废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫的化学改性

本文利用嫁接方法在聚苯乙烯大分子链上引入羟基,环氧基,对废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫进行化学改性。并用正交设计实验考查了嫁接单体用量、催化剂与嫁接单体比例,以及反应的温度和时间对嫁接率的影响,提出了获得最高嫁接率的优化配比和反应条件,还用红外光谱表征了嫁接前后废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫大分子结构的变化。     

环氧改性含磷苯丙防锈乳液的合成

采用常规乳液聚合方法,以环氧树脂改性含有磷酸酯功能单体的苯丙乳液来制备水性防锈乳液。苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等为共聚单体,引入环氧树脂及具有抗闪蚀功能的磷酸酯功能单体,考察了乳化剂、引发剂、环氧树脂、磷酸酯单体不同用量对乳液及其漆膜的影响,并对乳液的粒径、固含量及漆膜的耐盐水性、附着力等性能进行测试,逐步优化聚合工艺来合成具有高效防锈的新型环氧防锈乳液。研究表明,乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、环氧树脂用量、磷酸酯单体用量分别为单体总量的1.5%、0.6%、7%、3%时,可制得性能较好的水性环氧改性含磷苯丙防锈乳液。     

聚苯乙烯溶液接枝改性研究

用溶液接枝的方法研究了回收的废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的接枝工艺，包括引发剂的用量、反应温度、单体浓度、单体种类、多单体共接枝对废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料接枝的影响。PS接枝工艺的研究结果为废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的再利用提供了理论依据。     

废聚苯乙烯制备防锈涂料

采用混合溶剂溶解废聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ），并选用引发剂（ＢＰＯ）和共聚单体（改性剂）共聚接枝改性废聚苯乙烯，然后与化锈处理液在分散剂作用下制得防锈涂料，具有成本低，工艺简单、综合性能好等特点。介绍了制备该涂料的工艺流程。讨论了顺丁烯二酸酐共聚单体，复合分散剂和引发剂用量对涂料性能的影响。     

废弃聚苯乙烯颗粒接枝改性制备防水涂料的研究

以丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为共聚单体,采用溶液接枝法对废聚苯乙烯（PS）进行接枝改性制得PS接枝共聚物,然后以PS接枝共聚物的乳液为基料制备改性PS防水涂料。研究了引发剂用量、单体用量、反应温度和反应时间对PS接枝共聚物接枝率的影响,以及填料和增塑剂的用量对改性PS防水涂料性能影响。结果表明,PS接枝共聚物的最佳合成工艺为：PS用量为30 g,溶剂用量为60 mL,引发剂用量为2.2 g,单体用量为20 g,反应温度为85 ℃,反应时间为25 h;向改性PS乳液中填加10 %的填料和4 %的增塑剂制得的防水涂料性能最佳：耐水时间为25 h,耐盐时间为27 h,表干时间为18 min,冲击强度达50 kg·cm。     

水合肼消除丙烯酸异辛酯改性PVC中残留单体的研究

通过溶胀聚合方法制备出丙烯酸异辛酯改性PVC树脂，然后添加水合肼与残留的丙烯酸异辛酯单体进行加成反应，研究了水合肼用量对残留丙烯酸异辛酯浓度及改性PVC树脂加工性能的影响。结果表明：经水合肼处理后，改性PVC树脂的刺激性气味显著降低，残留丙烯酸异辛酯的转化率达到了70%以上，并且残留单体的浓度随着水合肼用量的增加逐渐降低；但水合肼用量过多会导致改性PVC树脂平衡扭矩升高及分解变色，因此实际添加量不宜超过单体质量的3%。     

环氧改性苯丙乳液的制备及性能研究

研究了环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液的合成工艺以及乳化剂、引发剂、环氧树脂、功能单体用量等条件对反应过程及乳液性能的影响。通过实验得到阴离子与非离子乳化剂配比为1．5：1、引发剂的用量为0．6％、功能单体MAA的用量为2％、环氧树脂的用量为5％。合成的环氧改性苯丙乳液,在耐水性、耐碱性、Ca2＋稳定性方面有了明显提高。     

环氧改性水性丙烯酸乳液的制备与性能研究

以丁烯酸改性环氧树脂作为大分子改性剂,采用种子乳液聚合法合成水性环氧改性丙烯酸乳液,利用红外光谱、粒径分布、透射电镜对产品乳液进行了表征,研究了改性环氧树脂E51的用量、乳化剂配比与用量、含氟功能单体对其性能的影响。研究结果表明:丁烯酸改性环氧树脂E51的引入能够显著地提高漆膜的耐水性;改性环氧树脂E51用量为10%,乳化剂的用量(SDS∶OP-10=2∶1)为单体质量的1.2 5%,甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(G04)的用量为3%,合成得到乳液的漆膜硬度及耐水性能最佳。     

利用废聚苯乙烯改性乳液制备防火涂料

介绍了对废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料进行乳液改性的工艺及不同改性剂的用量对乳液性能的影响。探讨了在利用改性后的乳液制备防火涂料时，各种防火添加剂对涂料防火性能的影响。试验证明，利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫进行乳液改性，采用适当的防火添加剂可制得较理想的防火涂料。     

化学改性废塑料制备水泥助磨剂的研究及应用

用废聚苯乙烯塑料通过磺化改性合成了具有水溶性的磺化聚苯乙烯系列产品;通过实验研究了反应温度、反应时间和磺化剂及用量等对改性产物性能的影响,并确定了羧基化改性条件中最适宜的硝化反应条件和还原反应条件。以"改性聚苯乙烯磺酸盐"为改性高分子基体,添加部分醇类及醇胺辅助原料经特殊工艺合成高分子水泥助磨剂,研究了其助磨性能及对水泥性能的影响。     

溶液/乳液二次聚合制备单分散微米级交联聚苯乙烯微球的研究

尝试一种不同于以往传统方法合成单分散微米级 (6-1 0μ)交联聚苯乙烯微球—溶液 /乳液二次聚合法。研究了引发剂、溶剂、交联剂、稳定剂、乳化剂含量对聚合物微球粒径的影响 ,得出最佳的反应条件。研究发现粒径随引发剂和交联剂浓度的增加而增大。随介质水用量的增加而增大 ,随乙醇用量增加而减小 ,随稳定剂和乳化剂浓度的增加而减小。     

有机-无机杂化核壳型乳胶粒的制备及其粒径控制

以苯乙烯乳液聚合合成种子,再在种子外生成苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸-3-三甲氧基硅丙酯（MPS）的共聚物,利用MPS中硅氧烷基的水解-缩合反应,形成交联的壳,得到有机-无机杂化型核壳乳胶粒.然后用溶剂将聚苯乙烯模板溶解,可得到空心微胶囊.通过透射电镜（TEM）和动态光散射粒径仪（DLS）观测乳胶粒及微胶囊的形态.并研究了乳化剂种类、介质pH值、MPS用量和加入方式对粒径、粒子数和体系稳定性的影响.发现非离子型乳化剂、酸性或碱性介质、MPS用量过多均促进乳胶粒子数减少,减弱了乳液稳定性.而采取连续滴加MPS的方法则可提高乳液的稳定性,且粒径可控.     

Graft polymers with macromonomers. I. Synthesis from methacrylate-terminated polystyrene

Pure graft polymers having uniform molecular weight polystyrene side chains were prepared by free radical copolymerization of methacrylate-terminated polystyrene macromonomers (MA-CROMER) with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, or other suitable monomers. The MACROMER monomer was synthesized by living anionic polymerization under conditions that led to very narrow molecular weight distributions. Very effective end capping produced a material that was highly monofunctional. The graft copolymers were prepared by several techniques such as free radical solution polymerization, by aqueous suspension polymerization which produced beads, or by emulsion reactions which yielded stable latices. Polymerizations were reproducible. High conversion of the MACROMER monomer into pure graft polymers was achieved, and the product was contaminated with only a little homopolymer. The milled and molded phase-separated graft polymers had optical clarity and physical properties characteristic of polystyrene-reinforced triblock polymers. Compositions of 20-30% polystyrene were thermoplastic elastomers with good recovery. When polystyrene contents were increased, the graft products were strong, flexible thermoplastics with well defined yield strengths and increased permanent set. Copolymers of polystyrene macromers with acrylonitrile or vinyl chloride produced transparent polystyrene homopolymer-free graft polymer products having improved processing over polyacrylonitrile or poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymers.     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Surface Active Monomers Based on Derivatives of 4‐Hydroxybutyric Acid and 6‐Hydroxyhexanoic Acid

Novel surface active maleate and methacrylate monomers based on derivatives of ω‐hydroxy carboxylic acids have been synthesized. The monomers are comprised of hydrophobic alkyl chains and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol), quaternary ammonium, sulfonate and carboxylic fragments. Synthesized monomers sufficiently reduce surface tension at the aqueous solution‐air interface. The copolymerization of synthesized monomers with 5‐tert‐butylperoxy‐5‐methyl‐2‐hexene‐3‐yne monomer and N‐vinylpyrrolidone in solvent and emulsion copolymerization of synthesized peroxide containing surface active monomer with styrene have been carried out. The synthesized surface active monomers have been shown to be suitable emulsifiers for obtaining polystyrene colloid dispersions. It has been ascertained that the surface active copolymers obtained can form stable interpolyelectrolyte complexes with oppositely charged polymers.     

Synthesis and characterization of air‐stable magnetic Fe composites microspheres of narrow size distribution

Air‐stable Fe magnetic nanoparticles entrapped within carbon and porous crosslinked polystyrene microspheres of narrow size distribution were prepared by the following sequential steps: (1) Polystyrene/poly(divinyl benzene) and polystyrene/poly(styrene‐divinyl benzene) uniform micrometer‐sized composite particles were prepared by a single‐step swelling of uniform polystyrene template microspheres dispersed in an aqueous continuous phase with emulsion droplets of dibutyl phthalate containing the monomers divinyl benzene and styrene and the initiator benzoyl peroxide. The monomers within the swollen polystyrene template microspheres were then polymerized by raising the temperature to 73°C; (2) Porous poly (divinyl benzene) and poly(styrene‐divinyl benzene) uniform crosslinked microspheres were prepared by dissolution of the polystyrene template part of the former composite particles; (3) Uniform magnetic poly(divinyl benzene)/Fe and poly(styrene‐divinyl benzene)/Fe composite microspheres were prepared by entrapping Fe(CO)₅ within the porous crosslinked microspheres, by suction of the Fe complex into the dried porous particles, followed by decomposition of the encapsulated Fe(CO)₅ at 200°C in Ar atmosphere; (4) Uniform magnetic air‐stable C/Fe composite microspheres were prepared similarly, apart from changing the decomposition temperature from 200 to 600°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

三元共聚物的聚合物组成影响因素研究

通过在丁苯乳液聚合过程中加入第三单体异戊二烯得到苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物,并通过改变实验条件研究了聚合转化率、聚合温度、引发剂用量、调节剂用量和单体配比等因素对聚合物组成的影响。结果表明,聚合时各单体投入量是影响聚合物组成的主要因素;其次,转化率的升高和聚合温度的升高会导致聚苯乙烯含量增加和聚异戊二烯含量减少。     

高固含量无皂丙烯酸酯乳液的制备

利用离子型和非离子型亲水单体参与无皂乳液共聚，制备了稳定的高固含量苯乙烯——丙烯酸丁酯乳液：讨论了亲水单体的用量、配比、投料方式，以及功能单体和醋酸乙烯酯对乳液稳定性的影响。     

Polymer-clay nanocomposites prepared via in situ emulsion polymerization

A series of novel polystyrene and poly(butyl methacrylate) montmorillonites (MMT-Na) nanocomposite latexes have been successfully prepared by emulsion polymerization. First of all, chemical modification of MMT-Na with a reactive coupling agent (MMT-QS) has been employed for the synthesis of hybrids. Subsequently, in situ seeded emulsion polymerization of hydrophobic vinyl monomers, such as butyl methacrylate and styrene, using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ammonium persulfate (APS) as surfactant and initiator, respectively, were used for nanocomposite preparation. This technique allowed preparing of stable nanocomposite latexes with high (30–45 wt.%) solids contents and with loading of inorganic particles up to 5 wt.%. The prepared wet dispersions were subsequently characterized by light scattering method. In order to characterize the microstructure of the clay layers, and that of the organoclay in polystyrene and poly(butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites, wide and small angle X-ray analyses (WAXS, SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used.     

用废聚苯乙烯制备无溶剂型纸张表面施胶剂的研究

用相容性较好的乙烯基类单体溶解回收废聚苯乙烯泡沫材料(EPS),并通过乳液聚合方法制备出一种稳定的低成本无溶剂型纸张表面施胶剂,将其与糊化好的氧化淀粉复配可制取质量分数为4%的施胶液。结果表明:制备施胶剂的最佳工艺条件为m(十二烷基硫酸钠)∶m(OP-10)=2∶1,w(引发剂)=0.5%~0.6%,反应时间为80min,w(废EPS)=5%~10%(相对于复合单体而言);采用质量分数为4%的施胶液对纸张表面进行施胶,可使纸张的施胶度、挺度和环压强度分别提高17倍、33%和21%。     

乳化环氧改性的丙烯酸系乳液室温固化体系

将乙二醇二缩水甘油醚分散在水中制成环氧化合物乳液,并以其为交联剂,用以对丙烯酸系单体/胺基单体乳液共聚物的改性,制成了双组分室温固化乳液涂料。研究了乳化剂种类和胺基单体用量对聚合稳定性的影响,结果表明,若采用p 壬基酚聚氧化乙烯醚硫酸钠为乳化剂,且胺基单体用量低于单体总量2 5%时,可以制得稳定的带胺基的共聚物乳液。将丙烯酸系共聚物乳液和环氧乳液复合并在室温下干燥成膜,通过对聚合物膜的DSC和力学性能测试均表明,双组分体系在成膜过程中发生了交朕反应,而未加环氧化合物的单组分聚合物乳液成膜时则不发生交联。