纳米非晶Si2N2O粉末的SPS烧结及烧结体性能研究

通过低温还原,以Si₂OCl₆为原料,以Na溶液为还原剂,在液氨溶液中成功合成了纳米非晶态Si₂N₂O粉末.在不加任何烧结助剂的条件下,通过放电等离子体烧结,得到了致密的陶瓷块体.制得的纳米非晶粉末颗粒尺寸约为20 nm,XRD结果显示样品在1 100 ℃开始晶化.进一步考察了不同烧结温度下陶瓷的抗氧化性和力学性能,致密块体在1 600 ℃下经过20 h氧化后,其增重仅有1.1 %,烧结块体的力学性能随着烧结温度的增加而迅速增加,当烧结温度高于1 500 ℃时,继续增加烧结温度力学性能的增加趋势变得平缓. 1 500 ℃烧结样品的维氏硬度、强度和断裂韧性分别达到了19.6 GPa, 440 MPa和4.1 MPa·m1/2.      

TaC陶瓷的强化烧结

为探索开发低成本TaC陶瓷强化烧结制备工艺,以C、Ta和TaC粉末为原料,经成形、常压烧结制备出TaC陶瓷.结果表明:以C与Ta单质粉末为原料反应烧结时,发生自蔓延反应,产物疏松多孔,不能获得致密TaC陶瓷;纯TaC粉末在2 100℃烧结时为多孔烧结体,相对密度约为78%,孔隙大、量多且相互连通;采用添加少量C与Ta粉末强化烧结TaC坯体时,在2 100～2 300℃可以制备相对密度为91%以上的FaC无裂纹陶瓷;随强化烧结温度提高以及C、Ta粉末添加量的增加,陶瓷晶粒变粗,致密度提高.讨论了添加少量C与Ta粉末在TaC陶瓷烧结过程中的强化烧结机理.     

采用天然斜锆石微波烧结制备部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷

以选矿所得的天然斜锆石为原料，通过添加一定量的CaO稳定剂，经微波烧结直接制成Ca增韧部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷。微波设备采用的是自行研制的多模腔微波烧结装置，该装置频率为2．45GHz，最大功率为3kW。实验发现，物料在多模腔中经微波加热至约1300℃保温80min得到部分稳定氧化锆陶瓷，其密度可达到理论密度的92．97％，抗弯强度达138．271MPa。     

细晶W-15Cu材料的制备研究

利用机械合金化工艺制备了颗粒尺寸为0．5μm、W晶粒尺寸为10am的纳米晶W-Cu粉末，研究了其烧结致密化行为、烧结合金显微组织及其性能，并考察了其晶粒长大特性。结果表明：烧结温度和时间的增加有利于致密化，1300℃烧结30min，合金取得了99％的相对密度；硬度随烧结温度、时间的增加而增加，在1375℃烧结30min，硬度为HB321。W晶粒随着烧结温度的升高而增大，1200℃烧结30min获得了相对密度为98％以上、硬度为HB264、晶粒尺寸约为350am的细晶W-Cu合金。     

添加青铜粉对烧结316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了添加青铜粉对316L烧结不锈钢的密度、硬度和微观组织的影响。结果表明：添加青铜粉末提高了316L不锈钢的生坯密度。烧结样品的密度和硬度均随青铜粉体积分数的增大而提高，烧结温度升高也有利于316L烧结不锈钢密度和硬度的增大，最佳烧结温度为1200℃左右。当青铜粉的体积分数为30％、烧结温度为1200℃时，316不锈钢的最大相对密度和硬度分别为95．1％和HRB83。添加青铜粉引起的液相烧结使不锈钢颗粒球形化趋势明显，颗粒表面平直化。     

溶胶-喷雾干燥W-10Cu和W-20Cu复合粉末烧结与组织性能研究

采用超细复合粉末直接烧结和传统W骨架熔渗两种方法制备W-10Cu、W-20Cu合金.研究两种方法制备的合金的致密化、显微组织与导电性能,并重点研究了超细复合粉末短时间内烧结和在高温烧结时的致密化行为.结果表明,超细W-10Cu、W-20Cu复合粉末在1200～1420℃烧结,相对密度均达到了99.1%,致密化与合金中的...     

致密化工艺对氧化钛粉末及等离子喷涂涂层性能影响研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备了一种球形氧化钛团聚粉末, 并通过高温烧结及感应等离子球化工艺对团聚粉末进行 致密化处理。 利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、 霍尔流速计和粉末颗粒强度仪对粉末性能进行了表征, 研究了不同致 密化处理工艺对粉末颗粒强度、 松装密度及流动性的影响。 采用大气等离子喷涂 (APS) 工艺制备了氧化钛涂层, 并对涂层的微观组织进行研究。 研究结果表明, 高温烧结工艺及等离子球化工艺均可有效提升氧化钛团聚粉末 的致密度, 经过高温烧结工艺后氧化钛粉末内部的细小颗粒呈现烧结熔融的趋势, 而采用等离子球化处理后的 团聚粉末直接形成了致密球体结构。 相比于高温烧结工艺, 等离子球化工艺对氧化钛粉末的致密化效应更为明 显, 粉末的颗粒强度可达 187.86 MPa, 松装密度可由 0.79 g/cm3 提升至 1.69 g/cm3, 流动性由 163.22 s/50g 加快 至 100.27 s/50g。 该粉末经过大气等离子喷涂沉积形成的氧化钛涂层孔隙率为 2.8 %, 与未经致密化工艺处理的氧 化钛团聚粉末相比, 制备的涂层致密化水平有了较大程度的提升, 涂层的平均显微硬度值由 434.18 HV0.3 提升至 744.37 HV0.3, 涂层的结合强度均值由 11.07 MPa 提升至 29.93 MPa。     

气氛对NiFe2O4陶瓷烧结致密化的影响

采用不同的烧结工艺制备NiFe2O4陶瓷材料,研究了真空、大气、N23种气氛对NiFe2O4陶瓷材料烧结致密化的影响,解决了烧结过程中NiFe2O4陶瓷的离解问题.研究结果表明,在制备NiFe2O4陶瓷过程中,不同的烧结气氛对陶瓷的密度影响较大,采用N2气氛保护烧结工艺所制备的NiFe2O4陶瓷样品的密度较大气气氛烧结所制备出的样品的密度高14.6%～32.6%.无论在何种气氛下烧结,提高烧结温度均有利于提高NiFe2O4样品的烧结密度.     

粉末特性对AlN陶瓷致密化的影响

以沉淀前驱物和低温燃烧合成前驱物为原料，利用碳热还原法制备出比表面积分别为4．26m^2／g和17．4m^2／g的两种AlN粉末，以该两种粉末为原料制备AlN陶瓷，研究了粉末比表面积对AlN陶瓷烧结行为的影响。结果表明：粉末比表面积是影响AlN烧结行为的关键因素之一，对于燃烧合成前驱物制备的AlN粉末试样，没有添加Y2O3烧结助剂时在1700℃获得致密，添加Y2O3烧结助剂后，试样的烧结致密化温度降低为1600℃；而对于沉淀前驱物合成的AlN粉末试样，添加烧结助剂后仍需要在高于1800℃才能获得致密。探讨了粉末比表面积对AlN陶瓷烧结行为的影响机理，并利用SEM对陶瓷烧结过程中的显微结构变化进行了表征。     

球磨方式对TiC/316L复合粉末压缩性及烧结行为的影响

应用双对数压制方程和相关烧结模型,分析和探讨不同球磨方式对TiC/316L复合粉末的压制特性及烧结行为的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察复合粉末的形貌。结果表明,采用湿磨方式获得的复合粉末,其破碎程度不够,很多316L不锈钢颗粒特别是颗粒较小的不锈钢颗粒变形不大,仍然呈球形,不利于其后续的压制和烧结;采用直接干磨获得的复合粉末,其表面新鲜断裂面多,粉末表面活性大,有利于粉末的烧结致密化,但其加工硬化明显,压制成形性能较差;与其他球磨方式相比,采用先干磨再湿磨的球磨方式获得的复合粉末不仅具有较好的成形性能,而且粉末烧结激活能低,以该粉末为原料可以获得较高相对密度的烧结体。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.