卷取温度对微合金化含磷钢薄钢板组织和性能的影响

以低碳微合金化含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织和力学性能以及退火再结晶动力学行为,研究了卷取温度(600、650、700℃)对微合金化含磷钢组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,热轧卷取温度对微合金化含磷钢的显微组织和力学性能有显著的影响,随着热轧卷取温度从700℃降低到600℃,试验钢退火再结晶受到明显延迟,再结晶激活能明显提高;卷取温度对热轧态和退火态铁素体晶粒尺寸影响较小,但热轧态强度随着卷取温度降低而提高;随着卷取温度的降低,冷轧退火态的强度提高,且力学性能对退火温度的敏感性增加.     

微钛处理对含磷钢薄钢板组织和性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度时(分别为600、650和700 ℃)热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织和力学性能以及退火再结晶动力学行为,研究了微钛(0.015%)处理对钢的组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,热轧卷取温度对低碳含磷钢的显微组织和力学性能影响很小,但微钛处理后,低碳含磷钢的再结晶动力学受到延迟,特别当卷取温度为600 ℃时,不但热轧态和冷轧退火态的强度提高,而且力学性能对卷取温度和退火温度的敏感性增加;随着卷取温度的降低,热轧态和冷轧退火态的强度提高,且冷轧退火态强度随着退火温度升高而降低的幅度增加.微钛处理对含磷钢组织和性能的影响与钛析出相的粗化行为有关.     

铌钛复合微合金化对含磷冷轧结构钢板组织性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度（600、650、700℃）时热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织、力学性能及退火再结晶动力学行为,对比研究了微铌（0．02％）处理和铌钛复合微合金化（0．02％Nb＋0．012％Ti）对钢的组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,与微铌处理钢相比,铌钛复合微合金化钢在600℃卷取时析出物数量更多,在更高温度卷取时熟化速度更快,650℃卷取时即熟化到一定程度。低温（600℃）卷取时,铌钛复合微合金化钢的退火再结晶更难,800℃×30s连续退火可以保证完全再结晶。将温度继续升高至800℃以上,会导致强度下降,在一定程度上影响板卷之间的性能稳定性。     

终轧温度和卷取温度对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响

通过现场试验和实验室检验,研究了终轧温度和卷取温度对低碳铝镇静钢性能的影响。结果表明,热轧过程中终轧温度偏低,导致低碳铝镇静钢热轧商品卷延伸偏低,延伸率与卷取温度关系不大,但冷轧成品的性能与终轧温度和卷取温度却密切相关。     

卷取温度对Ti-IF钢退火过程中组织和织构演变的影响

以不同热轧卷取温度生产的典型成分Ti-IF钢冷轧硬卷为研究材料,结合改良森吉米尔法连续热镀锌线的工艺特点,采用Gleeble-1500模拟退火方法和金相、x射线织构测试和硬度测试等分析手段,系统研究了退火过程中试验钢组织、再结晶温度和织构的变化.研究结果表明,随着热轧卷取温度的提高,完全再结晶温度降低;在880℃以下,退火温度对铁素体晶粒度影响很小,热轧低温卷取Ti-IF钢的铁素体晶粒度在11.0级以上,热轧高温卷取Ti-IF钢在lO.5级左右,当退火温度提高到920℃时,晶粒明显粗化;试验钢退火后具有较强的{223}<110>和{114}<110>织构,且热轧卷取温度和退火工艺条件对它们影响较小,随着退火温度的升高,试验钢的{111}织构有增强的趋势,特别是当退火温度较高时,退火温度在920℃时,{111}织构明显增强.     

受热不均匀对低碳钢SAE1010板材组织及成形性能的影响

为了研究退火过程受热不均匀对板材组织及成形性能的影响规律,对热轧态SAE1010低碳钢板进行冷轧及连续退火,分析热轧态、冷硬态及退火态钢板边部和芯部的显微组织,分别对退火态钢板边部和芯部试样进行拉伸和折弯试验。结果表明,热轧态试样少量岛状珠光体分布在铁素体晶界处,边部组织晶粒尺寸小于芯部,珠光体中部分片层渗碳体退化为球状。冷硬态板材组织沿轧制方向呈现明显的晶粒破碎特征,退火态边部组织存在较多的大晶粒和粒状渗碳体团,芯部组织较为均匀细小。退火态板材芯部材料伸长率高于边部而强度低于边部,经180°折弯后芯部钢板无开裂而边部出现裂纹。退火温度均匀性对于SAE1010低碳钢板组织和性能具有重要的影响。     

卷取温度和冷轧压下率对高强度IF钢力学性能的影响

以不同卷取温度(分别为670℃和710℃)工业生产的高强度IF钢热轧板为研究材料,进行了不同冷轧压下率(分别为55%、65%、75%和85%)的实验室冷轧试验,结合连续热镀锌线的工艺特点进行了盐浴退火试验,采用金相和力学性能测试方法,研究了热轧卷取温度和冷轧压下率对高强度IF钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,较低温度卷取时,热轧卷晶粒尺寸较细,冷轧退火态晶粒尺寸相对较粗,rm值相对较低。冷轧退火态仍具有较细小的晶粒,但屈服强度明显降低,这与间隙碳原子在退火过程通过NbC粗化被大量清除有关。卷取温度对试验钢冷轧退火态的强度、断后伸长率和nm值几乎没有影响。随着冷轧压下率从55%增加到75%时,退火后铁素体晶粒尺寸变化不明显,当冷轧压下率进一步增加到85%时,铁素体晶粒尺寸有所减小。冷轧压下率对强度和断后伸长率影响较小,对nm值没有影响,而rm值随着冷轧压下率的提高而提高。     

EB炉熔炼TA1铸坯在热轧过程中的组织演变

通过热轧试验和组织观察,研究了热轧变形温度、单道次压下率等对EB炉铸态板坯在热轧过程中的组织演变和再结晶的影响规律。发现经过热轧前的板坯加热,EB炉铸坯比VAR锻坯的晶粒尺寸大几百倍,粗大的EB炉铸坯晶粒组织不利于热轧过程中发生再结晶。通过提高热轧温度(≥850℃)、减小单道次压下量、降低热轧变形速度,可以促使热轧组织充分再结晶;探讨采用薄坯高温开轧、高温终轧、高温卷取,争取热轧卷获得较大比例的再结晶组织,从而可以省略传统的热轧板退火再结晶工艺。发现当热轧温度为850℃时,存在一个细化再结晶晶粒的临界压下率(43.6%),当热轧压下率低于43.6%时,提高热轧压下率可显著细化热轧卷中再结晶晶粒,超过临界压下率,热轧卷中再结晶晶粒尺寸几乎保持不变。当热轧温度≤810℃,存在一个临界压下率开动再结晶形核过程,随着热轧温度降低,临界压下率逐渐增大。     

钒微合金化冷轧双相钢的组织与性能

实验室模拟研究了热轧卷取温度及退火温度对钒微合金化双相钢组织性能的影响规律,比较了热轧态显微组织和退火后双相钢组织与力学性能的关系,分析了双相钢的强化机理。结果表明:当热轧采用900℃终轧、650℃卷取工艺,连退采用800℃退火、270℃过时效时,获得的综合性能最好。具体为:屈服强度为437 MPa,抗拉强度为815 MPa,伸长率为21.0%,n值为0.1912,退火组织中铁素体平均晶粒为11.5级,马氏体含量约为38%。通过热轧及退火工艺对组织、性能的影响规律探索,优化了生产工艺。     

罩式退火铌微合金化汽车钢的强化机理

 通过比较相同冷轧与罩式退火工艺下Mn-Si系和铌微合金化2种汽车用低合金高强钢的显微组织与力学性能,研究微量铌在冷轧罩式退火低合金高强钢中的强化机理。利用OM、SEM、TEM和拉伸试验机分别对2种钢的显微组织与力学性能进行了表征。对比分析表明：相对热轧板来说,2种钢冷轧退火板的铁素体晶粒和第二相析出物的尺寸都有所长大,导致了强度降低。相对Mn-Si钢而言,铌微合金化钢热轧板和冷轧退火板中的铁素体晶粒和第二相析出物尺寸更细小,细小第二相析出物的数量也更多,在相同的伸长率水平下明显提高了强度。冷轧罩式退火板的强化机理分析表明,铌微合金化低合金高强钢的主要强化方式是细晶强化和NbC的沉淀强化;研究认为添加质量分数为0.025%的铌时细晶强化更强烈。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.