基于异常反射型超表面的天线反射面设计

在实际应用中有许多场合需要对电磁波的传播进行人工调控, 传统的光学器件或者人工电磁介质都是采用三维结构, 但传统的三维结构介质很难与其他器件或设备进行集成.利用相位非连续人工电磁表面则可以在传播路径的介质分界面上引入相位突变, 进而实现人工调控电磁波.文章在此基础上在微波波段利用构造分界面相位梯度提出了一种异常反射型超表面的设计, 用作天线反射面可将圆极化波高效地转化为交叉极化波, 为微波段的电磁波人工调控提供了新的手段.根据广义反射定律及斜入射时相位突变修正设计的天线反射面, 在X波段可以实现对入射电磁波的人工调控, 并通过仿真分析验证了该设计方法的准确性, 为人工电磁表面作为天线反射面提供了一种设计思路.     

可重构电磁超表面及其应用研究进展

可重构电磁超表面是电磁超表面领域广受关注的热点方向。将可控器件/材料引入超表面设计,可重构超表面的电磁调控性能可以实时灵活动态控制。这极大丰富了超表面的功能,有力推动了超表面由理论设计向工程应用突破。近年来该团队持续关注电磁超表面的最新发展,围绕微波频段的可重构超表面,从理论、技术与应用3个层面开展探索研究。该文首先梳理了国内外在该领域的研究历程,然后从可重构超表面对电磁波的幅度、相位和极化特性调控及其应用等方面着手,综述了该团队在该领域的研究成果,并给出对未来工作的展望。      

电磁超材料吸收器的研究进展

基于电磁超材料的电磁谐振吸收器通过合理设计器件的物理尺寸及材料参数可对入射到吸收器的特定频率的电磁波实现100％的完美吸收,因而受到国内外学术界的高度关注.综述了当前国内外基于电磁超材料的电磁波完美吸收器在微波和太赫兹波段的研究进展,分类介绍了吸收器的结构及性能特点,最后对电磁超材料吸收器的发展趋势和待解决的问题作了探...     

基于电磁超材料的微波单向传输圆波导设计

微波隔离器是微波系统中不可或缺的器件,常见的隔离器都采用了铁氧体旋磁材料配合吸收负载实现电磁波的单向传输。这种器件虽然可以使电磁波单向传输,但是并不能改善能量的浪费问题,还增加了系统的复杂度。针对上述问题,本文基于电磁超材料设计了一种微波单向传输的圆波导,使用波导内壁涂覆折射率逐渐变化的材料来影响电磁波的传输特性,从而实现电磁波单向传输。本文给出了微波单向传输的电磁计算模型和超材料结构及属性,并通过简化这种超材料使其易于实现;最后通过电磁仿真分析了这种材料的电磁特性并给出了这种材料的实现方法。     

基于多元信息的多功能电磁集成超表面研究进展

作为超材料的二维形式,梯度超表面由于其超薄结构、灵活的各向同性/异性结构选择和突变相位特性,具有很强的电磁波前操控能力,是目前的研究热点。该文率先提出以激励电磁波的极化元、频率元、角度元、方向元以及出射电磁波的位置元等一元、二元甚至多元信息组合编码的多功能分类方式,详细归类总结了多功能集成超表面的研究进展,获得了多功能集成超表面清晰的研究方案和技术路线。该文对多功能电磁超表面未来可能的发展方向进行了展望,旨在为多功能超表面研究提供新思路,实现更新颖、更复杂和更大容量的集成波前调控和功能器件,促进未来通信和雷达器件的集成与小型化发展。      

基于超材料的自由电子辐射研究进展

自由电子与周围电磁环境互作用时可以通过不同的形式辐射电磁波.超材料是一种人工复合材料,可实现传统自然材料所不具备的电磁特性.基于超材料与自由电子之间的相互作用可以打破传统电磁辐射系统的限制,实现对辐射电磁波的极化、相位、波前等特性的灵活操控,这为发展新型的自由电子辐射器件提供了新思路.本文简单介绍了切伦科夫辐射、史密斯...     

目标腔体内置脉冲通过孔隙电磁泄漏的数值研究

利用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法系统研究了目标腔体内置正弦调制高斯脉冲通过具有相同面积的不同单孔和孔阵电磁泄漏的规律,并利用快速傅立叶变换和时频转换方法将计算结果由时域转换到频域上.研究指出,在低频段,圆孔电磁屏蔽效能高于方孔与蜂窝孔而孔阵的屏蔽效果更好;单孔与孔阵对高频电磁波基本没有屏蔽功能.通过对内置正弦调制高斯脉冲在目标腔体内的位置对电磁泄漏的影响的研究表明,脉冲源距离孔越近,孔的屏蔽效能越低.     

碳纳米器件光电特性的电磁散射分析

用经典的宏观电磁理论对由碳纳米材料制成的光敏器件的光电特性──主要为功率吸收特性[1],作了适当的建模分析.在该模型中,将光处理为频率较高的电磁波,纳米材料处理为有损介质材料,应用经典的电磁散射理论中的并矢格林函数建立了相应的散射模型,由此求得器件中碳纳米管束处的电场强度,并分析其吸收功率特性,从而对该光敏器件的设计给出一些指导性的意见.最后用商业全波仿真软件HFSS对该结果进行了验证.     

金属网栅电磁屏蔽薄膜在红外空空导弹上的应用研究

研究了金属网栅用于红外空空导弹电磁屏蔽的相关理论,分析了金属网栅结构参数对电磁屏蔽效果的影响.结合应用需求,采用激光直写法在一个蓝宝石整流罩内表面上制作了线宽为8μm,周期为450 μm的金属网栅,并测试了金属网栅薄膜对电磁波的屏蔽效果.试验表明金属网栅对电磁波有很强的屏蔽作用,而且对红外信号的衰减极小.     

太赫兹液晶可调谐功能器件

介绍了不同液晶材料在太赫兹(THz)波段的光学各向异性和外场调制特性。在此基础上,综述了几种基于液晶与人工电磁微结构相结合的THz功能器件,该器件可实现对THz波的调谐滤波、电磁诱导透明、相位调制以及偏振控制功能等;系统地分析了液晶与人工电磁微结构的相互作用机理、THz波长尺度下液晶的外场调控规律与表面相互作用。此外,还对THz液晶光子器件的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

烟幕扩散模型中任意光路电磁波透过率的计算

在烟幕扩散模型中,计算电磁波沿任意路径穿透烟幕云团时产生的衰减,需要准确计算出该路径下的烟幕积分浓度,从而得到电磁波的透过率。本文基于空间几何坐标变换原理、线性代数矩阵运算方法以及烟幕材料消光理论,推导了烟幕扩散模型中电磁波入射方向改变时的三维坐标系变换矩阵和二维积分浓度投影算法,实现了电磁波沿任意方向入射时的积分浓度分布及透过率的计算,为烟幕扩散模型的多角度(方向)数据分析、烟幕云团红外图像处理以及更多应用场景中的使用奠定了基础。     

Restoring Intrinsic Properties of Electromagnetic Radiators Using Ultralightweight Integrated Metasurface Cloaks

The concept of invisibility has garnered long‐standing interest throughout human history but has only been realized experimentally within the past decade, albeit over a limited bandwidth. While the physical wave phenomenon of a reduced scattering signature has been demonstrated with different cloaking methods such as transformation optics and scattering cancellation, such technology has yet to be incorporated into any practical real‐world devices. Through the use of quasi‐2D functional metasurfaces, the long‐standing issue of simultaneous mutual coupling and radiation blockage is addressed that occurs when two or more electromagnetic radiators are placed in close proximity to one another. The proposed compact and ultralightweight metasurfaces, comprising arrays of subwavelength electric and magnetic resonators with tailored dispersive properties, are capable of fully restoring the intrinsic properties of real‐world electromagnetic radiators when placed in a multiradiator environment. This work introduces a general design approach to bridge the gap between the theory and practice for cloaks, which is applicable to microwave, terahertz, and optical radiators, as well as acoustic and thermal sources. Moreover, this technology provides an unprecedented opportunity for enabling high‐density deployment of radiating systems with low interference and undistorted signal wave fronts.     

Electromagnetic plane wave scattering by a system of two parallel conducting prolate spheroids

By means of modal series expansions of electromagnetic fields in terms of prolate spheroidal vector wave functions, as exact solution is obtained for the scattering by two perfectly conducting prolate spheroids in parallel configuration, the excitation being a monochromatic plane electromagnetic wave of arbitrary polarization and angle of incidence. Using the spheroidal translational addition theorems recently presented by the authors which are necessary for the two-body (or multibody) scattering solution, an efficient computational algorithm of the translational coefficients is given in terms of spherical translational coefficients. The field solution gives the column vector of the series coefficients of the scattered field in terms of the column vector of the series coefficients of the incident field by means of a matrix transformation in which the system matrix depends only on the scatterer ensemble. This eliminates the need for repeatedly solving a new set of simultaneous equations in order to obtain the scattered field for a new direction of incidence. Numerical results in the form of curves for the bistatic and monostatic radar cross sections are given for a variety of prolate spheroid pairs having resonant or near resonant lengths.     

Scattering by an infinite circular dielectric cylinder coating eccentrically an elliptic dielectric cylinder

Scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by an infinite circular dielectric cylinder coating eccentrically an elliptic dielectric one, is under consideration. Both E and H polarizations are treated for normal incidence. The electromagnetic field is expressed in terms of both circular and elliptical-cylindrical wave functions. Using proper transformation theorems between the field expressions in different coordinate systems, for the satisfaction of the boundary conditions, we obtain two infinite sets of linear nonhomogeneous equations for the expansion coefficients of the field. In case of small values of h=k/sub 2/c/2, where c is the interfocal distance of the elliptic cylinder and k/sub 2/ the wavenumber of the dielectric coating, the former sets of equations provide, by truncation, semianalytical expressions of the form S(h)=S(0)[1+gh/sup 2/+O(h/sup 4/)] for the scattered field and the various scattering cross sections. The coefficients g are independent of h. Graphical results for the scattering cross sections are given for various values of the parameters.     

Beam scattering of the Luneberg lens by a complex source point

The complex source point method and vector mode function expansion are used to calculate the electromagnetic beam scattering by the Luneberg lens. A six-layered medium with different radii is considered as a model of the Luneberg lens. A comparison between the well-known numerical result in the Cartesian coordinate system and the new numerical one in the vector mode function is made for the incident Gaussian beam propagation in free space. The propagation properties are in good agreement with each other. The total electric field distributions along the transversal and longitudinal axes are examined for scattering by the Luneberg lens, whose dimension is assumed to be comparable with the beam width. The focusing effect of the Gaussian beam is much lower than that of the plane wave. The spot size focused by the Luneberg lens almost equals the wavelength for the various beam parameters including the plane wave.     

电磁波极化的图形化复数教学研究

本文利用电磁波的基本特性,将空间任意方向传播的电磁波变换到沿Z轴正方向传播的形式,然后采用矢量空间和复平面重合的形式来描述电场强度矢量合成,从而将电磁波的极化问题转换成正、反转复数的分析,利用图形直观地展现电磁波的极化规律,实践表明,图形化复数教学方法有助于学生理解电磁波的极化,也为“电机学”课程空间磁势分析方法打下基础。     

Analysis of Millimeter Wave Scattering by an Electrically Large Metallic Grating Using Wavelet-Based Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioned CG Method

An effective wavelet based multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient method is developed to solve electromagnetic large matrix problem for millimeter wave scattering application. By using wavelet transformation we restrict the large matrix equation to a relative smaller matrix and which can be solved rapidly. The solution is prolonged as the new improvement for the conjugate gradient (CG) method. Numerical results show that our developed wavelet based multigrid preconditioned CG method can reach large improvement of computational complexity. Due to the automaticity of wavelet transformation, this method is potential to be a block box solver without physical background.     

电磁隐形衣材料参数的简单推导方法

在应用光学变换理论的过程中，往往牵涉到正交坐标系下的张量转换问题，计算比较繁杂。文中利用大学课程“电磁场与电磁波”中正交坐标系的理论，推导得到了电磁隐形衣的材料电磁参数。该方法采用变量替换，并将虚拟空间坐标系下的变量用物理空间的变量表示出来；分析得到虚拟空间中新的坐标系为正交坐标系，并给出相应基矢和拉梅系数；然后将新坐标系下电场(磁场)的旋度方程与物理空间中标准坐标系下的旋度方程对比变形，便可以得到物理空间材料的电磁参数。     

The 3-D multidomain pseudospectral time-domain algorithm for inhomogeneous conductive media

A three-dimensional (3-D) multidomain pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method with a strongly well-posed perfectly matched layer (PML) is developed as an accurate and flexible tool for the simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in inhomogeneous and conductive media. This approach allows for an accurate treatment of curved geometries by multidomain decomposition and curvilinear coordinate transformation. Numerical experiments show the results agree excellently with analytical solutions and results of other well-known algorithms, and demonstrate a remarkable improvement in accuracy and efficiency over the FDTD method. The 3-D multidomain PSTD algorithm is then applied to calculate radar cross sections (RCS).     

导体球涂覆各向异性铁氧体介质电磁散射的解析解

该文用球矢量波函数对各向异性铁氧体介质涂覆导体球的电磁散射解析解开展研究。各向异性铁氧体介质中电磁场的球矢量波函数解可表示成第一、二、三、四类球矢量波函数之和。根据球Bessel函数的性质,可以得出导体球涂覆各向异性铁氧体介质的球矢量波函数解析解。应用铁氧体与自由空间分界面上电磁场切向连续和在导体球面上切向电场等于零的边界条件以及球矢量波函数切向正交性质,可分别得出铁氧体介质中电磁场和散射场的展开系数。给出了平面波入射情况下的数值计算结果。该文的结果可应用于有关微波器件、天线以及目标特征的分析和计算。