Log-polar wavelet energy signatures for rotation and scale invariant texture classification

Classification of texture images is important in image analysis and classification. This paper proposes an effective scheme for rotation and scale invariant texture classification using log-polar wavelet signatures. The rotation and scale invariant feature extraction for a given image involves applying a log-polar transform to eliminate the rotation and scale effects, but at same time produce a row shifted log-polar image, which is then passed to an adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform to eliminate the row shift effects. So, the output wavelet coefficients are rotation and scale invariant. The adaptive row shift invariant wavelet packet transform is quite efficient with only O(n /spl middot/ log n) complexity. A feature vector of the most dominant log-polar wavelet energy signatures extracted from each subband of wavelet coefficients is constructed for rotation and scale invariant texture classification. In the experiments, we employed a Mahalanobis classifier to classify a set of 25 distinct natural textures selected from the Brodatz album. The experimental results, based on different testing data sets for images with different orientations and scales, show that the proposed classification scheme using log-polar wavelet signatures outperforms two other texture classification methods, its overall accuracy rate for joint rotation and scale invariance being 90.8 percent, demonstrating that the extracted energy signatures are effective rotation and scale invariant features. Concerning its robustness to noise, the classification scheme also performs better than the other methods.     

一种基于DCT的模糊聚类自适应水印算法

在DCT域提出了基于模糊和人类视觉系统的新颖的数字水印算法，该算法将图像块按照亮度和纹理进行分类，可以自适应地根据图像特点嵌入水印。水印为二值图像，根据块分类以不同的嵌入强度嵌入到所选择块的中频系数中。该方法允许在一定的视觉距离下嵌入更为鲁棒的水印，达到鲁棒性和不可见性的良好折衷。仿真结果显示了该方法可以抵抗如压缩，加噪等常用攻击。     

Unsupervised change detection using spectral features and a texture difference measure for VHR remote-sensing images

This article proposes an unsupervised change-detection method using spectral and texture information for very-high-resolution (VHR) remote-sensing images. First, a new local-similarity-based texture difference measure (LSTDM) is defined using a grey-level co-occurrence matrix. A mathematical analysis shows that LSTDM is robust with respect to noise and spectral similarity. Second, the difference image is generated by integrating the spectral and texture features. Then, the unsupervised change-detection problem in VHR remote-sensing images is formulated as minimizing an energy function related with changed and unchanged classes in the difference image. A modified expectation-maximization-based active contour model (EMCVM) is applied to the difference image to separate the changed and unchanged regions. Finally, two different experiments are performed with SPOT-5 images and compared with state-of-the-art unsupervised change-detection methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method can sufficiently increase the robustness with respect to noise and spectral similarity and obtain the highest accuracy among the methods addressed in this article.     

Texture classification using partial differential equation approach and wavelet transform

Textures and patterns are the distinguishing characteristics of objects. Texture classification plays fundamental role in computer vision and image processing applications. In this paper, texture classification using PDE (partial differential equation) approach and wavelet transform is presented. The proposed method uses wavelet transform to obtain the directional information of the image. A PDE for anisotropic diffusion is employed to obtain texture component of the image. The feature set is obtained by computing different statistical features from the texture component. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) enhances separability of texture feature classes. The features obtained from LDA are class representatives. The proposed approach is experimented on three gray scale texture datasets: VisTex, Kylberg, and Oulu. The classification accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated using k-NN classifier. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to the other methods in the literature.     

A new keypoint-based copy-move forgery detection for small smooth regions

Copy-move forgery is one of the most common types of image forgeries, where a region from one part of an image is copied and pasted onto another part, thereby concealing the image content in the latter region. Keypoint based copy-move forgery detection approaches extract image feature points and use local visual features, rather than image blocks, to identify duplicated regions. Keypoint based approaches exhibit remarkable performance with respect to computational cost, memory requirement, and robustness. But unfortunately, they usually do not work well if smooth background areas are used to hide small objects, as image keypoints cannot be extracted effectively from those areas. It is a challenging work to design a keypoint-based method for detecting forgeries involving small smooth regions. In this paper, we propose a new keypoint-based copy-move forgery detection for small smooth regions. Firstly, the original tampered image is segmented into nonoverlapping and irregular superpixels, and the superpixels are classified into smooth, texture and strong texture based on local information entropy. Secondly, the stable image keypoints are extracted from each superpixel, including smooth, texture and strong texture ones, by utilizing the superpixel content based adaptive feature points detector. Thirdly, the local visual features, namely exponent moments magnitudes, are constructed for each image keypoint, and the best bin first and reversed generalized 2 nearest-neighbor algorithm are utilized to find rapidly the matching image keypoints. Finally, the falsely matched image keypoints are removed by customizing the random sample consensus, and the duplicated regions are localized by using zero mean normalized cross-correlation measure. Extensive experimental results show that the newly proposed scheme can achieve much better detection results for copy-move forgery images under various challenging conditions, such as geometric transforms, JPEG compression, and additive white Gaussian noise, compared with the existing state-of-the-art copy-move forgery detection methods.     

基于视觉显著性检测的图像分类方法

针对传统的图像分类方法对整个图像不分等级处理以及缺乏高层认知的问题,提出了一种基于显著性检测的图像分类方法。首先,利用视觉注意模型进行显著性检测,得到图像的显著区域;然后,利用Gabor滤波方法和脉冲耦合神经网络模型,分别提取该显著区域的纹理特征和时间签名特征;最后,根据提取的纹理特征和时间签名特征,利用支持向量机实现图像分类。实验结果表明,所提方法在SIMPLIcity图像数据集上平均分类正确率达到94.26%,在Caltech数据集上平均分类正确率为95.43%,从而证明,显著性检测与有效的特征提取对图像分类有重要影响。     

综合灰度与纹理特征的高分辨率星载SAR图像建筑区提取方法研究

高分辨率SAR图像的纹理特性对于图像的解译及地物分类等具有重要的意义。根据高分辨率星载SAR图像上建筑区的纹理有别于其他地物的特点,提出了一种综合利用灰度和纹理特征的高分辨率星载SAR图像建筑区提取方法。首先对SAR图像进行斑点噪声的抑制,然后利用灰度共生矩阵计算出星载SAR图像上建筑区与非建筑区的8种纹理特征统计量,根据巴氏距离进行特征选择,并通过主成分分析去除纹理特征之间的相关性,得到了最佳纹理特征分量,将所选的特征影像与原始图像进行波段组合,利用K均值聚类算法对组合后的图像进行非监督分类;最后通过对分类图像进行后处理并提取外部轮廓,提取了建筑区。以COSMO-SkyMed SAR影像为数据源进行了实验。结果表明该方法能够有效提取高分辨率星载SAR图像中的建筑区,提取效果明显优于未利用纹理特征的方法。     

The effectiveness of image features based on fractal image coding for image annotation

Image annotation is a process of assigning metadata to digital images in the form of captions or keywords, and has been regarded as image management and one of the most crucial processes of image retrieval. And many automatic methods have been proposed. However, these methods still have some problems respectively. Fractals are fragmented geometries and can be considered separate parts; each part is similar to the contracted overall shape. Fractal features provide geometric information of an image that is irrelevant to the shape and size of an object in the image; therefore, fractal features are more robust than color and texture features. Therefore, this study proposed a fractal-driven image annotation (FIA) schema that extracts fractal features through fractal image coding and integrates color and texture as new visual features to conduct image-based annotation. Experimental results indicate that the effect of thresholds on annotating accuracy is insignificant. This finding supports the application of FIA on complex practical environments, reduces the time for identifying the optimal thresholds, and improves the practicality of using FIA in real environments.     

融合多特征与互信息选择集成多核极限学习机的影像分类方法

针对影像分类结果的类间差异性与准确性难以平衡的问题,提出一种融合多特征与互信息选择集成多核极限学习机的影像分类方法.该方法首先利用最小噪声分离提取影像的光谱特征,考虑到高分辨率影像局部细节信息清晰,利用LBP算子提取影像的局部纹理信息,采用泛化性能好的核极限学习机训练多个弱分类器;然后,通过引入相关性准则描述准确性,冗...     

基于U-Net融合的保留纹理的图像去噪方法

图像的噪声阻碍了高级视觉任务对图像的理解,且去除图像的噪声是一个具有挑战性的任务.现有的基于卷积神经网络的图像去噪方法在去除噪声的同时,对图像纹理会引入一定程度的破坏,导致去噪后图像无法保留图像的纹理.为了解决这个问题,本文提出一种用二分支U-Net网络来融合特征和保留纹理的图像去噪方法.首先选取一种去噪方法的两个不同去噪参数的预训练模型分别得到同一张噪声图像的不同去噪结果,其中一个结果中去噪效果比纹理保留效果好,另一个结果中纹理保留比去噪效果好.然后将这两个去噪图像作为卷积神经网络的输入,利用两个编码器分别提取图像的特征,并同时放入融合模块融合图像的特征,最后利用解码器重建出无噪声图像.实验结果表明,与现有的方法相比本文的方法更有效,在去除噪声的同时能保留更多的图像纹理信息.     

A new approach for rotation-invariant and noise-resistant texture analysis and classification

The analysis and classification of images, such as texture images, is one of the substantial and important fields in image processing. Due to destructive effects of image rotation and noise, the stability and efficiency of texture analysis and classification methods are an important research area. In this paper, a new method for texture analysis and classification has been proposed which is based on a particular combination of wavelet, ridgelet and Fourier transforms as well as support vector machine. The proposed method has been evaluated for 13 texture datasets produced by three original datasets containing 25 and 111 original textures from Brodatz database and 24 original textures from OUTEX database. These datasets comprise 415584 and 93600 rotated noise-free and noisy texture images for Brodatz database and also 49920 noisy and 4320 noise-free texture images for OUTEX database, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the capability, efficiency and also stability of the proposed method especially for real-time rotation-invariant and noise-resistant texture analysis and classification.     

A spectral–textural kernel-based classification method of remotely sensed images

Most studies have been based on the original computation mode of semivariogram and discrete semivariance values. In this paper, a set of texture features are described to improve the accuracy of object-oriented classification in remotely sensed images. So, we proposed a classification method support vector machine (SVM) with spectral information and texture features (ST-SVM), which incorporates texture features in remotely sensed images into SVM. Using kernel methods, the spectral information and texture features are jointly used for the classification by a SVM formulation. Then, the texture features were calculated based on segmented block matrix image objects using the panchromatic band. A comparison of classification results on real-world data sets demonstrates that the texture features in this paper are useful supplement information for the spectral object-oriented classification, and proposed ST-SVM classification accuracy than the traditional SVM method with only spectral information.     

基于频率谱处理的瓷砖纹理分类方法

针对瓷砖在线分类检测中,一些瓷砖品种的纹理难以定量化描述,且种间色差、亮度差难以区分的问题,提出一种基于频率谱处理的瓷砖纹理分类方法。首先采用基于高斯滤波的方法增强纹理并消除低幅值噪声,从而加强了对低质量图像的适应性。然后通过离散傅里叶变换得到频率谱图像,去除直流分量和高频成分后既可以突出纹理信息又抑制了高频噪声的影响。最后与预设模板库比较,采用图像匹配法计算距离,利用最小距离分类法实现分类,满足对各种纹理瓷砖的适应性以及在线分类快速性要求。实验结果表明,该方法对不同的瓷砖样本区分度高,对同类样本鲁棒性好,分类准确率高,在瓷砖在线分类检测中具有较高的实用价值。     

A fractal-based clustering approach in large visual database systems

Large visual database systems require effective and efficient ways of indexing and accessing visual data on the basis of content. In this process, significant features must first be extracted from image data in their pixel format. These features must then be classified and indexed to assist efficient access to image content. With the large volume of visual data stored in a visual database, image classification is a critical step to achieve efficient indexing and retrieval. In this paper, we investigate an effective approach to the clustering of image data based on the technique of fractal image coding, a method first introduced in conjunction with fractal image compression technique. A joint fractal coding technique, applicable to pairs of images, is used to determine the degree of their similarity. Images in a visual database can be categorized in clusters on the basis of their similarity to a set of iconic images. Classification metrics are proposed for the measurement of the extent of similarity among images. By experimenting on a large set of texture and natural images, we demonstrate the applicability of these metrics and the proposed clustering technique to various visual database applications.     

图像分解和区域保护在SAR图像压缩中的应用

在机载通信链路带宽有限的条件下,SAR图像的有损压缩是解决实时性和带宽限制的可行方案。提出了一种基于图像分解的敏感目标区域自动提取与保护的SAR图像压缩策略。首先将SAR图像分解为结构分量和纹理分量,然后在纹理分量中对包含潜在目标的区域进行检测,生成敏感目标区域掩码,最后对潜在目标区域进行保护性的低损压缩,对背景区域进行高损压缩。实验结果表明,恢复后的图像与标准的JPEG2000算法相比在同样的码率条件下具有更好的视觉效果。     

基于context模型的contourlet域图像去噪

在分析contourlet域系数分布特征的基础上提出了一种基于context模型的contourlet域图像去噪算法。算法的关键点在于:基于contourlet变换系数的分布特性,确定合适的去噪门限;利用context模型建立图像contourlet变换后的系数分类模型并根据分类使用不同的门限去噪。实验表明,本方法能较好地去除图像噪声,在提高去噪图像PSNR值和改善主观视觉效果方面都表现出了良好的性能。     

An effective scheme for image texture classification based on binary local structure pattern

Effectiveness of local binary pattern (LBP) features is well proven in the field of texture image classification and retrieval. This paper presents a more effective completed modeling of the LBP. The traditional LBP has a shortcoming that sometimes it may represent different structural patterns with same LBP code. In addition, LBP also lacks global information and is sensitive to noise. In this paper, the binary patterns generated using threshold as a summation of center pixel value and average local differences are proposed. The proposed local structure patterns (LSP) can more accurately classify different textural structures as they utilize both local and global information. The LSP can be combined with a simple LBP and center pixel pattern to give a completed local structure pattern (CLSP) to achieve higher classification accuracy. In order to make CLSP insensitive to noise, a robust local structure pattern (RLSP) is also proposed. The proposed scheme is tested over three representative texture databases viz. Outex, Curet, and UIUC. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy while being more robust to noise.     

多特征融合的场景图像分类算法

提出了一种Gabor-LBP频域纹理特征与词包模型语义特征相结合的场景图像分类算法.利用Gabor变换得到的频域信息,及对应的LBP特征,与视觉词包模型（BOW）提取的语义特征自适应相融合,实现分类.为了验证本文算法,利用两个标准图像测试库进行比较测试,实验结果表明,本文算法在改善图像纹理表达上具有明显优势,特别是对于图像的光照、旋转、尺度都具有很好的鲁棒性.     

A novel super-resolution image and video reconstruction approach based on Newton-Thiele’s rational kernel in sparse principal component analysis

In this paper, we propose a new image and video sequences reconstruction approach, where the Newton-Thiele’s vector valued rational interpolation is combined with the sparse principal component analysis. Through observation of the degraded model, the reconstruction scheme is performed by two steps. Firstly, the sparse principal component analysis and the linear minimum mean square-error estimation method are used to remove the noise from the degraded image. And then, the Newton-Thiele’s vector valued rational interpolation is used to magnify the denoising result, by which the details and texture regions of image can be well preserved. By using this novel reconstruction model by Newton-Thiele’s rational kernel in sparse principal component analysis, the final reconstructed results not only have good visual effect, but also have rich texture details. In order to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, we have done plenty of experiments on images and video sequences, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can produce better high-quality resolution results, as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.