Analysis on the Calculation of Plasma Medium with Parallel SO‐FDTD Method

This paper introduces a novel parallel shift operator finite‐difference time‐domain (SO‐FDTD) method for plasma in the dispersive media. We calculate the interaction between the electromagnetic wave of various frequencies and non‐magnetized plasma by using the parallel SO‐FDTD method. Then, we compare the results, which are calculated with serial and parallel SO‐FDTD executions to obtain the speedup ratio and validate the parallel execution. We conclude that the parallel SO method has almost the same precision as the serial SO method, while the parallel approach expands the scope of memory and reduces the CPU time.     

高效率FDTD 网络并行计算研究

目前,时域有限差分方法（Finite Difference Time Domain,FDTD）在电磁数值计算中已获得了广泛应用。对许多复杂电磁问题,FDTD 算法需要耗费巨大的计算机计算时间和存储空间,这成为FDTD 方法亟待解决的难题。本文提出了应用基于消息传递(Message Passing)方式实现FDTD 的并行算法。并对基于MPI 不同通信方式的并行FDTD 进行了效 率比较。采用MPI2.0 单边通信方式中的put 操作和主动对象同步(PSCW)方式,在一套16 个节点的Beowulf 型网络并行计算机系统上,实现了三维FDTD 并行程序,获得了较高的加速比和并行效率。     

三维电磁散射的网络并行FDTD计算和加速比分析

应用计算机局域网,采用基于消息传递PVM平台和区域分解技术,实现了三维电磁散射的并行FDTD计算.给出了在FDTD两个相邻子区域交界面上所需要传递数据量的估算和分析.在一个实际的计算机局域网环境下,测试了网络并行FDTD计算三维机翼目标散射时的并行加速比和并行效率.实际上,并行加速比和效率不仅与局域网的硬件性能有关,而且与子区域的划分和PVM通信原语的使用等软件设计有关.最后,讨论并行计算中的附加通信量、网络通信性能和负载平衡对FDTD并行计算的影响.     

Techniques for implementation of the FDTD method on a CM-5 parallelcomputer

In this paper, techniques for efficiently parallelizing the FDTD method for radiation problems are presented. Methods of parallelizing the core FDTD algorithm, PML ABC, Mur's ABCs, and the near-zone-to-far-zone transformation are discussed. A technique which makes the parallel FDTD more efficient can be applied to Berenger's PML in a straightforward manner, and apparently makes the code for PML ABC faster. Performance of the code is shown, and the computer-time usage for various parts of the code is given. On a 32 processor CM-5, the core FDTD algorithm is 100 times faster than an existing serial code, run on a SUN SPARC-2 workstation, and the calculation of the radiation patterns for two orthogonal planes is approximately 27 times faster. The techniques can easily be extended to other cases, not included in this paper, such as FDTD codes for magnetic materials, and non-uniform-mesh FDTD codes     

FDTD并行算法实现及其数据通信优化

应用计算机局域网,采用基于消息传递（MPI）方式和区域分割技术,实现了FDTD的并行计算。以无限长线电流源在自由空间辐射为算例,对并行FDTD算法进行了验证。结果表明并行算法和串行算法计算结果一致,并有效提高了计算效率。最后通过减少通信数据量、优化数据交换方式及通信和计算重叠的方法,使并行算法的数据通信得到优化,并行计算效率明显提高。     

Application of Haar-wavelet-based multiresolution time-domainschemes to electromagnetic scattering problems

The multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) algorithm is applied to the problem of general two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering. A Haar wavelet expansion is utilized. A parallel between Haar MRTD and the classic Yee finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is discussed, and results of simulations on canonical targets are shown for comparison. We focus on the incident-field implementation, which, in our case, consists of a pulsed plane wave. Also, we consider scattering in a half-space environment, with application to subsurface sensing. The results illustrate the advantage of the Haar MRTD method as compared with the classic FDTD, which consists of reduced memory and execution time requirements, without sacrificing accuracy     

网络并行FDTD方法分析电大目标电磁散射

本文应用基于消息传递(Message Passing)模式的网络并行计算系统来实现并行FDTD方法.通过区域分割技术将FDTD计算区域分割成多个子域进行分别计算,各个子区域在边界处与其相邻的子区域进行切向场值的数据交换以使整个迭代进行下去,从而实现FDTD并行计算.我们采用PVM并行平台来实现并行FDTD算法.计算结果表明了本方法的正确性和有效性.     

用MPI实现FDTD网络并行电磁散射运算

提出了在由微机互连构成的机群(COW)并行计算系统上应用基于消息传递(M essage Passing)的方式实现二维FDTD并行算法。通过区域分割,各个子区域在边界处与其相邻的子区域进行场值的数据传递,从而实现FDTD并行计算。文中还仔细分析了与FDTD相关的外围边界的并行化处理。文中以二维金属方柱算例验证了算法的正确性和有效性,并将本文实现的加速比以及并行效率与其它文献进行了比较,从而为运用FDTD方法进行电大尺寸复杂电磁问题数值模拟计算提供了一条有效途径。     

FDTD算法的网络并行运算实现

本文提出了FDTD方法在微机互连构成的机群(COW)并行计算系统上以消息传递方式执行的一种实现方案.组成了验证性的机群并行计算系统,以一维和三维典型算例验证了算法的可行性、正确性和高效性,为运用FDTD方法进行电大尺寸复杂电磁问题数值模拟计算提供了一条有效的途径,也为深入进行这方面研究奠定了基础.     

FDTD Analysis of Electromagnetic Reflection by Conductive Plane Covered with Magnetized Inhomogeneous Plasmas

A novel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methodology which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time is developed for electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas in this paper. The numerical verification of the method are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission of right-handed/left-handed circularly polarized (RCP/LCP) wave through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. And, the right-handed / left-handed polarized wave reflection coefficients for electromagnetic signals normally incident upon a conductive plane covered with a layer of magnetized plasma are computed using the new FDTD method. The parabolic electron-number density profile varies only in the direction perpendicular to the plane. The function dependence of reflection coefficients on the number density, collision frequency and external magnetic field is studied.     

基于OpenMP的电磁场FDTD多核并行程序设计

探讨了基于OpenMP的电磁场FDTD多核并行程序设计的方法,以期实现该方法在更复杂的算法中应用具有更理想的性能提升。针对一个一维电磁场FDTD算法问题,对其计算方法与过程做了简单描述。在Fortran语言环境中,采用OpenMP＋~粒度并行的方式实现了并行化,即只对循环部分进行并行计算,并将该并行方法在一个三维瞬态场电偶极子辐射FDTD程序中进行了验证。该并行算法取得了较其他并行FDTD算法更快的加速比和更高的效率。结果表明基于OpenMP的电磁场FDTD并行算法具有非常好的加速比和效率。     

Application of the biorthogonal multiresolution time-domain method to the analysis of elastic-wave interactions with buried targets

The biorthogonal multiresolution time-domain (Bi-MRTD) method is introduced for the analysis of elastic-wave interaction with buried targets. We provide a detailed discussion on implementation of the perfectly matched layer and on treatment of the interface between two different materials. The algorithm has also been parallelized by the use of the message-passing interface. The numerical results show that numerical dispersion can be significantly improved by using biorthogonal wavelets as bases, as compared to the conventional pulse expansion employed in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We demonstrate that with comparison to the second-order FDTD, the Bi-MRTD yields significant CPU time and memory savings for large problems, for a fixed level of accuracy.     

Digital filtering technique for the FDTD implementation of the anisotropic perfectly matched layer

A new algorithm is presented for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) implementation of the anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML) using the digital signal processing. The algorithm is based on modeling the anisotropic PML region as a set of infinite-impulse response (IIR) digital filters. The advantage of the proposed method is that it allows direct FDTD implementation of Maxwell's equations in the PML region. In addition, the formulations are implemented using D and B fields rather than E and H, and this allows the PML to be independent from the material properties of the FDTD computational domains. Numerical tests have been carried out in two dimensions to validate the formulations.     

Piecewise linear current density recursive convolution FDTD implementation for anisotropic magnetized plasmas

The piecewise linear current density recursive convolution (PLCDRC) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for isotropic dispersive media greatly improves accuracy over recursive convolution (RC) and current density recursive convolution (CDRC) FDTD approaches but retains its speed and efficiency advantages. This letter extends this approach to anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time, enabling the transient solutions of electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas. The high efficiency and accuracy of the method are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. A comparison to frequency-domain analytic results and CDRC FDTD results is included.     

并行FDTD-UTD方法分析机载相控阵天线

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)-UTD(一致性几何绕射理论)混和算法分析机载相控阵天线的辐射方向图.将复矢量场作为FDTD方法和UTD方法的接口,提出FDTD-UTD混和算法解决机载相控阵天线辐射问题.首先利用并行FDTD方法通过全波分析得到精确的相控阵的辐射复矢量场,然后将此结果作为源代入UTD算法来预测相控阵受机体的影响.结果表明该方法可以有效地解决机裁相控阵辐射分析问题.     

并行FDTD方法在海面及其上方漂浮目标复合电磁散射中的应用

利用基于图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit, GPU)的并行时域有限差分(Finite Difference Time Domain, FDTD)法计算一维粗糙海面及其上方二维漂浮目标的复合电磁散射.采用各向异性完全匹配层(Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer, UPML)吸收边界作为截断边界, 为了便于并行程序的设计, 在整个计算区域使用UPML吸收边界差分公式进行迭代.利用异步通信技术来隐藏主机和设备之间的通信时间, 同时使用片上的共享存储器提高读取速度, 进一步对程序进行优化, 得到很好的加速比, 证明了该方法的计算高效性.通过与串行FDTD法以及串行矩量法获得的数值结果进行比较, 验证了该并行方法的正确性, 进而研究了海面上方类似舰船漂浮目标的电磁散射特性, 讨论了入射角、海面风速以及目标吃水深度对双站散射系数的影响.     

Time domain analysis of transient propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma using Z-transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain（FDTD） method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.     

Implementing distributed FDTD codes with Java mobile agents

The main objective of this work is to highlight the advantages of coupling Java FDTD implementation with the mobile-agent computing paradigm, and to promote this approach as a flexible and valuable tool for the distributed solution of complex and large-scale problems. Therefore, we present key issues related to the distributed implementation of a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code using Java mobile agents. The Java object-oriented FDTD code is described, and special agent communication and synchronization aspects related to FDTD are presented in detail.     

基于贝叶斯网络的串行译码方法

多维并行级联码的译码普遍采用并行译码方法。给出了一种新颖的译码方法－串行译码方法。串行译码方法不仅计算简单,而且所达到的性能与并行译码方法相近。采用人工智能中的贝叶斯网络概率传播算法对串行译码方法的合理性给出了证明。     

ECC并行算法研究及其IP核设计

在研究256 byte数据块ECC校验原理和简要分析软件串行实现方法的基础上,推导出高速并行ECC码生成算法,可适用数据块大小任意的ECC编码,并在Quartus9.0平台下仿真验证,结果表明该IP核编码电路具有很高的实时性.与以往ECC校验实现相比,该方法扩展性强、速度高,能满足电视服务器的需要,是一种正确适用的并行实现方法.