某钢制螺钉断裂失效分析

某液压缸盖紧固用螺钉在进行试验时发生断裂。采用外观检查、断口宏微观观察、金相检验和硬度测试等方法对两枚断裂失效螺钉进行了分析。结果表明,螺钉A失效性质为过载断裂,其断裂原因主要与装配时拧紧力过大从而产生了扭转剪切开裂损伤有关;螺钉B失效性质为疲劳断裂,其断裂原因主要与螺钉B表面存在脱碳层导致疲劳强度大幅降低有关,且在装配时发生倾斜,螺钉一侧存在附加拉应力,对疲劳失效也有一定的促进作用。建议严格控制热处理工艺和装配过程力矩大小,并加强螺钉孔和螺钉的加工精度控制。     

汽车防倾杆断裂失效原因分析

利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对汽车防倾杆断裂件进行了检测,结合防倾杆的制造工艺分析了断裂原因,并提出了针对性的预防措施。试验结果表明:失效防倾杆是脆性断裂,断裂是由于该件在装配前存在原始裂纹。断裂件金相组织以回火屈氏体为主,其横截面呈阶梯状,其中裂纹起源区域存在氧化脱碳现象。断裂件在成形过程中产生的微裂纹是失效的主要原因,微裂纹在淬火过程中发生扩展。     

双耳托板螺钉断裂原因分析及改进措施

双耳托板螺钉装配过程中在托板与杆部结合处发生断裂。对断裂螺钉进行断口形貌分析,确定断裂性质为过载断裂;对同批次螺钉进行了金相、硬度、拉力试验、楔负载试验以及模拟安装试验,结果表明,螺钉断裂原因主要与断裂位置流线密集有关,同时热处理制度不匹配和流线被切断对断裂有促进作用。针对螺钉断裂有关原因提出了改进冷镦工艺、调整热处理制度和优化头(托板)杆加工工艺等改进措施,并对改进效果进行了验证,结果表明改进有效,新工艺加工的螺钉装配过程未再发生相同断裂现象。     

螺钉断裂原因分析

固定音箱喇叭的螺钉在运输过程中断裂.采用扫描电子显微镜、金相显微镜、ICP及硬度试验机等手段对失效螺钉及未失效螺钉进行检测和分析比较,结果表明该批螺钉为氢致断裂.由于螺钉的热处理工艺不当,渗碳层过深,使氢过多地滞留在螺钉内部,在随后的回火中难以扩散,是引起氢脆的主要原因,螺钉镀锌后未进行除氢处理,是导致氢致断裂的另一个原因.     

半挂车车轴轴头断裂原因分析

对断口、成分和显微组织进行了检测,分析半挂车车轴轴头在装配、校准中出现的断裂现象.结果表明,车轴轴头原材料中存在疏松、缩孔残余等内部冶金缺陷和锻造热加工中的过热和过烧产生不良的魏氏组织.这些因素的综合作用致使钢的韧性降低.在锻造中发生内部劈裂,最终造成轴头在受外力时脆性断裂.     

燃气机涡轮连接螺栓断裂原因分析

某燃气轮机涡轮系统用连接螺栓,试车分解检查时发现多件断裂。采用断口宏微观观察,金相组织分析,能谱分析,故障模拟验证试验等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了综合分析。结果表明:失效螺栓属于沿晶脆性断裂;螺栓装配过程中使用的高温丝扣脂中的低熔点元素Pb,在一定的拉应力、温度作用下,引起晶界腐蚀损伤是导致螺栓断裂的主要原因。该研究结果对此类螺栓的使用和故障预防可提供借鉴。     

励磁机紧固螺钉断裂失效分析

对某电厂励磁机用内六角平端紧固螺钉断裂件的化学成分、金相组织、硬度和断口特征进行分析.结果表明,螺钉断裂件硬度偏高(419 HB),断口为沿晶脆性断裂特征.主要原因与热处理回火温度、表面加工缺陷以及材料化学成分有关.     

输电铁塔用6.8级螺栓断裂失效分析

输电铁塔用6.8级螺栓,在使用过程中发生断裂,通过断裂螺栓的断13形貌、化学成分、显微组织及硬度的分析测试,进行了螺栓的断裂失效分析.研究结果表明,螺栓断裂形式为穿晶脆性断裂;原材料化学成分及组织正常,显微硬度基本符合国标要求;螺栓头部硬度严重超标,组织变形剧烈,是螺栓发牛脆性断裂的主要原因.在冷镦成型后进行去应力退火工艺并严格控制冷镦工艺,适时检验螺栓头部硬度及组织状况使其满足标准要求,可避免螺栓在使用过程中的脆性断裂.     

扭簧断裂分析

扭簧装配后36h内发生断裂,对扭簧断裂的宏观与微观形貌特征进行了观察与分析,并对断裂扭簧的氢含量、金相组织以及化学成分进行了分析,对扭簧进行了对比模拟试验.结果表明,扭簧断裂性质为氢致脆性断裂,扭簧中较高的氢含量是造成使用中发生断裂的主要原因.     

聚丙烯挤出机螺钉断裂原因分析

某公司的聚丙烯25线挤出机出现挤出颗粒异常,原因为模板上固定螺钉发生多处断裂,为了探明螺钉出现断裂的过程,通过宏观检查、金相分析、化学成分分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析及硬度测试的分析方法,对发生断裂的螺钉进行了分析,探讨了断裂失效的原因。螺钉开裂为氢脆导致的延迟裂纹,由于电镀过程中氢原子渗入螺钉内部,同时电镀后未及时对螺钉热处理除氢,导致了螺钉的氢脆。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。