Fabrication of photochromic,hydrophobic, antibacterial,and ultraviolet-blocking cotton fabric using silica nanoparticles functionalized with a photochromic dye

The aim of this work was the fabrication of cotton fabric with multifunctional properties such as photochromic, hydrophobicity, antibacterial, and ultraviolet (UV) blocking. In this regard, a mixture of silica nanoparticles with spirooxazine as a photochromic dye first applied on the cotton fabric, and then, the fabric surface was coated with an alkylsilane compound. The homogenous distribution of silica and silica/spirooxazine hybrid on the cotton fibers was established by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray mapping. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of the hybrid on the treated cotton fabric. The photochromic effect of the fabrics was measured after 5-min sunlight irradiation. Other characteristics of treated fabrics, such as antibacterial activity, hydrophobic properties, and UV-blocking activity, were also assessed. The results indicated that adding silica nanoparticles to spirooxazine had a tangible effect on photochromic activity of treated cotton fabrics and its photochromic performance was higher than that of the photochromic dye. The fabric showed stable hydrophobicity with static water contact angle values of 141.2° ± 1°. Moreover, the coated cotton fabric demonstrated proper antibacterial properties and UV-blocking activity.     

Investigation of the wettability and washing,perspiration and rubbing fastness of denim fabric in the presence of some nano-metal oxides and nano-Ag

In this study, we analysed finished denim fabric for hydrophobic wettability, washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness of TiO₂ (anatase), CuO, ZnO and Ag nanomaterials. The presence of nanoparticles on dyed denim fabric surfaces was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope and EDAX. According to the contact angle, washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness measurements, these nanomaterials were improved surface properties of denim fabric. The coatings made by these nanomaterials increased hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties by changing wetting capability of denim fabric surface. Additionally, nano-metal oxide particles were improved fastness values. The highest contact angle and fastness values were found on denim fabric treated with nano-TiO₂ (anatase) and the lowest contact angle and fastness values were found for denim fabric plated with nano-Ag.     

UV光开关可控棉织物亲水-疏水表面性能及机制研究

 以正硅酸乙酯和钛酸四正丁酯为前驱体合成SiO2/TiO2复合溶胶，用于棉织物涂层处理以制备UV光开关可控亲水-疏水功能棉织物。SiO2/TiO2复合溶胶涂层功能棉织物水接触角为121.3°，织物呈现疏水性，经UV光照射18h后，其接触角减小到0°，织物呈现亲水性。而UV照射后的织物放置暗处12h，其接触角由0°又增大到了93.2°，接触角得到恢复。织物再经UV光照射和放置暗处反复10次后，织物接触角仍然在0°和92°-96°之间转换，实现了织物亲水-疏水的可逆转换。经紫外光谱分析可知，SiO2/TiO2复合溶胶涂层功能织物经UV光照射后其紫外透过率会略减小，而放置暗处12h后，其紫外透过率又略微增强，这种变化从实验上验证了润湿性变化的机理。     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic,antibacterial, and ultraviolet-blocking cotton fabric

Inspired by the superhydrophobic behavior of lotus leaf, a simple coating method was developed which could facilitate bionic creation of superhydrophobic surfaces on cotton textiles with a new functional properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a high deposition density were formed on the surface of cotton fabric through an alkali pre-activation followed by in situ reduction of silver nitrate. The Ag-coated fabric was then reacted with octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) to form a low surface energy layer on the fiber surface. The fabrics were characterized by ultraviolet-visible reflectance spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Hydrophobicity properties were assessed by contact angle (CA) goniometry and shedding angle (SHA) technique. Antibacterial activity was measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and UV-blocking ability was measured using the AATCC method. SEM images showed the formation of AgNPs which were distributed uniformly on the fibers’ surface with a high coating density. Superhydrophobicity property of the treated fabric was confirmed with the CA of 156° and SHA of 8°. High antibacterial activity was observed without the reduction of inhibition size after coating with the OTES. The fabric also showed excellent UV-blocking with the ultraviolet protection factor of 266.01.     

基于疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶制备无氟自清洁超疏水棉织物

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为硅源,水为溶剂,在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶反应,并采用环境压力干燥法(APD)制备了超疏水二氧化硅气凝胶.将二氧化硅气凝胶粉和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)通过喷涂法整理到棉织物上,分别采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪对整理棉织物的结构、形貌和疏...     

无氟自清洁功能型羊毛/羊绒混纺织物的研发

为提高羊毛/羊绒(60/40)织物自清洁能力,降低织物因清洗而造成毡缩变形等不良影响,采用常压等离子体对羊毛/羊绒混纺织物表面进行预处理,再使用微纳米级乙酰丙酮锆及聚二甲基硅氧烷自制无氟环保型毛织物拒水剂对织物进行静电喷雾疏水处理。通过分析织物等离子体处理前后静态接触角变化及红外测试结果,发现最佳等离子体处理参数以及对织物毡缩性能的影响。比较等离子体处理前后及等离子体预处理再进行疏水整理织物的外貌形态、静态接触角、透湿透气性、防紫外线性能差异。结果表明:羊毛/羊绒织物经等离子体预处理再进行静电喷涂具有优异的疏水性能,静态接触角提高至152°,达到超疏水临界值,织物透湿透气性仅分别降低2.98%、1.65%,毡缩性下降4.61%,此外,该方法辅助提高了织物14.14%的紫外线防护系数。     

Superhydrophobic poly(vinyl butyral) nanofibrous membrane containing various silica nanoparticles

Nanofibrous composite membranes were prepared by the elecrospinning process of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) solution that contained hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SiO₂). Various surface modifications of the silica nanoparticles have been used to improve the waterproofing capacity of the membrane. Specifically, investigation was made into the effects of the rheological properties of the solution, as well as on fibre diameter as exerted by the applied voltage and the tip-to-collector distance. It was found that drastically increasing shear viscosity and the elasticity of the solution with the silica nanoparticles demonstrated a negligible effect on the creation of nanofibres, an issue rarely discussed in the literature. In fact, increasing the applied voltage and the tip-to-collector distance resulted in heightening the average fibre diameter. According to water contact angle measurements, the given PVB nanofibrous membrane reinforced with the incorporated silica nanoparticles demonstrated superhydrophobic surface properties.     

Water repellent finishing on eri silk fabric using nano silica

Abstract

Nano silica was extracted from rice husk and applied on eri silk fabric to impart water repellency. The efficiency of the water repellency was evaluated with water contact angle, water absorbency and spray test methods. In order to enhance the water repellent properties, a silicone-based polymer was also applied. The effect of nano silica coating on the physico-mechanical properties of the eri silk fabric was studied using standard methods. SEM, FTIR and EDX techniques were used for the confirmation of presence of nano silica on silk fabric. The results inferred the nano silica imparted hydropholic property to eri silk fabric, which was further enhanced to superhydrophobic by the incorporation of silica polymer. The nano silica coating slightly enhanced the whiteness and brightness of eri silk fabric. Other mechanical parameters like bending rigidity and crease recovery angle were found to be intact. The higher concentration of nano silica caused a slight reduction in fabric tensile strength.     

棉织物柿漆染色工艺及性能

柿漆作为天然染料,其染色织物具有防水防腐的优点。以赋予棉织物抗菌性和紫外防护性能为目的,采用柿漆对棉织物进行直接染色处理。利用扫描电子显微镜观察棉织物的表观形态,PhabrOmeter织物手感评价测试仪测定织物风格,得到染色棉织物存在硬化问题;探究染色次数和染液浓度对棉织物K/S值、增重率和缩率的影响。通过正交试验设计优化染色工艺,测定染色棉织物的抗菌性能、接触角、紫外线防护性能、色牢度以及风格评价,分析柿漆染色对棉织物性能的影响。结果表明:适宜的染色时间为15 min,柿漆稀释浓度为1∶4,染色次数为8次,染色棉织物色牢度良好,且具有较佳的疏水性能、抗菌性能和抗紫外性能,硬挺度增加。     

Electro-conductivity,bioactivity and UV protection of graphene oxide-treated cellulosic/polyamide fabric using inorganic and organic reducing agents

Here, graphene oxide (GO) was treated on the cellulosic/polyamide fabric reduced with various inorganic and organic compounds and compared the color changes, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, antibacterial/antifungal and ultraviolet protection properties. The graphite oxide was first synthesized using graphite and sonicated to obtain GO. It was then dissolved in distilled water along with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to prepare a stable solution for long-time adsorbing more and uniform GO on cellulosic/polyamide fabric through exhaustion method. The GO-treated fabric was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with inorganic and organic reducing agents including sodium dithionite with and without sodium hydroxide and dopamine hydrochloride at various temperatures. More fabricated GO reduced to rGO at higher temperature using dopamine produced lower electrical resistance. The antimicrobial activities of various samples were tested against two Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, two Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and E. faecalis and one eukaryotic fungus C. albicans. Ultraviolet protection was examined through reflectance spectra showed no UV transmittance from most of the treated fabrics. Further, CTAB was effective to load more GO on the fabric improved electrical resistance and higher antibacterial properties using both reducing agents.     

Modification and Dyeing of Silk Fabric Treated with Tetrabutyl Titanate by Hydrothermal Method

Nano-structured TiO₂ particles prepared by hydrothermal method are first immobilized on the surface of silk fiber using tetrabutyl titanate, which is dyed with C.I. Reactive Blue 19. The morphology, crystalline phase, chemical structure, thermal, and optical properties of silk fabric before and after treatment are determined by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric, and diffuse reflectance spectrum techniques. The UV protection, percentage of exhaustion, percentage of fixation, K/S value, and color fastness are investigated. The results indicate that when silk fabric is treated with tetrabutyl titanate aqueous solution at 110 °C for 2 h, pure anatase phase TiO₂ nanoparticles of size less than 10 nm are synthesized, and then simultaneously grafted onto fiber surface. Compared with the original fabric, the thermal stability of the TiO₂-coated fabric changes little. The protection against ultraviolet radiation is distinctly improved. The yellowness and whiteness values change a little. The percentage of exhaustion, fixation and K/S value are reduced to some extent due to the existence of TiO₂ film. The color fastness to wet rubbing decreases slightly. The K/S value of the TiO₂-coated fabric increases after being scrubbed. The color fastness to light of silk fabric after treatment is enhanced.     

Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This study examined an innovative approach for imparting multi-functional properties, i.e. self-cleaning, electrical conductivity, ultraviolet (UV) blocking as well as antimicrobial properties onto cotton fabric. Graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposites were successfully prepared, by a simple method of mixing and sonication, and used for multi-functional treatment of cotton fabrics by dip-drying technique. The physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Self-cleaning performance, electrical resistance, antimicrobial properties, and UV blocking activity of treated fabrics were also assessed. The coated cotton fabrics with graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning activity measured by degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite-coated fabrics was improved significantly after sunlight irradiation. Moreover, the nanocomposite finished cotton fabric demonstrated proper antimicrobial properties and UV blocking activity.     

棉织物仿生无氟超疏水表面的构建

文中采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO2粒子,将其整理到棉织物表面构建微纳级粗糙结构,并用3种无氟疏水剂及复合搭配对织物进行修饰,使其具备超疏水性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析SiO2粒子晶体形态和整理前后棉织物的化学结构及微观形貌;通过静态水接触角、动态水滑移角评价织物疏水性能,并对织物的耐水冲击和耐洗涤性能进行测试。结果表明,制得的SiO2粒子单分散性良好,直径为200~300 nm。修饰后棉织物静态水接触角度可达130.0°~160.0°,滑移角在7.0°~12.0°,十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷混合使用整理的棉织物超疏水效果最好,静态接触角为156.2°,滑移角为7.0°,并具备优异的耐洗涤和耐水冲击性能。     

Novel study of carbon nanotubes as UV absorbers for the modification of cotton fabric

This study was designed to investigate the ability of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an ultraviolet radiation absorber for cotton fabric finishing. The results were compared with the traditional nano- and micro-mineral UV absorbers of ZnO and TiO₂ as well as chemical UV absorber Ciba Fast W. The performance of the finishing process was determined by both calculating the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and controlling the color change of blue wool substrate located under the cotton samples. The results showed that similar to common UV absorbers, CNTs enjoy the specific absorption value in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, a maximum UPF value was obtained for the cotton fabric treated with the SWCNT. As a result, for textiles and coatings applications, CNTs could be brought in UV protection finishing as an alternative absorber. Additionally, comparison of the results showed that the UV absorption of nano-ZnO and nano-TiO₂ are more than the micro forms due to the higher specific surface.     

Proteases pretreatment on wool to enhance durable antimicrobial and UV protection with nano TiO2 and polycarboxylic acids using RSM

In this research, protease pretreated wool fabric (PWF) was treated with butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA), citric acid (CA), and nano TiO₂ (NTO) to produce fabric with enhanced durable antimicrobial and ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. However, treatment of proteases enzymatic wool with NTO/CA/BTCA has not been informed. The NTO particles were stabilized on the enzymatic wool surface using CA/BTCA cross-linking agents. In order to create optimum UV protection (UP) based on (ΔE^?) and bacteria reduction against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the appropriate models were obtained based on Design-Expert software. The roles of CA, BTCA, and NTO concentrations in UP and antimicrobial properties of the PWF were investigated using response surface methodology. Overall, the protease pretreatment of the wool fabrics made the improvement of the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and also caused the remarkable enhancement of UP properties as compared with control samples. Also, reflectance spectra analyses (200–400?nm) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to confirm the NTO particles on the pretreated wool surface.     

Low temperature dyeing of wool fabric by acid dye after UV irradiation

The aim of the work was to improve wool’s dyeability using acid dye through a simple pretreatment with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Different radiation doses were investigated using both a laboratory UV lamp and a semi-industrial apparatus. UV-treated fabrics were characterized in terms of morphological, chemical and physical properties by SEM, FTIR-ATR spectra, water contact angle measurements, bursting and pilling test. The pre-treated samples were then dyed with an acid dye at different dyeing temperatures to compare the results with the untreated fabric. Final bath exhaustion reached, kinetic curves and colour measurements were evaluated. Moreover, the colour levelness of the dyeings obtained on fabrics with and without irradiation was assessed. Finally, dyeing fastness to washing and rubbing were determined according to ISO standard methods.     

棉织物的硅溶胶疏水整理

为实现超疏水织物的绿色加工,采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,乙醇和水为溶剂制备硅溶胶预缩体对棉织物进行疏水整理,研究各工艺因素对棉织物疏水性能的影响,重点分析预缩体的制备、硅烷偶联剂的添加、低温烘干工艺与提高整理织物疏水性的相关性。结果表明:棉织物表面的SiO₂纳米粒子形成的粗糙表面与织物表面结合的疏水脂肪烃链可赋予织物良好的疏水性;在TEOS量为0.1 mol,乙醇量为0.9 mol,水的量为0.8 mol,先二浸二轧硅溶胶,再浸轧十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷醇溶剂优化工艺条件下,整理棉织物的水接触角可达152.1°,棉织物的力学性能得到提高。     

Polyester with durable UV protection properties through using nano TiO2 and polysiloxane softener optimized by RSM

In this paper, durable ultraviolet (UV) protection properties were obtained on polyester fabric by the treatment with nano titanium dioxide (NTO_P) as UV absorber and polysiloxane (PS) as stabilizer. The cross-linkable PS softener was applied to enhance NTO_P durability creating soft handle. The UV protection (UP) properties of the samples were monitored by evaluating the color differences (ΔE ^?) on the stained methylene blue mounted under the treated samples during the UV irradiation. The response surface methodology was used to design the experiments and also central composite design was utilized for different variables based on Design of Expert software. Diverse UV irradiations were used including daylight for 24?h, UV-A (400?W) for 2?h, and UV-C (20?W) for 6?h. The appropriate model was utilized for each condition to create optimum polyester with UP properties. The results demonstrated that treated sample with 1.42% NTO_P and 3.61% PS had the lowest ΔE ^??=?0.13. Also, transmission spectra analyses (200–800?nm) of the treated polyester samples were in complete agreement and consequently desirable properties of UP were reported. The X-ray diffraction analyses of NTO_P and treated samples indicated the presence of anatase crystal structure in NTO_P which significantly absorbed irradiation with wavelengths of lower than 400?nm and inhibited significant discoloration of methylene blue.     

聚丙烯酸酯改性硅溶胶的合成及其应用性能

为开发一种新型的超疏水整理剂,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备硅溶胶,再用由丙烯酸十二烷基酯（LA）、丙烯腈（AN）和3?甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）合成的聚合物对其进行改性,制备了一种聚丙烯酸酯改性硅溶胶（PLAKS）,并将其用于涤纶织物超疏水整理。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜以及接触角测量仪等对PLAKS 的结构及应用性能进行表征。结果表明：当LA、AN 和KH570的质量比为20：10：0.6,ＭＴＭＳ 质量分数为20%（相对LA、AN 和KH570总质量）,氨水（25%）质量分数为12%（相对LA、AN 和KH570 总质量）时,制得PLAKS,用其整理的涤纶织物能获得超疏水效果,接触角为151.3°,疏水等级为100分,抗静水压等级为5 级;经15 次水洗后,接触角为131.4４°,疏水等级为90分,抗静水压等级为4 级,说明PLAKS整理后涤纶织物的疏水性具有较好的耐洗性。     

Ultraviolet Protection Properties of Metal Salts Treated Cotton Fabrics

The aim of this study was to study the influence of metal salt treatment on UV protection property of cotton fabrics. CuCl₂, SbCl₃, TiO₂, Co₃O₄, SnO₂, Ni(NO₃)₂和AgNO₃ were used as metallic salts. Mentioned metallic salts were treated on cotton fabric, and the Ultraviolet Protection Factors (UPF) was examined. The morphology of fibers loaded with different metal salts was assessed by SEM. The treated cotton fabrics were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystallinity and crystals size for all samples were studied. Metal salt loaded fabrics showed better UV protection properties compared to untreated cotton fabrics. The results confirmed that metal salts have potential applications for producing ultra violet protective cotton fabric.