge angle and outlet size. The mean particle residence time becomes shorter when the outlet size increases. The difference of mean particle residence time between the maximum and minimum values decreases as the wedge angle increases. The residence time of hexahedron is the shortest. The tracer concentration distribution of hexahedron at any height is more uniform than that of binary mixture. The tracer concentration of sphere in the middle is lower than that near the wall, and the contrary tendency is found for ellipsoid particles.     

Anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersions based on hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene and poly(propylene glycol): Synthesis and characterization

Nonpolluting systems based on anionic polyurethane aqueous dispersions were obtained. The prepolymer based on hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) were synthesized in bulk. After neutralization with triethylamine (TEA), the anionomer prepolymer was dispersed in water, followed by a chain‐extension reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA). The prepolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and the average particle size of the aqueous dispersions was determined by laser light scattering (LLS). The mechanical behavior of polyurethane‐cast films and the adhesive properties of the aqueous dispersions as coatings for wood were evaluated. It was observed that an increase in the HTPB content provoked an increase in the viscosity and in the particle size of the dispersions. The tensile strength and the modulus values of the films and the adhesiveness of the coatings in wood were also increased by increasing the HTPB content. On the other hand, the elongation of the polyurethane‐cast films and the tackness of the surface coatings decreased as the HTPB was increased. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 566–572, 2001     

环境友好型水性聚氨酯材料耐水性的研究

采用内乳化法以聚酯多元醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPD I)合成了稳定的水性聚氨酯乳液,研究了中和方式、扩链温度、丙酮加入量及交联剂用量对水性聚氨酯涂膜耐水性的影响,制备了耐水性较好的水性聚氨酯乳液。     

聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯水分散体系稳定性研究

通过PUA水分散液一些物理性质 ,如 ζ电位、临界聚沉值 (C .C .C)、pH值、粒径及密度等的测量 ,用DLVO理论分析了聚氨酯 丙烯酸酯水分散体系的稳定性 ,并与实验测定的水分散液在不同条件下的稳定性相对照。结果表明 :用DLVO理论分析具有不同羧基 (—COOH)含量的PUA水分散液的稳定性时所得结果 ,与实验结果较吻合 ;而用该理论分析不同丙烯酸酯 (PA)含量的PUA水分散液时 ,与实验结果有偏差 ,可能与DLVO理论假设粒子形态为球形有关