301L/Q235B异种钢电阻点焊显微组织及拉剪性能

对等厚2 mm+2 mm的301L不锈钢冷轧板和Q235B低碳钢热轧板进行电阻点焊试验,通过显微组织分析、显微硬度分析和拉伸剪切试验,研究了点焊接头拉剪性能的影响因素,基于抗剪强度和断裂模式确定了最佳的电阻点焊工艺。结果表明,二者点焊熔核向不锈钢侧偏移,熔核中由于马氏体的产生其显微硬度最高;当界面熔核直径大于6.8 mm时,在拉剪载荷下可发生301L钢侧熔核拔出断裂;在焊接电流11 kA,电极压力11 kN,通电时间350 ms的工艺参数下,可获得拉剪性能最优的点焊接头。     

基于能量耗散的异质材料点焊接头高周疲劳性能评估

基于能量耗散及疲劳累积损伤理论,对SUS301L-Q235B点焊接头的高周疲劳性能进行了研究,并建立了以能量耗散为损伤指标的点焊接头疲劳性能快速评估模型。研究结果表明：随着载荷水平的增加,单位周次内的能量耗散值亦随之增加,且在疲劳极限附近出现转折点,该点正是熔核内部与损伤无关和损伤相关微结构运动的分界点。考虑到与损伤相关的能量耗散存在临界值E_c,以E_c值作为疲劳寿命预测阈值,实现了中值F-N曲线的快速预测。在此基础上,结合统计学理论,对存活率为5%和95%的F-N曲线进行了快速预测。最后,将预测数据与传统试验数据进行对比,结果表明二者的一致性较高,从而证明了所建立模型可实现点焊接头疲劳性能的快速、精确预测。     

SUS301L不锈钢电阻点焊工艺研究

研究了SUS301L不锈钢电阻点焊的工艺。结果表明：选用中等偏硬一些的焊接规范。可以获得较理想的点焊接头，接头的外观、平滑度及熔核尺寸和力学性能满足了相关标准的要求；待焊表面涂抹专用密封胶后．可形成结合线伸入缺陷，但对接头组织和力学性能影响不大。     

基于Ni中间层的钛与不锈钢电阻点焊

以100μm厚的Ni箔为中间层对钛与不锈钢进行了电阻点焊,观察并分析了接头熔核区域的组织特征,研究了焊接参数对Ti/Ni/SUS304接头熔核尺寸和抗剪力的影响。结果表明:在熔核端部外侧界面区Ti侧形成了(α-Ti)和Ti_2Ni相,靠近Ni侧形成了Ti Ni化合物;而在熔核区域的Ti侧、不锈钢侧和熔核内部分别观察到了(α-Ti)+TiFe层、(Fe)+TiFe_2层和TiFe+TiFe_2混合物;焊接接头的抗剪力随焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力的增大呈先增大后降低的变化趋势,所得接头最大抗剪力约为5.62 kN。     

外加磁场对轨道车辆不锈钢点焊组织性能的影响

以轨道车辆用SUS301L不锈钢为研究对象,研究了外加磁场对不锈钢点焊的熔核尺寸、拉伸强度和微观组织的影响。结果表明,在外加磁场的作用下,不锈钢点焊的熔核直径增长效果明显,拉伸强度得到不同程度的提高,且外加磁场强度越大,作用的时间越长,性能提高的效果越明显。在相同焊接参数下磁控电阻点焊比普通点焊拉伸强度最大提高16. 7%,宽高比提高47%,点焊凹坑降低62%,熔核组织明显细化,点焊过程中外加磁场能够有效改善不锈钢电阻点焊接头性能。     

基于Ta过渡层的钛与不锈钢电阻点焊

以Ta作为中间过渡层对纯钛与不锈钢SUS304进行电阻点焊。观察分析接合界面区反应层形貌及分布等微观组织特征,探讨焊接电流对熔核尺寸和接头抗剪力的影响。在接头中的Ta/SUS304界面生成了FeTa和含Fe量不同的Fe-Fe_2Ta共晶组织。在焊接电流为14 kA时,获得的接头抗剪力最大,为7.4 kN。结果表明,在钛与不锈钢的电阻点焊中,使用中间过渡层Ta能够有效提高焊接接头的强度。     

6mm厚SUS301L-DLT不锈钢电阻点焊工艺

在轨道车辆行业中,电阻点焊主要用于焊接板厚小于等于5 mm的不锈钢车体结构。而不锈钢车体结构中底架边梁和补强梁板厚均为6 mm,若能使用电阻点焊来减小焊接变形则具有重要的实际意义。对6 mm厚SUS301L-DLT不锈钢进行双面单点电阻点焊,通过外观检测、平滑度试验、断面试验和拉伸剪切试验,确定电阻点焊工艺。结果表明:在合理的电阻点焊参数条件下,6 mm厚SUS301L-DLT不锈钢电阻点焊焊点熔核直径可达到φ12.2 mm的要求,且拉伸剪切结果符合标准要求。增加电极压力可有效避免缩孔缺陷的出现,且电极压力不宜过大,否则易造成压痕过深、熔核直径过小等不足。     

SUS301L不锈钢电阻点焊工艺研究

研究了SUS301L不锈钢电阻点焊的工艺。结果表明:选用中等偏硬一些的焊接规范,可以获得较理想的点焊接头,接头的外观、平滑度及熔核尺寸和力学性能满足了相关标准的要求;待焊表面涂抹专用密封胶后,可形成结合线伸入缺陷,但对接头组织和力学性能影响不大。     

轨道客车用不锈钢等离子填丝搭接焊接头力学性能研究

针对板厚3mm SUS301L-MT与板厚5mm SUS304不锈钢板材搭接方式,分别采用等离子填丝焊工艺和电阻点焊工艺进行焊接,分析比较等离子填丝焊和电阻点焊两种方法搭接接头的准静态剪切拉伸性能和剪切拉伸疲劳性能。试验结果表明:在确定的焊接工艺参数条件下,等离子填丝焊和电阻点焊接头均符合铁道客车用不锈钢焊接接头的设计要求,且与电阻点焊接头相比,等离子填丝焊接头的剪切拉伸载荷提高约1.3倍,在循环寿命为2×106条件下的疲劳极限提高67.1%。     

非等厚异种钢电阻点焊熔核成形的多元非线性回归模型

利用多元非线性回归正交组合的方法进行试验设计,分析两种厚度不一的异种钢板电阻点焊工艺.试验将表征非等厚异种钢材料电阻点焊熔核形状的熔核直径、熔核偏移,作为考察指标,将焊接脉冲电流、电极压力、焊接时间、热处理脉冲电流4个工艺参数,以及各参数之间的交互作用作为影响指标的因素,得到可预测熔核形状参数的回归数学模型.结果表明,优化的回归数学模型可实现该类非等厚异种钢电阻点焊接头熔核成形的较为有效的预测.在模型的基础上分析各工艺参数及各交互作用对焊点质量的影响规律,可进而对该类材料电阻点焊工艺参数进行优化设计.     

Interface shape and microstructure controlled dissimilar friction stir lap welded steels

Abstract

When fusion welding is conducted on the dissimilar materials between a reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H steel and an austenite stainless steel SUS 316 steel, δ ferrite is generally formed and inevitably deteriorates the weld properties. In this study, dissimilar welding of F82H to SUS 316 steel was successfully achieved by friction stir lap welding technique. It revealed that the shape and microstructure of the joint interface can be controlled by controlling the welding temperature, in another word, by changing the applied load. By controlling the welding temperature at ～710°C, a sound dissimilar joint can be obtained with a smooth joint interface and no mixed microstructure, despite the relative overlapping position of the steel plates. All the dissimilar joints showed high shear tensile strength and fracture in the base metal of F82H steel plate, which has lower strength than the SUS 316 steel plate at room temperature.     

AZ31B/Q235激光诱导电弧填丝焊连接界面分析

利用激光诱导TIG电弧复合热源,通过添加AZ61镁合金焊丝,开展了1.6 mm厚AZ31B镁合金和1.0 mm厚Q235低碳钢板材对接焊研究.分别采用扫描电镜、电子探针、万能拉伸试验机、金相显微镜等仪器进行分析测试.结果表明,采用激光诱导电弧双面填丝焊接工艺,能够获得成形美观、连续的焊缝,焊接接头平均抗拉载荷为3.13 kN.连接界面包括两部分:镁与钢的对接界面为熔化焊接,主要以界面元素扩散为主;远离对接面的接头上下界面为镁合金在钢基体的润湿铺展连接.焊接接头断裂路径表明,连接界面发生的元素扩散是实现镁合金与钢高性能连接的关键.     

Fracture toughness and fatigue crack behaviour of A3003/SUS304 lap friction stir welded joints

Friction stir welding (FSW) can weld dissimilar metal joints without a thick and brittle intermetallic compound layer at the weld interface. In this study, the dissimilar lap joint of A3003 aluminium alloy and SUS304 stainless steel was successfully welded by FSW, and the joint obtained was tested to examine the properties of fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate. Its fracture toughness was different by the directions of crack propagation. The fracture toughness of advancing side (AS) to retreating side (RS) was stronger than that of RS to AS, and that of cryogenic temperature was stronger than that of room temperature. Its fatigue crack growth rate also showed the same tendency as its fracture toughness. These data were compared with the past data and discussed.     

钛与低碳钢的电阻点焊

采用电阻点焊方法对纯钛与低碳钢Q235进行焊接试验，利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了熔核区组织特性，探讨了焊接电流对熔核尺寸和抗剪载荷的影响. 结果表明，受焦耳热的影响熔核直径随焊接电流的增加而增加，抗剪载荷则随焊接电流的增大而呈先升后降的变化趋势，焊接电流为8 kA时所得接头的抗剪载荷最大，约2.85 kN. 在钢侧熔核区观察到了靠近钢侧厚度约为30～50 μm的TiFe2+α-Fe共晶组织层和粗大TiFe柱状晶；钛侧熔核区主要由靠近钛侧约12 μm厚的TiFe+α-Ti共晶组织层和TiFe柱状晶构成，且观察到了宏观分层现象.     

不锈钢SUS 301L激光填丝搭接焊工艺

以接头形式0.6+2mm的不锈钢SUS 301L为对象,研究激光填丝焊激光功率、焊接速度、送丝速度3个主要工艺参数对焊缝成形、接头截面形貌及连接强度的影响规律。结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,焊缝熔深和熔宽增大,余高减小;随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝熔深、熔宽、余高均减小;随着送丝速度的增加,焊缝熔深和熔宽减小,余高增大。接头的最大拉力为14.43 k N,断裂在上层薄板母材中,焊缝强度大于母材。     

Interfacial characterization of resistance spot welded joint of steel and aluminum alloy

The dissimilar material resistance spot welding of galvanized high strength steel and aluminum alloy had been conducted. The welded joint exhibited a thin reaction layer composed of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 phases at steel/aluminum interface. The welded joint presented a tensile shear load of 3.3 kN with an aluminum alloy nugget diameter of 5.7 ram. The interfucial failure mode was observed for the tensile shear specimen and fracture occurred at reaction layer and aluminum alloy fusion zone beside the interface. The reaction layer with compounds was the main reason for reduction of the welded joint mechanical property.     

不锈钢轨道车辆焊接技术应用

不锈钢轨道车辆选用SUS301L系列奥氏体不锈钢材质,采用薄板焊接,对复杂的轨道车辆结构的不同结构使用不同特点的焊接工艺技术。介绍不锈钢车辆材料的特点和性能,以及电阻点焊技术、熔化极气体保护焊焊接技术、钨极氩弧焊焊接技术、螺柱焊焊接技术原理。分析不锈钢车辆的焊接工艺特点、焊接工艺规范、焊接设备特点等,研究在高强奥氏体不锈钢材料的车辆生产中的焊接工艺技术。     

Fatigue behaviour of Al/steel dissimilar resistance spot welds fabricated using Al–Mg interlayer

Aluminium alloy sheets were joined to stainless steel ones by a resistance spot welding method using Al–Mg alloy interlayer. The interlayer exhibits a lower melting point than the Al alloy. Consequently, melted interlayer with a lower temperature filled the gap between the two sheets and resulted in effective joining. Subsequently, tensile shear fatigue tests had been conducted to evaluate fatigue strength and to determine the fatigue fracture mechanism. Resistance spot welding dissimilar welds exhibited higher fatigue strengths than friction stir spot welded dissimilar ones. Fatigue fracture modes were dependent on the load levels, where plug type fracture occurred at high load levels, shear fracture through the nugget at medium load levels and through thickness fatigue crack propagation in the Al sheet at low load levels. The fracture mode transition was attributed to the geometrical rotation around the nugget.