High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti-22Al-27(Nb, Zr) Alloys

研究了Ti2Al Nb基合金Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr(x=0,1,6,at%)在650~800℃的氧化行为。采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对此温度区间形成的氧化层特征进行了分析。结果表明,相比Ti-22Al-27Nb,含锆合金具有较好的抗氧化性能。Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr合金在650℃氧化100 h,主要氧化产物为Ti O2,而在800℃氧化100 h,Ti O2,Al2O3和Al Nb O4为主要产物,但是在Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金中还有Zr O2生成。Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr合金具有优异抗氧化性能,归因于氧化产物细化形成了致密的氧化层,而Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金,虽然在800℃也形成了较多Al2O3,但是氧化层中的Zr O2为氧的快速扩散提供通道,进而导致该合金氧化增重明显。     

钴基高温合金的循环氧化行为研究

研究了钴基高温合金K40S在950℃和1000℃的循环氧化行为。发现合金在950℃400h以内的抗循环氧化性能较好，合金在1000℃氧化50h以后因为表面氧化膜剥落开始出现失重现象。在1000℃循环氧化初期的产物主要为Cr2O3，其次为CoCr2O4和少量的CoO,400h以后，Cr2O3基本剥落，合金表面由于Cr的损耗又生成Cr2WO6、NiCr2O4以及挥发性的WO3氧化产物。添加Si和Mn元素使K40S合金抗循环氧化性能明显地比不含Si和Mn元素的DZ40M钴基高温合金优越。     

钛及钛合金高温氧化行为研究

对工业纯钛TA2、TC4及Ti60合金分别在600、700、800℃进行氧化,得到氧化增重曲线。利用SEM、XRD等手段对氧化表面形貌、氧化产物构成及分布进行研究并分析了3种钛材在不同温度下的氧化机制。结果表明:随着温度升高,TA2、TC4以及Ti60三种钛材的抗氧化能力均有所下降,且抗氧化能力由强到弱依次为Ti60TA2TC4。工业纯钛TA2的氧化产物为TiO_2,TC4合金在600℃氧化产物为TiO_2,700、800℃为TiO_2/Al_2O_3,Ti60合金氧化产物为TiO_2/Al_2O_3。TA2和TC4钛合金在600℃时的氧化反应均受扩散过程控制,随温度升高(700、800℃),逐渐转变为界面反应控制。由于氧化产物组织结构疏松且Al_2O_3、TiO_2和基体由于热膨胀系数不同导致的应力,TC4合金氧化膜易剥落,抗氧化能力较差。Ti60合金在700、800℃的氧化反应也受扩散过程控制,Zr、Si及稀土元素的添加得到保护能力较强的致密氧化膜Al_2O_3,抗氧化能力较好。然而800℃时,富Sn、Nd相的析出诱导氧化膜剥离,抗氧化能力有所下降。     

Ti-6Al-4V微弧氧化陶瓷膜微观结构与组成研究

在NaAlO2，Na3PO4混合电解液中，利用微弧氧化（MAO）技术在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了氧化物陶瓷膜。用扫描电镜（SEM），能量散射谱仪（EDS），X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对氧化物陶瓷膜的微观结构与组成进行了分析。结果表明：微弧氧化陶瓷膜表面和界面均呈现多孔结构，表面孔径大小差别较大，界面孔径大小差别较小，氧化膜界面处较规则地平行排列着一些长丘陵状突起；氧化膜疏松层与致密层无明显界限，氧化膜与基底以犬牙交错状结合。EDS分析结果表明，氧化膜表面、界面均由Ti，Al，P，V元素组成，Al元素易在表面富集，P元素易在界面富集。XPS分析结果表明，氧化膜表面、界面存在TiO2，Al2O3，TiAl2O5等相，P元素均以PO4^3-形式存在；氧化膜界面处存在V2O5相，而表面并不存在V元素。     

不同方法制备的Cu-Si合金的高温氧化行为

采用电弧熔炼（CA）和机械合金化（MA）方法制备了不同显微组织的二元单相Cu-Si合金（CACu-0.15Si和MACu-0.15Si,CACu-1.3Si和MACu-1.3Si）,并研究了它们在700℃和800℃纯O2中的高温氧化行为。结果表明,两种方法制备的Cu-Si合金氧化后均形成了富SiO2的混合氧化区,但未形成连续的SiO2保护膜。两种成分的机械合金化Cu-Si合金的氧化速度均小于相同温度下同成分的熔炼Cu-Si合金,这是因为细晶材料及其氧化生成的氧化膜中包含了更多的晶界,为合金各元素及氧的扩散提供了更多的短路扩散通道,使它们扩散速度均有明显提高,SiO2富集区（Cu2O＋SiO2）的快速形成有效地限制了Cu的快速向外扩散。     

合金元素对Nb-Ti-Al-C合金氧化行为的影响

利用真空非自耗电弧炉制备不同Al含量的Nb-25Ti-8C合金,研究Nb-Ti-Al-C合金的组织结构及其高温氧化行为。研究表明,Nb-25Ti-8C-(0,5,10)Al合金由Nbss和(Nb,Ti)C两相构成;Nb-25Ti-8C-15Al合金由Nbss、(Nb,Ti)C和Nb3Al三相构成。800~1000℃氧化过程中,合金氧化膜为由Nb2O5,Ti O2,Al2O3,Nb O2及Ti Nb2O7多种氧化物构成的混合氧化膜。Ti、Al活性元素可优先与氧发生选择性氧化,抑制氧化物Nb2O5生成,提高氧化膜致密度和合金抗氧化性,并且氧化温度越高,Al元素改善铌合金抗氧化性能效果越明显。Nb-25Ti-8C合金800℃氧化时表现出良好的抗氧化性能,1000℃氧化时Nb-25Ti-8C-x Al合金的抗氧化性能明显优于C-103。随氧化温度升高,氧化膜中Nb2O5含量增加,导致氧化膜与合金基体的内应力增大,引起外层氧化膜脱落。碳化物中C元素以CO2形式挥发导致氧化层表面形成氧化空洞。     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

磁控溅射铬涂层锆合金包壳高温水蒸气氧化行为

目的 研究磁控溅射Cr涂层Zr-1Nb合金包壳在1 100～1 300℃水蒸气环境中的氧化行为，为制定核反应堆事故预防和管理提供依据。方法 采用卧式管式炉开展高温氧化试验，通过分析天平测量试样增重，通过扫描电子显微镜观察形貌，通过X射线能谱仪分析元素分布。结果 氧化前Cr涂层结构致密，没有明显缺陷。氧化后包壳表面形成微观的鼓包、褶皱或裂纹。Cr涂层在1 100℃和1 200℃氧化3 600 s后形成了Cr₂O₃-Cr-ZrCr₂的三层结构。1200℃下，Zr沿Cr晶界扩散到达Cr₂O₃/Cr界面后将Cr₂O₃还原，引起局部Cr₂O₃厚度减小，Cr晶界中的Zr O₂则构成了O扩散的短途通道。1 300℃氧化1 800 s和3 600 s后，Cr涂层性能退化，生成外侧ZrO₂层。在Zr基体氧含量饱和的过程中，Zr O₂生长的抛物线...     

机械合金化Ag-30Cr合金在0.1 Mpa纯氧气中的氧化

采用机械合金化方法制备了Cr含量为30％(质量分数)的两相颗粒极细的Ag—Cr合金，在700℃，800℃及0．1MPa纯氧气中氧化时，机械合金化Ag-30Cr合金外层为Ag层，其下方为复合氧化物AgCrO2，最内层为连续的Cr2O3，这一结构不同于粗晶粒粉末冶金Ag—Cr合金的复杂的混合氧化膜。这主要是由于晶粒的细化加快了Cr颗粒的溶解，加速了Cr从合金到膜的扩散，从而有效地促进Cr2O3层的形成。     

硅和铬元素对22MnB5热冲压钢氧化膜形成的影响

为明确合金成分对22MnB5热冲压钢氧化膜的作用机制，采用差热分析仪、场发射扫描电镜和电子探针等分析了试验钢的氧化增重特性、界面元素富集情况、氧化膜表面及截面特征，系统研究了Si、Cr元素对氧化膜形成、起泡和冲压粉化行为的影响规律。结果表明：在1 100℃以下温度范围内，添加Si、Cr元素有利于提高试验钢的抗氧化性；Si元素在试验钢氧化膜/基体界面富集后形成Fe₂SiO₄,可降低界面原子错配度，有效减少界面力，抑制氧化膜的脱落；Cr元素在试验钢基体表面形成富Cr层，阻碍Fe²⁺和O^2-交互扩散，提高了试验钢基体的抗氧化能力；但试验钢在单独添加Si元素条件下易于出现明显的晶间氧化情况。同时添加Si和Cr元素后，22MnB5钢的氧化膜冷弯粉化率明显降低，可有效避免热冲压过程氧化膜粉化问题。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).