16层CT在继发性肺淋巴瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨继发性肺淋巴瘤的CT表现,以提高对该病的认识和诊断能力。方法回顾性分析我院2007年11月至2009年7月20例经肺穿刺病理或临床治疗证实的继发性肺淋巴瘤,其中19例非霍奇金淋巴瘤,1例霍奇金淋巴瘤。所有病例均行胸部CT扫描,13例行增强扫描。结果继发性肺淋巴瘤CT表现形式多样:混合型9例,肿块(结节)型4例,肺炎肺泡型3例,支气管血管淋巴管型3例,粟粒型1例。伴有纵隔淋巴结增大13例,侵犯胸膜5例,胸腔积液11例,心包积液2例。7例轻度强化,1例明显强化。结论多样性表现为继发性肺淋巴瘤的特点,结合胸部其他表现,CT可作出准确诊断。     

Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Background Primary non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma in lung is very rare, and the most common among them is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma （MALToma）, whose clinical features and laboratory characteristics are poorly defined, making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to study the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary MALToma. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients treated for MALToma between August 1992 and December 2005 were analyzed. Results No specific symptoms or signs, or results of bronchoscopy, ultrasonagraphy or bone marrow examination could be found in the 12 patients. Only radiography was useful in diagnosis, though the final diagnosis of all the patients was based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Two patients also had gastric MALToma. Operations were performed on 6 patients, including 5 radical operations and 1 partial resection： 4 patients also received adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient experienced recurrence 152 months after the operation, while the other 5 patients have survived disease-free. Four patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, two of whom experienced complete remission and the others partial remission. The final 2 patients received no treatment and had survived for 7 and 27 months respectively. All the patients were still alive at the most recent follow-up, 7 to 160 months （mean 71.3 months）. Conclusions Except radiography, no specific clinical manifestations could be identified for pulmonary MALToma. The final diagnosis should be based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Several treatment methods can be used to achieve good outcomes.     

原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤侵犯心脏1例报道

原发性肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT）淋巴瘤是一种罕见疾病。胸片或CT有可能将MALT淋巴瘤与其他肺部疾病相混淆,从而导致误诊或延误治疗,本例患者因为难以诊断而延误5年余。患者因胸痛就诊时发现右侧大量胸腔积液,当时给予抗结核治疗,但肺部病变仍缓慢进展,同时左肺也出现病变,纵膈内淋巴结融合,病变累及心脏,出现心包积液。在复旦大学附属中山医院经超声支气管镜行支气管、淋巴结及心房肿物穿刺病理检查,确诊为MALT淋巴瘤。     

以弥漫性病变为表现的肺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤两例报告并文献复习

目的报告2例以弥漫性病变为影像学特点的肺黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤病例,结合文献复习了解该特殊类型的影像学特点及其病理基础。方法回顾2例肺MALT淋巴瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及病理资料,结合有关文献进行回顾性分析。结果患者男性,59岁,临床主要表现为反复咳嗽5年,加重半年,病程长,抗感染、抗结核治疗无效;胸部CT示两肺弥漫性病变,胸膜增厚,两肺多发实变影、磨玻璃影,可见散在小结节影及牵拉性支气管扩张。胸腔镜肺活检病理示黏膜相关淋巴结外边缘区淋巴瘤（MALT淋巴瘤）,检测到免疫球蛋白IGH-FR1克隆性基因重排。患者女性,50岁,反复发热、咳嗽,伴有活动后气促;胸部CT示两肺多发大片实变影,内见支气管充气征。外周血嗜酸细胞显著升高。诊断为嗜酸细胞性肺炎,予激素正规治疗,症状改善,但肺部病变无明显吸收,后经皮肺穿刺活检病理诊断为MALT淋巴瘤。结论以弥漫性病变为表现的肺MALT淋巴瘤较为罕见,容易误诊。对于少见病及病灶散在者,支气管镜检查阳性率低,肺穿刺活检或胸腔镜活检能获得理想标本,有助于诊断。     

Clinical and prognostic characteristice of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma:a retrospective analysis of 23 cases in a chinese population

Background Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most frequent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that primarily involves the lungs. It represents a rare entity accounting for less than 1%of all NHLs and the clinical features have yet to be clearly elucidated.Methods The clinicopathological features and radiological data of 23 patients with pulmonary MALT lymphoma confirmed by biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results At diagnosis,there were 15 women and 8 men. The median age was 55.1 years (range,37-73 years). One patient had a history of primary Sjoren's syndrome,another patient had a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)and secondary Sjoren's syndrome. One patient had a history of previous hematological malignancy (lymphomatoid papulosis in complete remission). In addition,one patient had simultaneous gastric and pulmonary involvement and one patient had simultaneous parotid gland and pulmonary involvement. The other 21 patients had disease localized within the lungs at the initial diagnosis. Among them,10 patients were asymptomatic while two had non-specific pulmonary symptoms. There were six patients with fever,four patients had low grade fever and two patients had moderate-high fever.The most common manifestations were cough (n=10),expectoration (n=8),exertional dyspnea (n=8),fatigue (n=7),body weight loss (n=6) and crackles (n=6). Blood tests showed low to moderate anemia in six cases,elevated erythrocyte semimentation rate (ESR) in 10 cases and only one patient had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest revealed bilateral disease in 13 patients,air space consolidation with or without air bronchogram in 15 patients,lung nodules in 15 patients,patchy opacities in eight patients,lung mass in three patients and pleural effusion in five patients. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed multiple nodules in five patients and almost normal morphology in 18 patients. Pathological diagnosis was obtained by bronchial biopsies in three cases,by CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies in 11 cases and by surgical biopsies in nine cases. Of the 23 patients,one remained untreated,while 22 received various combinations of treatment (surgery alone in three patients,surgery plus chemotherapy in six patients,and chemotherapy alone in 13 patients). Twenty-one patients remained alive during the median follow-up of 23 (0.25-84) months,while one patient died from unknown causes,one patient died from lung infection.Conclusions Pulmonary MALT lymphoma tends to occur in old-aged females and to be limited to the lungs on the initial diagnosis and LDH's level was normal in most patients. Lung nodules,patchy opacities and air space consolidation     

原发性肺淋巴瘤临床特点分析

回顾性分析1999年1月至2009年12月经病理学证实的13例原发性肺淋巴瘤患者的临床资料.其中8例为黏膜相关性淋巴组织来源的边缘带淋巴瘤,2例为弥漫大B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤,1例为NK/T细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤,1例为结节硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤,1例为淋巴细胞为主型霍奇金淋巴瘤.临床症状多表现为咳嗽、发热、盗汗或体重减轻,2例无症状.CT检查多表现为肺内肿块,实变影中常见支气管充气征.5年总生存率9/13,其中黏膜相关性淋巴组织来源的边缘带淋巴瘤型的5年生存率7/8.     

原发性肺淋巴瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨原发性肺淋巴瘤的CT表现,提高诊断水平。方法:1995年8月-2009年9月经病理及免疫组织化学证实的原发性肺淋巴瘤11例患者的CT征象进行分析。结果:CT表现:4例累及双肺,7例累及单肺。征象多种多样。肿块型4例,密度大部均匀密实,其中1例含空气支气管征,普遍缺少毛刺,1例跨叶分布。肺炎实变型3例,其中2例含空气支气管征,1例跨叶,1例磨玻璃影。混杂型4例,片状侵润、粟粒、结节、小肿块、索条状、网结状混合影,以一种病灶为主,两种或多种并存,其中含空气支气管征2例,跨叶分布3例,磨玻璃影2例。其中10例增强检查均为轻至中度强化,3例病灶内可见走形正常的血管影。结论:原发性肺淋巴瘤影像表现多样,以肿块型和肺炎实变型较多见,亦可多种形态病变同时存在,空气支气管征,跨叶分布,磨玻璃影,轻至中度强化,病灶内正常走形血管影,影像与症状及病程不一致,有一定提示性。     

肺黏膜相关性淋巴瘤18F-FDG PET/CT显像表现(附3例报告)

目的:探讨肺黏膜相关性淋巴瘤(MALT淋巴瘤)的18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT显像特点及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析3例经病理证实的肺MALT淋巴瘤的临床资料和PET/CT影像特点。结果:胸部CT表现为单发或多发实变影、肿块影、磨玻璃样影,内可有达肺外带的支气管充气征;少数可合并胸腔积液、胸膜不规则结节样增厚,可伴有淋巴结增大。3例病灶18F-FDG代谢增高。结论:肺MALT淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤一独特亚型,影像学表现为边缘模糊的肿块或实变影,内可有达肺外带的支气管充气征,FDGPET代谢增高,确诊主要依靠病理组织学和免疫组化。     

原发性肺新型隐球菌肉芽肿的手术治疗：附4 例报告

Primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma is not common in Sichuan. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult to make because the patient has no characteristic symptoms and the chest X-ray findings of the mass are not easily differentiated from carcinoma of the lung. The incidence of this disease is apparently increasing. Pulmonary cryptococcosis may be disseminated hematogenously to the meninges and cryptococcal meningitis is very difficult to treat. If the pulmonary lesion is localized, the patient's general condition is good with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes, leukemia or lymphoma, partial resection of the lung is indicated. But, if the patient has a history of recent cryptococcal meningitis, surgery must be deferred. Four cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma have been treated surgically supplemented with medical therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital from 1986 to 1987. Follow-up of more than one year showed good results in each case.     

原发性肺淋巴瘤和肺淋巴瘤样肉芽肿的临床病理与治疗分析

目的:探讨原发性肺淋巴瘤( PPL)和肺淋巴瘤样肉芽肿(PLG)的临床病理和治疗预后. 方法:回顾分析10例PPL和2例PLG的临床病理特征和治疗经验. 12例临床病例均经过手术治疗和手术后病理证实. 结果:PPL和PLG分别占同期手术的肺恶性肿瘤的0.5%(10/1887)和0.1%(2/1887). 8例手术后病理诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(B细胞型),其中2例在手术后3 a内死亡;2例为霍奇金病,均在手术后3 a内死亡. 2例为PLG. 结论:PPL和PLG在临床上极少见,它们都起源于支气管黏膜相关的淋巴组织,包括支气管黏膜下组织和动静脉周围的淋巴组织,但各自有其典型的临床病理学特征. 治疗PPL包括手术和手术后放疗、正规化疗. PLG以手术治疗为首选.     

以肺部多发磨玻璃样结节影为主要表现的肺原发弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤1例报告及文献复习

目的：分析以肺部多发磨玻璃样结节影为主要表现的肺原发弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者的临床特点、影像学表现、诊断方法、病理形态表现和预后,提高临床医生对肺原发DLBCL的认识。方法：收集1例肺原发DLBCL患者的临床资料,患者CT检查主要表现为肺部多发团块状磨玻璃样结节影,初始诊断为肺炎,经过病理和免疫组织化学检查最终确诊,并进行相关文献复习。结果：患者,女性,60岁,以咳嗽和咳痰为首发症状入院。查体无明显阳性体征。胸部CT检查显示双肺多发磨玻璃样结节影。行肿瘤标记物、淋巴结彩超、PET-CT、骨髓穿刺活检、病理活检和其他相关检查,并给予相关治疗。PET-CT检查提示双肺多发磨玻璃结节伴部分代谢增高,病理形态表现和免疫组织化学结果提示非霍奇金DLBCL,起源于生发中心外活化B细胞。最终诊断为肺原发DLBCL。患者给予R-CHOP方案规律化疗,3个月后复查胸部CT显示双肺团块状结节影消失。结论：肺原发DLBCL患者临床特点和影像学表现无明显特异性,其诊断最终依赖病理形态表现和免疫组织化学检查结果,肺原发DLBCL恶性程度较高,预后较差,当肺部出现多发磨玻璃样结节影时应考虑该病。     

肺隔离症的外科诊疗

目的探讨肺隔离症的外科诊疗方法.方法对1995年7月～2003年8月该科所收治肺隔离症患者共47例进行分析,总结其共性.结果所有肺隔离症患者中,13例术前确诊,19例高度怀疑为肺隔离症,15例误诊为肺脓肿、肺囊肿、支气管扩张、肺癌或纵隔肿瘤,所有患者均于术中确诊,均为叶内型;均采用手术治疗,行下叶切除术,术后均恢复顺利,无手术死亡.结论肺隔离症在临床中较罕见,易出现误诊,应有足够的认识和警惕,一旦确诊,应采用手术行肺叶切除.     

Pediatric pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma: analysis of 10 years data from a single center

Several reports indicate that lungs are the extralymphatic site most commonly affected in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the data in children are rather limited. This retrospective study aimed to assess the frequency, clinical picture, and the impact on prognosis in children with pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma, who were diagnosed and treated in a single center during a 10-year period. Pulmonary lesions related to HL: nodules and parenchymal infiltrates with cavitations were found in 3 of 32 (9.4%) patients; in 2 cases these were found as the concomitant manifestation whereas in 1 case as the solitary form (Primary Pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma). B-DOPA and MVPP chemotherapy combined with mediastinal and pulmonary irradiation resulted in sustained remissions in all 3 patients, lasting 3, 7, and 64 months, respectively. Lung involvement occurs in up to 10% of children with Hodgkin lymphoma. Primary pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare and atypical form of Hodgkin lymphoma; thus is associated with delayed diagnosis which does not seem to affect prognosis. It should be suspected in a child with non-resolving pneumonia and pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates with cavitations.     

原发性肺淋巴瘤三例报道并文献复习

目的探讨原发性肺淋巴瘤的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性总结原发性肺淋巴瘤3例,并结合文献对其临床表现、影像学特点、诊断及治疗方法进行分析。结果原发性肺淋巴瘤罕见,无特异性临床表现和影像学改变,易误诊。其主要症状为咳嗽、发热等。影像学可表现为单发或多发结节或片状影甚至实变,常见有充气支气管征。确诊依靠开胸手术、胸腔镜或经皮肺穿刺获取组织,结合病理学和免疫组化检查。主要治疗手段为化疗。结论及时进行有创检查有利于早期诊断原发性肺淋巴瘤。     

肺黏膜相关型淋巴瘤的临床研究(附5例报告)

目的 为提高对肺黏膜相关型淋巴型(MALT淋巴瘤)临床特征的认识。方法 经我院确诊的肺MALT淋巴瘤5例，进行回顾性的临床分析研究。结果 ①本组5例均为肺低度恶性MALT型淋巴瘤。②临床上5例病人均有吸烟、反复肺部感染等慢性免疫系统刺激因素存在。③肺MALT型淋巴瘤与肺炎性假瘤关系密切．临床症状缺乏特异性。结论 肺MALT淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一种独特亚型，而且容易误诊，疗效和预后较好。     

PILL series. The solitary pulmonary nodule

The solitary pulmonary nodule on chest X-ray (CXR) is a common problem in pulmonary medicine. Its presence raises the question of lung cancer. As five-year survival after resection of a solitary bronchogenic carcinoma can be as high as 80%, prompt evaluation is crucial. This should begin with a cancer risk assessment based on clinical and radiographic factors. The risk and benefits of surgery should next be assessed, and together with the patient's preferences, a management plan can be decided upon. Surgery is recommended for patients at high risk of malignancy with a low surgical risk, while careful observation is adopted for patients at low risk of malignancy coupled with a high surgical risk. Further diagnostic tests may be warranted to aid in this decision process. Although CXR is not useful for lung cancer screening, low-dose computed tomography imaging is increasingly recommended for individuals at high risk for lung cancer.     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤一例

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type,MALT-MZL)是一种较为罕见的肺部原发性恶性肿瘤.本例患者采用纤维支气管镜检查,经组织病理和免疫组化确诊,具有完整的病例资料,并结合国内相关资料进行文献分析,以探讨其临床、病理特点及诊断、治疗方法.患者主要表现为周期性发热、咳嗽、胸痛,用正规的抗生素治疗无效.胸部CT显示右肺中叶和左肺下叶实变,伴有支气管充气征和CT血管造影征,肺实变内可见扩张的支气管.左侧少量胸腔积液,是单核细胞为主的渗出液.血清蛋白电泳发现M蛋白.支气管镜下可见左肺下叶、右肺中叶支气管狭窄,用支气管镜进行透壁肺活检,病理为小淋巴细胞弥漫浸润,可见淋巴上皮病变;免疫组化CD20阳性,CD3,CD5,CD10,CD21,CD23,Bcl2和Bcl6阴性.肺MALT-MZL是肺原发性淋巴瘤中最常见的一种类型,大多数临床表现不典型,易误诊,及时行有创检查取得病理标本有助于早期诊断.某些临床表现(如周期性发热,肺实变及其内扩张的支气管, 血浆或支气管肺泡灌洗液中出现M蛋白等)具有一定的特征性.治疗方法主要为手术、放疗和化疗.肺MALT-MZL属于惰性淋巴瘤,预后相对良好.     

非胃肠道的黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤48例临床分析

目的分析非胃肠道黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤患者的临床特点,以提高临床诊断及治疗水平。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2000年1月至2011年7月经病理证实明确诊断为非胃肠道MALT淋巴瘤的48例患者的资料。结果48例患者中男16例,女32例;诊断时的年龄为21～76岁,平均55．4岁。发病部位为肺23例,涎腺9例,甲状腺8例,眼及附属器3例,其他部位5例,同时发生于两个部位的5例。临床表现为无症状者27例,有非特异性全身症状者13例。实验室检查中,8例低中度贫血,6例乳酸脱氢酶水平升高,19例血沉加快。影像学检查提示20例淋巴结肿大。6例患者合并自身免性疫疾病,其中3例为涎腺病例。肺部受累患者确诊经支气管活检获得病理诊断3例,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺11例,外科肺活检9例。肺外受累患者确诊均经外科活检。23例肺部受累患者中,有1例未经处理,其余22例接受各种组合治疗（单纯手术3例,手术联合化疗6例,单纯化疗13例）;25例肺外受累患者中,11例患者接受单纯手术治疗,10例患者接受手术＋化疗联合治疗,3例接受单独的化疗,此外还有1例患者予以手术＋化疗＋放疗联合治疗。随访4—133个月。平均46．7个月,肺部受累患者1例死于肺部感染,1例死因不详,其余患者均病情平稳。结论非胃肠道MALT淋巴瘤常见于中老年女性,肺、涎腺和甲状腺为其好发部位,临床上多无明显症状或仅限于非特异性全身症状,部分合并自身免疫性疾病。CT引导下经皮穿刺肺活检和手术活检获取病理组织有助于明确诊断。本淋巴瘤的预后较好,部分患者可经外科手术治愈。     

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a rare presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We describe a patient with rapidly progressive pneumonia and a high level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, in whom postmortem study revealed the presence of a diffuse, small and large-cell multicentric non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma, together with an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Aspergillosis is rare as a presenting feature of a lymphoproliferative disease; only one previous case has been reported to the best of our knowledge. Invasive aspergillosis and lymphoma should be considered in patients presenting with pneumonia and high level of lactate dehydrogenase.     

急性肺栓塞的CT诊断

目的由于急性肺栓塞发病率逐年上升,死亡率高,快速准确的早期诊断十分重要。方法使用飞利浦16排CT对所有患者行CT肺部平扫和肺动脉增强扫描,使用后处理软件行进行图像分析。结果 CT可清晰显示肺栓塞的部位、范围及栓塞的肺动脉。结论 CT应作为诊断肺栓塞的首选方法。