胰十二指肠切除术后不同胰肠吻合方式的效果与评价

目的比较胰十二指肠切除术后三种不同胰肠吻合方式的胰肠吻合口瘘发生率,探讨实施不同吻合方式的适用条件及其合理性。方法回顾性分析92例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。按吻合方式不同分为捆绑式胰肠吻合组(A组)、胰管对空肠粘膜端侧吻合组(B组)和套入式端侧吻合组(C组),观察其术后胰瘘的发生率。结果胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率为:A组1例(1/41,2.44%);B组无胰肠吻合口瘘发生;C组3例(3/19,15.79%)。A、B两组间胰肠吻合口瘘发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05);C组胰肠吻合口瘘发生率显著高于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰管对空肠粘膜吻合法和捆绑式吻合法均为较安全的胰肠吻合方法。在条件许可下,胰管对粘膜吻合法应作为胰十二指肠切除术首选的胰肠吻合方法。     

根据胰管直径等因素选择不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响

目的 评价根据胰管直径等因素选择的不同胰肠吻合方式对患者术后恢复的影响,为胰肠吻合方式的选择决策提供依据.方法 回顾性分析我院在2010年1月至2013年1月间行胰十二指肠切除术305例患者的临床资料.对于胰管直径≥3 mm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合（胰管空肠吻合组,120例）;对于胰管直径＜3 mm者,进一步比较胰腺残端与空肠管径的直径大小,若胰腺残端较粗大,且大于空肠管径者采用改良Child胰肠吻合（改良Child胰肠吻合组,80例）,若胰腺残端直径小于空肠管径者选择捆绑式胰肠吻合（捆绑式胰肠吻合组,105例）.比较不同胰肠吻合方式术后并发症的发生率,评价临床疗效.结果 胰管空肠黏膜吻合组胰管直径显著大于其他两组（P＜ 0.05）,改良Child胰肠吻合组胰腺残端直径明显大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组（P＜0.05）.本组研究总体胰瘘发生率为11.1％ （34/305）.比较三组患者术后胰瘘、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化功能异常、平均住院时间及术后死亡,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.51,2.78,1.16,3.75,1.94,F=2.13,P＞0.05）.结论 在行胰十二指肠切除术时,可以根据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径及空肠管径合理选择不同的胰肠吻合方式.     

胰十二指肠切除胰腺空肠端侧吻合156例分析

目的:探讨胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠端侧吻合技术。方法:回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院肝胆外科2004年3月—2012年6月156例胰十二指肠切除术行胰腺空肠端侧吻合患者的临床资料。根据胰腺的质地、厚度、胰管直径、胰管后壁胰腺组织的厚度、有无炎症,结合空肠的直径、空肠壁的厚度选择胰管-空肠黏膜-黏膜吻合、端侧套入式吻合等不同的吻合方式。结果:术中胰肠重新吻合8例。术后胰瘘3例、胆瘘2例、死亡2例。结论:胰十二指肠切除术中胰腺空肠吻合应根据患者的胰腺和空肠情况进行个体化选择。     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术后预防胰肠吻合口漏的临床价值。方法按照彭淑牖教授设计的胰肠捆绑式吻合法进行胰肠吻合,游离胰腺断端3cm．胰管内置硅胶管,两者用丝线固定,空肠3cm处断端用电凝或石炭酸破坏其粘膜,胰断端套入空肠内3cm,空肠断端与就近胰包膜缝合4针,并用生物蛋白胶外涂一周。距空肠断面约l～2cm处用粗丝线环绕空肠壁捆绑一道,使空肠壁与胰腺紧密相贴。结果经过连续17例临床应用,均未发生胰瘘．恢复顺利。结论本法操作方便,简单,是胰肠吻合理想的手术方式,值得推广。     

胰十二指肠切除术不同胰肠吻合方式的选择与效果评价

目的评价不同胰肠吻合方式在胰十二指肠切除术中的临床疗效,探讨不同胰肠吻合方式的适用性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年8月收治的117例行胰十二指肠切除术患者临床资料,按吻合方式不同分为胰管空肠黏膜吻合(A组,61例)和捆绑式胰肠吻合(B组,56例),比较两种不同胰肠吻合方式术后胰漏及相关并发症的发生率。结果胰肠黏膜吻合组胰腺残端直径明显大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组(t=7.441,P0.05),捆绑式胰肠吻合组胰肠吻合时间明显小于胰肠黏膜吻合组(t=3.085,P0.05)。两组患者术后胰漏、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、胃潴留、肺部感染、平均住院时间及费用,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.257,0.308,0.737,0.896,1.096;t=1.211,1.477;P0.05)。结论胰管空肠黏膜吻合法和捆绑式胰肠吻合法是胰十二指肠切除术两种主要吻合方法,都能有效降低胰漏的发生率,应根据术中探查结果,合理灵活选择不同吻合方式。     

胰肠吻合方式和保留幽门对胰瘘发生的影响

目的探讨胰肠吻合方式和保留幽门对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的影响。方法回顾性分析我院1994年1月至2007年5月间142例胰十二指肠切除术患者临床资料，探讨胰瘘发生的危险因素，比较胰肠黏膜对黏膜胰管空肠端-侧吻合、胰腺空肠端-端套入式吻合及保留幽门与否对胰瘘发生率的影响。结果术后胰瘘总发生率22％（32／142），其中黏膜对黏膜吻合组21％（29／132），传统胰腺空肠端-端套入组33．33％（3／9）。结论胰肠吻合方式、保留幽门与否对胰瘘发生率无显著性的影响。     

Effect and appraisals of three different pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy

目的 比较胰十二指肠切除术后三种不同胰肠吻合方式的胰肠吻合口瘘发生率,探讨实施不同吻合方式的适用条件及其合理性.方法 回顾性分析92例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.按吻合方式不同分为捆绑式胰肠吻合组(A组)、胰管对空肠粘膜端侧吻合组(B组)和套入式端侧吻合组(C组),观察其术后胰瘘的发生率.结果 胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率为:A组1例(1/41,2.44％);B组无胰肠吻合口瘘发生;C组3例(3/19,15.79％).A、B两组间胰肠吻合口瘘发生率无统计学差异(P＞0.05);C组胰肠吻合口瘘发生率显著高于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论胰管对空肠粘膜吻合法和捆绑式吻合法均为较安全的胰肠吻合方法.在条件许可下,胰管对粘膜吻合法应作为胰十二指肠切除术首选的胰肠吻合方法.     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合方式的选择策略

目的 评价胰肠吻合方式选择策略在胰十二指肠切除术中应用的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2012年6月第四军医大学西京医院收治的455例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.对于胰管直径≥4 mm的患者采用胰管空肠黏膜吻合术(胰管空肠黏膜吻合组,210例);对于胰管直径＜4 mm的患者,其胰肠吻合术式由胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径决定,空肠管腔口径＜胰腺残端直径者选择改良Child胰肠吻合(改良Child胰肠吻合组,140例),空肠管腔口径≥胰腺残端直径者选用捆绑式胰肠吻合(捆绑式胰肠吻合组,105例).比较分析各组临床疗效及术后并发症发生率.计数资料采用x2检验,计量资料采用t检验.结果 胰管空肠黏膜吻合组的胰管直径为(4.4±0.7)mm,显著大于改良Child胰肠吻合组的(2.8±0.6)mm和捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(2.3 ±0.7)mm(t =2.25,2.48,P＜0.05).改良Child胰肠吻合组胰腺残端直径为(36 ±5)mm,显著大于捆绑式胰肠吻合组的(21 ±6)mm(t =21.65,P＜0.05).总体胰液漏发生率为8.4％(38/455).3组患者胰液漏、腹腔出血、腹腔感染、消化功能异常、平均住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.53,0.88,1.63,5.34,F=2.53,P＞0.05).结论 在胰十二指肠切除术中根据胰管直径、胰腺残端直径和空肠管腔口径合理选择胰肠吻合方式可取得较好的临床效果.     

323例简化捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床疗效

目的 探讨简化捆绑式胰肠吻合的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2010年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院实施根治性胰十二指肠切除术治疗323例壶腹部周围癌患者的临床资料.胰肠吻合均采用简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合:胰腺断端游离3～4 cm;将6号或8号硅胶导尿管插入胰管内4～5 cm,胰腺断端外硅胶管为6～8 cm,用可吸收缝线将其缝合固定在胰腺断端上;胰腺断端交锁缝合止血.将空肠断端外翻2～3 cm,电灼损伤黏膜1 cm;回复外翻空肠,在空肠断端的系膜及其对侧和两者的中点与胰腺的下缘、上缘及其之间的胰腺被膜各对称性地缝合1针;并将空肠套在胰腺断端后打结固定.在确定空肠完整地套在胰腺游离段上后,用1-0可吸收线将空肠断端捆绑在胰腺游离段上.消化道重建均采用Child法.结果 323例患者顺利完成了简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合;1例胰肠吻合口出血患者于缝扎出血点后第3天发生胰瘘,置管引流出院1个月后自行痊愈.2例胆总管下端癌和2例胰腺钩突部癌患者分别于术后3、6和8、11 d发生胰瘘,经引流等保守治疗后痊愈.胰瘘发生率为1.5%(5/323).结论 简化的捆绑式胰肠吻合简单易行、安全、可靠,可明显降低胰瘘的发生率.     

胰十二指肠切除术并发胰漏的预防体会

1990年 1月～ 1999年 12月本院共行胰十二指肠切除术 2 7例 ,仅 1例术后并发胰漏 ,其发生率为3.3% ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组中男性 19例 ,女性 8例 ,年龄 36～ 6 5岁。其中胰头癌 19例 ,十二指肠乳头癌 3例 ,胆总管下段癌 4例 ,1例为胆总管下端结石嵌顿术中损伤壶腹部无法修复。消化道重建的方式采用Ｃｈｉｌｄ术式2 6例 ,并在胃肠吻合口以下的远近端空肠间常规行侧 -侧吻合。其中胰肠吻合的方式为 :胰腺 -空肠端端套入式吻合 5例 ,胰管 -空肠粘膜端侧吻合 7例 ,捆绑式吻合 14例。采用胰 -胃吻合 1例。 2 7例中胰管中置管 2 4例 ,并同时…     

Prevention of pancreatic anastomotic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Leakage at the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis remains a common and serious complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Over the past decade, various measures directed towards prevention of pancreatic leakage have been studied. This article reviews the available data on the efficacy of these measures. DATA SOURCES: The Medline database from 1990 to 2000 was searched for studies on the prevention of pancreatic anastomotic leakage, and the bibliographies of the articles were reviewed for additional references. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of the results of prophylactic octreotide in preventing pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy from data available in three randomized controlled studies yielded an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.84). Pending further trials to clarify its role, the routine use of octreotide in pancreaticoduodenectomy cannot be recommended. Retrospective or nonrandomized prospective studies suggested that technical modifications such as duct-to-mucosa anastomosis, pancreaticogastrostomy and external pancreatic duct stenting may reduce the leakage rate, but there is a paucity of randomized trials. A randomized trial comparing pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy did not reveal a significant difference in the leakage rate. CONCLUSIONS: Further randomized controlled studies are required to determine the optimum technique of pancreaticoenteric anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

胰肠吻合术后腹腔引流液淀粉酶连续监测结果分析

目的探讨胰肠吻合术后腹腔引流液淀粉酶升高的发生时间及变化规律。方法前瞻性收集2008年2月至2011年12月泰兴市人民医院收治的28例胰腺疾病病人临床资料,胰腺切除手术由同一医疗组完成,采用相同胰肠吻合方法。术后分别连续采集胰肠、胆肠吻合口旁引流液,进行淀粉酶测定。同时测定血清、T管内胆汁淀粉酶。采用国际国内认可的胰瘘定义对结果进行评估。结果 28例病人中,术后腹腔引流液淀粉酶异常升高85.7%(24/28),其中早期升高型42.9%(12/28),迟发性升高型7.1%(2/28),再次升高型(M型)28.6%(8/28),持续升高型7.1%(2/28)。术后发生胰瘘(ISGPF)12例(42.9%),均为A级胰瘘。经吻合口造影证实无胰肠吻合口瘘。结论胰肠吻合术后腹腔引流液中淀粉酶升高比较常见,且有一定的规律性,这与术后胰实质胰液渗漏有关,仅少数病人可发展为具有临床意义的胰瘘。     

Interventional pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy

Background Leakage from the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is closely associated with intra-abdominal hemorrhage with ensuing high mortality. Methods Interventional pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in 10 patients with external drainage of pancreatic juice after two-staged PD or leakage from pancreaticojejunostomy after PD. The jejunum was punctured using a 22-gauge needle into the pancreatic fistula during endoscopic observation of the jejunal lumen, followed by the insertion of two 0.35-inch guide-wires into the jejunum and pancreatic fistula. Finally, a stenting tube was placed between the jejunum and pancreatic fistula. Results No severe complications developed. Oral intake was instituted the following day in 8 of 10 patients, and on the 7th day in the remaining two patients. Conclusion This interventional procedure is considered to be safe and easy to perform, and in the future, it may permit a reduction in the number of second laparotomies in pancreatic fistula.     

Experimental and clinical studies on operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy in reference to the process of wound healing and postoperative pancreatic function

After pancreaticoduodenectomy, the duct of residual pancreas is treated with ligation or anastomosed to jejunum. This study was carried out to determine whether or not pancreaticojejunostomy is necessary and if necessary, attempt was followed what kind of anastomosis is ideal from the view of wound healing, and reserving exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Necessity for pancreaticojejunostomy: Forty mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1: Complete ligation of the pancreatic duct without anastomosis between the pancreas and jejunum. Group 2: Anastomosis between the jejunum and fibrotic pancreas which was caused by ligation of the pancreatic duct for three weeks. As results, even in fibrotic pancreas, pancreaticojejunostomy should be done after pancreaticoduodenectomy, to preserve exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas. Operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy: One hundred and twenty mongrel dogs were used to evaluate three kinds of pancreaticojejunostomy in terms of microangiography, hydroxyproline content, histopathological findings, bursting strength of the anastomotic site and incidence of anastomotic leakage. Pancreatic function was assessed by intravenous glucose tolerance test and pancreozymin secretin test. The best results were obtained by the anastomosis between mucosa of jejunum and pancreatic duct. Clinical application: The method of the anastomosis between the mucosa of the jejunum and pancreatic duct was applied to 142 patients with periampullary cancer from January 1971 to December 1982 at Keio University Hospital. Pancreatic leakage was seen in 10% (5/50) of patients with normal pancreatic tissue without pancreatic duct obstruction and did not occur in 40 patients with fibrotic pancreas.     

胰管空肠粘膜吻合技术预防胰瘘的临床应用

目的探讨胰管空肠粘膜吻合在胰十二指肠切除术中预防胰瘘的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析自2010年4月至2014年9月在安徽医科大学第三附属医院微创外科的19例采用胰管空肠粘膜吻合的胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。结果 19例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者胰肠粘膜吻合的平均时间为(30±4.2)min,术后胰瘘1例,胰瘘发生率为5.26%(1/19)。结论胰管空肠吻合可降低胰瘘的发生率,且操作简单易行,值得在胰十二指肠切除术中推广应用。     

An alternative pancreatic anastomosis following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreatic head resection and reconstruction is technically challenging. Eight patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for either ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 7) or neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1) in the head of the pancreas with a dilated pancreatic duct. The pancreatic stump could not be mobilized to form a standard pancreaticogastrostomy or a pancreaticojejunostomy following resection because of a complete fixation to the splenic vein (n = 2), common hepatic artery (n = 1), or mesentery (n = 3) or inadequate length of the pancreatic remnant (n = 2). After laying open the pancreatic duct along the pancreatic transection margin in the ventral aspect of the pancreas, a longitudinal ventral pancreaticojejunostomy was performed using polydioxanone 3/0 sutures. The average time taken to create this pancreatic anastomosis was less than 10 minutes. This longitudinal ventral pancreatic anastomosis is quick, easy to perform, and a safe alternative method for pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

Pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Some techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy have been introduced with reference to pancreatic leakage from the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Pancreatic leakage (+/- ) occurred in 21.4% of pancreaticojejunostomy patients and pancreatic leakage (+) in 9.5%. The frequency of pancreatic leakage tended to be higher in cases where the pancreatic duct was undilated and the remaining distal segment of the pancreas had a soft tissue. Pancreatic leakage led to secondary complication in none of the patients in our series, but further technical refinement of pancreaticojejunostomy is warranted to reduce the frequency of pancreatic leakage to zero.     

Occlusion of the pancreatic duct versus pancreaticojejunostomy: a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: Using a prospective randomized study to assess postoperative morbidity and pancreatic function after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticojejunostomy and duct occlusion without pancreaticojejunostomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy are largely due to leakage of the pancreaticoenterostomy. Pancreatic duct occlusion without anastomosis of the pancreatic remnant may prevent these complications. METHODS: A prospective randomized study was performed in a nonselected series of 169 patients with suspected pancreatic and periampullary cancer. In 86 patients the pancreatic duct was occluded without anastomosis to pancreatic remnant, and in 83 patients a pancreaticojejunostomy was performed after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Postoperative complications were the endpoint of the study. All relevant data concerning patient demographics and postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as endocrine and exocrine function were analyzed. At 3 and 12 months after surgery, evaluation of weight loss, stools, and the use of antidiabetics and pancreatic enzyme was repeated. RESULTS: Patient characteristics were comparable in both groups. There were no differences in median blood loss, duration of operation, and hospital stay. No significant difference was noted in postoperative complications, mortality, and exocrine insufficiency. The incidence of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with duct occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Duct occlusion without pancreaticojejunostomy does not reduce postoperative complications but significantly increases the risk of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency after duct occlusion.     

End-to-End Invaginated Pancreaticojejunostomy with Three Overlapping U-Sutures––A Safe and Simple Method of Pancreaticoenteric Anastomosis

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula associated with mortality and morbidity remains an intractable problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy. To date it still carries a notable incidence of roughly 10% to 30% in large series in spite of numerous pharmacological and technical methods that have been proposed to achieve a leakproof pancreatic remnant. Methods: In order to perform a safe anastomosis to pancreatic remnant with less sophisticated sutures and shorter operative duration, a fast and simple technique of end-to-end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy with three overlapping U-sutures was devised in our institution. Results: Between April 2011 and July 2013, end-to-end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy with three overlapping U-sutures technique was used in 23 consecutive cases that underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our institute. The median operative time for pancreaticojejunostomy was 12 min. The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 8.7% (n = 2) and both cases were grade A fistula with no clinical impact or delayed hospital discharge. Neither relaparotomy nor postoperative mortality was observed. Conclusions: The technique of using three overlapping U-sutures in an end-to-end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy represents a simple management of pancreaticoenteric anastomosis with reliability and applicability, and provides an alternative choice for pancreaticojejunostomy to senior pancreatic surgeons as well as those without experience.     

Pancreaticojejunal anastomosis, using a stent tube, in pancreaticoduodenectomy

We report our technique for pancreaticojejunostomy, using a stent tube, and examine the literature with regard to the use of a stent tube in pancreaticojejunostomy. The total number of stitches in the anastomosis of the pancreatic parenchyma and seromuscle layer of the jejunum should be more than 20, and there should be more than 8 stitches in the anastomosis of the pancreatic duct and parenchyma and all layers of the jejunal wall, even in a normal-sized main pancreatic duct. There is no dead space between the cut end of the pancreatic parenchyma and the jejunal wall. None of the 114 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our series died. We use a stent because this makes it easier to perform anterior wall anastomosis of the pancreaticojejunostomy. It is easy to find the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis at the anterior wall anastomosis. We never stitch the posterior wall of the anastomosis with a stent tube in place at the anterior wall anastomosis. If the anastomosis leaks, the massive flow of pancreatic juice around the anastomosis is prevented because of the pancreatic juice flowing out of the pancreatic tube.