四丁基溴化铵相变蓄冷材料热物性实验研究

通过实验对四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)溶液的蓄冷结晶过程进行了测试,结果表明TBAB溶液的凝固温度随其浓度的改变而改变,在25%~45%的浓度范围内,其凝固温度位于5.8~9.3℃范围内.选取相变温度适宜、相变过程稳定、浓度为40%的TBAB溶液,向其添加硼砂成核剂,测试其相变温度和相变潜热,测试结果表明质量浓度为2%的硼砂在不影响TBAB溶液凝固温度的情况下可以降低其结晶过冷度2.4℃.采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试TBAB溶液的熔解潜热为187.030kJ/kg.因此TBAB溶液是一种高效的空调蓄冷材料.     

超声分析二元混合气体浓度的理论及应用

本文根据气体状态方程，推导了二元混合气体浓度与声速的解析关系，得到一个一元二次方程该方程的系数是声速与温度的函数，而方程的解即为气体浓度。研制了带单片机的智能超声氯气浓度分析仪，根据测量的声速与温度进行直接运算而无需现场实测－一逐点标定，该机的计算误差小于１％，经工作使用并与分析对比，其概然误差小于０．１％。     

操作条件对死端微滤膜通量的影响--温度、压力、浓度的影响

采用标准孔径为0.1μm的亲水PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)微滤膜和0.2μm的PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)膜,研究了温度、压力、浓度等操作条件对BSA溶液死端微滤膜通量的影响.实验表明,温度、压力和浓度对微滤膜通量有重要影响,通量随温度升高而增大;随浓度的增大而减小;当压力上升到0.14 MPa时,通量将不随压力变化,达到极限通量.在实验范围内(0.04~0.16 MPa,18~30℃),对于去离子水,通量和温度成良好的线性关系,通量随温度、压力的变化关系分别为ln(J/J)w=-0.021 9T-13.993和ln(J/Δp)w=-1.958 4Δp 5.283 4;对于BSA溶液,则在0.04~0.14 MPa,20~30℃范围内,通量随温度、压力的变化关系分别为JE/JT=ln(-0.004 5T2 0.230 9T)和ln(J/Δp)=-3.576 7Δp 4.627 7.溶液浓度增大,稳态通量下降;当溶液浓度达到一定值时,由于滤饼层厚度趋向平衡厚度,稳态通量将近似恒定.     

丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物溶液粘度的测定和研究

采用NEX－1型锥板粘度计和HAAK－100型锥板粘度计测定了丁二烯－苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）两种型号SBS1401和SBS4402的环己烷溶液和甲苯溶液的粘度,温度范围为20℃-60℃,浓度范围为1％－25％。研究了各种因素对溶液粘度的影响,并计算出了运动粘度。8％以下溶液呈现牛顿流体的性质,粘度基本不随剪切速率改变。浓度从10％起,溶液呈现出非牛顿性,粘度随剪切速率呈幂率变化,粘流活化能随剪切速率的增加而增高。在本文的测量范围内,绝对粘度与浓度呈三次多项式的关系,运动粘度与浓度呈指数关系。     

高浓度CO2在MEA溶液中平衡溶解度的实验研究

采用气液搅拌平衡装置,通过酸碱滴定和皂泡流量计测定了高浓度CO2在不同MEA溶液中的平衡溶解度。利用正交实验设计方法,考察了温度、CO2分压力、MEA质量浓度等因素对CO2平衡溶解度的影响。结果表明,在实验参数选定范围内,影响MEA中CO2平衡溶解度的因素主次顺序为：CO2分压力〉MEA质量浓度〉温度;MEA溶液中CO2的平衡溶解度随压力的增大而增大,随MEA质量浓度的增大而减小,随温度的增大而减小。     

超临界CO2流体中超声速的特性

超临界CO2流体声速随压力和温度变化规律,对超声技术强化超临界流体萃取应用具有理论指导作用。为研究超临界CO2流体的超声速特性,设计了单探头脉冲回波法的声速测量探头,频率2.5MHz。采用汕头超声研究所生产的CTS-3600数字式超声探伤仪与声速测量探头连接。以温度每5℃和压力每1MPa为间隔,测量了温度为25℃～55℃,压力为7MPa～26MPa的CO2流体声速,根据不同温度下声速随压力变化的一组等温线,采用多项式拟合得到超临界CO2流体声速随压力和温度变化关系模型,在T=300K时计算模型计算值和文献参考值的相对误差。结果表明:超临界CO2流体声速随压力增加而增大,随温度升高而降低,在T=300K时模型计算值和文献参考值的相对误差在7%以内。     

常压下溴化锂水溶液沸腾换热特性实验研究

除湿剂的沸腾式再生区别于喷淋式再生,受室外环境影响小,具有广阔的应用前景。溶液的沸腾特性的研究对沸腾再生器的设计有重要意义。针对常规除湿溶液LiBr水溶液的池内核态沸腾特性展开实验研究,研究发现：实验范围内,LiBr溶液的沸腾换热系数远低于纯水,并随浓度的增加而降低;溶液稳定沸腾再生对热源温度的要求并不高,LiBr溶液的沸腾温度,随着浓度的增加而升高;溶液沸腾换热机理较单一组分液体沸腾更为复杂,有待进一步深入研究。     

温度、浓度对水/乙醇混合溶剂中壳聚糖溶液黏度的影响

研究了溶解于水/乙醇混合溶剂中的壳聚糖溶液黏度随温度和浓度的变化规律。混合溶剂中,乙醇是壳聚糖的不良溶剂,而水是壳聚糖的良溶剂,将乙醇与水按一定比例混合,再加入1%的乙酸,配制成水/乙醇混合溶剂。实验使用乌氏黏度计测量溶液黏度,通过分析黏度随温度、浓度的变化规律,揭示了混合溶剂对壳聚糖溶液黏度的影响规律。研究发现,壳聚糖溶液黏度随着温度的升高而降低;恒定温度,壳聚糖溶液黏度随浓度的增加而增加。而随着温度的升高,壳聚糖在良溶剂中产生的增比黏度变化率要比其在不良溶剂中高;随着浓度的增加,壳聚糖溶液产生的增比黏度的变化率也相应增加。当浓度极稀时,壳聚糖溶液的(ηsp/C)/C曲线会出现反常现象——体系黏度随着浓度的减小而急剧上升。     

NiTi形状记忆合金相变过程中的超声波声速特性

用超声脉冲反射法测试了NiTi形状记忆合金（SMA）在相变过程中的纵波声速,研究了合金声速随温度变化的规律。结果表明：在非相变温度范围内,NiTi合金声速随温度缓慢变化,但在发生相变的温度范围内,声速的变化趋势发生明显改变;测得NiTi合金的各相变温度与常规电阻法基本一致,与电阻法等其他测量相变温度的方法相比,纵波声速法具有简单易行、测量方便以及对工件无损伤等优点。     

液相电沉积技术制备n-型铋碲纳米线阵列温差电材料

对铋碲合金电沉积过程进行了研究,并分析了温度和硝酸浓度对铋碲共沉积的影响.结果表明,Bi³⁺和HTeO₂⁺合溶液中的电沉积是分阶段进行的.溶液中HTeO₂⁺的存在阻碍了Bi³⁺的电沉积.铋碲共沉积的速度随温度的升高以及溶液中硝酸浓度的增加而加速.实验中还研究了沉积电位对铋碲组成的影响.采用ESEM分析了铋碲纳米线阵列温差电材料的形貌.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.