太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）研究新进展

针对当前太阳能建筑一体化应用中存在的问题,提出太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）综合利用研究的新概念、新方法和新功能,不仅能提高太阳能建筑一体化的综合利用效率、降低应用成本,且使得太阳能功能更多、全年利用率更高。该文介绍了中国科学技术大学近年来的相关研究,包括与建筑相结合的光伏/热水系统、碲化镉光伏通风窗系统、光伏/空气/热水复合被动墙体系统、光伏光热-热催化/洁净多功能复合墙体系统的原理、功能及效率,拓展了太阳能建筑一体化研究和应用的新途径,为实现太阳能建筑大规模应用以及创造健康舒适的室内环境提供新的方法。     

光伏建筑一体化在城市应用中光反射问题的探讨

文章介绍了太阳能光伏发电技术的城市建筑一体化应用形式和目前市场上晶体硅太阳能电池板的减反射特性,比较了不同物质和材质的反射率,分析太阳能光伏建筑一体化应用对城市的光污染影响。     

《太阳能光伏与建筑一体化技术规程》的研究与制定

在深入调查研究国内外太阳能光伏与建筑一体化技术的应用情况和辽宁省地理、气象参数的基础上,认真总结多年来国内外太阳能光伏与建筑一体化技术应用推广和工程实践经验,参考国内外相关标准及技术文献,并广泛征求有关专家意见,结合工程建设实际情况,编制了本规程。摘要:     

Analysis of patent applications in building-integrated photovoltaic technologies

以中国专利检索数据库(CPRS)中公开的太阳能建筑相关专利文献为基础,对光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)产业的专利技术分布状况,专利申请量,国内申请人及产业链进行了分析.太阳能建筑技术在最近几年发展尤为迅速,企业主导着该技术的发展方向;江苏,上海,浙江等中东部地区的光伏产业链较为完整;光伏产业的专利申请分布还反映了我国光伏行业"重制造,轻应用"的发展模式.     

太阳能光伏建筑一体化发展模式构想

介绍了太阳能光伏与建筑一体化现状,分析和借鉴了国外光伏与建筑一体化设计理念。通过探讨光伏与建筑一体化路线,认为未来建筑发展是从BIPV到BIPV/T到NET、绿色建筑的一种基本模式,该模式可为中国光伏与建筑一体化未来发展提供参考。     

中国太阳能光伏发电产业现状及展望

通过对近年太阳能光伏发电和光伏制造产业(多晶硅、硅片、电池片和电池组)数据分析表明,我们西部地区以大型光伏电站为主,中东部地区以分布式光伏发电为主,特别是与建筑一体化的离网分布式光伏。受光伏发电的强劲牵引,我国光伏上游产业也日益壮大,已成为太阳能产品的出口大国。本文最后还对基于"互联网+"和当前的局限对太阳能光伏发电产业进行了展望。     

太阳能光伏发电应用的现状及发展

当前太阳能光伏发电正在迅速发展,应用的规模和范围正在不断地扩大。本文讨论了各种类型光伏系统的应用及国内外太阳能光伏应用的发展概况。此外还特别介绍了光伏与建筑一体化和光伏声屏障的特点及其应用状况。     

中国馆世博中心主题馆太阳能应用技术

文章介绍了上海世博会永久场馆中国馆、世博中心、主题馆太阳能应用,包括光伏建筑一体化应用形式、光伏建筑一体化组件等。理论计算了中国馆、主题馆、世博中心光伏系统发电量及CO2减排。     

光伏建筑一体化在校园小型建筑中的应用——以上海城市管理职业技术学院为例

以上海城市管理职业技术学院的木结构实训基地为案例,将光伏发电系统应用到校园内的小型建筑,是创新性的实验.研究梳理了并网光伏、离网发电、光伏建筑一体化系统从理论到实践应用的完整过程.最后,对校园小型建筑的太阳能光伏发电系统进行了经济、环境、宣传效益的分析,并展望了其推广的可能.     

基于太阳能光伏技术的节能建筑系统的设计与研究

介绍了太阳能光伏发电技术的原理及独立光伏系统和并网光伏系统的组成,总结了两种光伏系统中各组成部分的作用。分析了目前建筑耗能和建筑节能的现状,指出光伏技术与建筑的一体化方案势在必行。分析比较了几种常用的太阳能光伏利用与建筑一体化的实施方式,总结了各种方式的特点。最后提出了几条光伏建筑一体化的基本设计原则。     

Thin film solar cells on honeycomb-structured substrates for photovoltaic building blocks

Honeycomb-structured solar cell is proposed for photovoltaic building block applications. Honeycomb-like substrates were prepared either by a conventional semiconductor processing or by a low cost wet-chemical method, and amorphous Si thin film solar cells were fabricated on these substrates. We have demonstrated one of the essential requirements for building block application, which is the low sensitivity of the light incidence angles on the power conversion efficiency; and we have identified the critical processing issues through the experimental study using various thin film deposition methods. This honeycomb-structured solar cell is a promising candidate for the future photovoltaic building block applications enabling the inherent high strength-to-weight ratio and higher efficiency at an oblique light incidence.     

Design and assessment of a solar energy based integrated system with hydrogen production and storage for sustainable buildings

The current study investigates a holistically developed solar energy system combined with a ground-sourced heat pump system for stand-alone usage to produce power, heat, and cooling along with domestic hot water for residential buildings. An integrated system is proposed where three types of building-integrated photovoltaic plant orientation are considered and integrated with a vertical-oriented ground-sourced heat pump system as well as an anion exchange membrane electrolyser for hydrogen-based energy storage along with proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The ground-sourced heat pump system covers the heating requirements and exploits the available thermal energy under the ground. Hydrogen subsystem enables the integrated system to be used anytime by compensating the peak periods with stored hydrogen via fuel cell and exploiting the excess energy to produce hydrogen via electrolyser. The photovoltaic plant orientations are extensively designed by considering geometries of three different applications, namely, rooftop photovoltaic, building-integrated photovoltaic façade and photovoltaic canopy. The shading and geometrical losses of photovoltaic applications are extensively identified and considered. In addition, the openly available high-rise building load profiles are obtained from the OpenEI network and are modified accordingly to utilize in the current study. The building requirements are considered for 8760 h annually with meteorological data and energy usage characteristics of the selected regions. The integrated system is assessed via thermodynamic-based approach from energy and exergy points of views. In order to increase generality, the proposed building energy system is analyzed for five different cities around the globe. The obtained results show that a 20-floor building with approximately 62,680 m² residential area needs between 550 kWp and 1550 kWp of a photovoltaic plant in five different cities. For Ottawa, Canada, the overall energy and exergy efficiencies are found as 18.76% and 10.49%, respectively, in a typical meteorological year. For the city of Istanbul in Turkey, a 20-floor building is found to be self-sufficient by only using the building's surface area with a 495 kWp BIPV façade and a 90 kWp rooftop PV.     

Ten years of collaborative photovoltaic research and education: University of Florence—Slovak University of Technology

This paper deals with research and development (R&D) activities in the area of photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy within collaboration between the Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava and University of Florence. Activities covered include the development of all-implanted monocrystalline silicon cells with screen-printed contacts, PV modules technology for the manufacture of large-area components for power roofs, building and acoustic barriers applications, power conditioning for PV supply units for railway applications, and technological solutions for the realization of PV arrays operating at direct-current voltages in excess of 500 V. Other activities have been related to CdTe thin films for solar cells. Educational activities in the field of photovoltaic engineering for an undergraduate course are briefly outlined as well.     

Comparison of Fresnel concentrators for building integrated photovoltaics

To develop concentrating photovoltaic systems for building integration applications, two optical devices are proposed. The concentrators are based in stationary linear Fresnel lenses and secondary CPC. The moving focal area is ten times smaller than the Fresnel lens aperture. Concentrator characteristics are studied in detail: shadowing effect, placement of the focal area and optical concentration efficiency. The main contribution of this paper is the three-dimensional optical analysis of the non-imaging concentrating systems. In terms of solar radiation, photovoltaic moving modules placed in the focal area of stationary concentrators are compared with simply fixed photovoltaic modules. In favourable weather locations, the beam radiation incident on the concentrating modules would be a large percentage, more than 50%, of the global radiation received by the fixed photovoltaic devices.     

A hierarchical methodology for the mesoscale assessment of building integrated roof solar energy systems

Buildings and other engineered structures that form cities are responsible for a significant portion of the global and local impacts of climate change. Consequently, the installation of building integrated renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic or solar thermal systems on building rooftops is being widely investigated. Although the advantages for individual buildings have been studied, as yet there is little understanding of the potential benefits of urban scale implementation of such systems. Here we report the development of a new methodology for assessing the potential capacity and benefits of installing rooftop photovoltaic systems in an urbanized area. Object oriented image analysis and geographical information systems are combined with remote sensing image data to quantify the rooftop area available for solar energy applications and a renewable energy computer simulation is included to predict the potential benefits of urban scale photovoltaic system implementation. The new methodology predicts energy generation potential that can be utilized to meet Arizona’s Renewable Portfolio Standard 2025 renewable energy generation requirements.     

Advancement in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid collector technology

This article presents an overview on the research and development and application aspects for the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector systems. A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done since last 30 years. Different types of solar thermal collector and new materials for PV cells have been developed for efficient solar energy utilization. The solar energy conversion into electricity and heat with a single device (called hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector) is a good advancement for future energy demand. This review presents the trend of research and development of technological advancement in photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar collectors and its useful applications like as solar heating, water desalination, solar greenhouse, solar still, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump/air-conditioning system, building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) and solar power co-generation.     

Modeling and coordinate control of photovoltaic DC building module based BIPV system

This paper presents the modeling method and coordinate control strategy for photovoltaic dc building module (PV-DCBM) based building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system. The PV-DCBM based BIPV system consists of plenty of PV-DCBMs and a centralized inverter which are coupled to the common dc bus in parallel. Each PV-DCBM is integrated with a PV building material to extract maximum power from it and then a centralized inverter is used to transfer the power to the grid. The PV-DCBM based BIPV system has some significant advantages for building integrated applications, such as individual MPPT, inherent data monitor, low cost and excellent expandability. A coordinate control strategy based on energy balance of the PV-DCBM based BIPV system is proposed to realize the individual control for each PV-DCBM and the centralized inverter. The accurate small-signal model of the PV-DCBM based BIPV system is built based on the proposed operation principle and a detailed design approach of the coordinate controller is proposed. Experimental results on the laboratory prototype verify the validity of the proposed modeling and coordinate control method.     

Analysis of photovoltaic-green roofs in OSTIM industrial zone

In the current century, climate change, air pollution, and the depletion of energy resources are big threats to our society, especially in urban areas. It is an inevitable fact that we need to develop the green building concept and produce innovative solutions in our quest to design structures that are compatible with nature, sustainable, environmentally friendly, aesthetic and use natural resources efficiently. Roofs are the most efficient and promising building surfaces for the combination of photovoltaic panel applications and green roofs considering their locations and inclination angles. This research focuses on how carbon emission can be reduced via both green roofs and solar energy while producing electricity in OSTIM, one of Turkey's most prominent industrial zones located in the capital. The long-term detailed analysis of photovoltaic-green roof application in terms of economics and carbon emission is discussed. Although the rooftop option of a combination of solar panels and a green roof design costs higher than a standard photovoltaic system, it opens up new prospects for urban lighting in smart cities with exciting aesthetic effects. This combination of two sustainable features can become a model of green technology and opens up a wide range of research applications.