高频振荡通气治疗重症新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床疗效探讨

目的：探讨高频振荡通气（ HFOV）与常频机械通气（ CMV）治疗重症新生儿胎粪吸入综合征（ MAS）的临床疗效。方法将60例重症MAS患儿随机分为CMV组与HFOV组各30例,动态监测两组患儿48 h 内的pH 值、氧气分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、吸入氧浓度（FiO2）、氧合指数（OI）等变化情况,比较两组患儿的并发症及临床转归。结果两组患儿上机前（0 h）的pH 值、PaO2、PaCO2、FiO2、OI 差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）,上机后在2、12、24、48 h 时间点上,差异均有统计学意义（P 均＜0.05）;两组患儿在平均上机时间比较差异有统计学意义（t ＝3.197,P ＝0.002）;两组患儿上机后的并发症比较差异有统计意义（χ2＝4.043,P ＝0.044）;两组患儿的治愈率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4.320,P ＝0.038）。结论 HFOV 治疗重症MAS 安全、有效。     

早期高频震荡通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床研究

目的探讨早期高频震荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的通气效果及临床疗效。方法将46例RDS患儿随机分成两组各23例,分别采用HFOV治疗和常频机械通气(CMV)治疗,比较两组患儿的肺功能变化、临床疗效及并发症。结果 HFOV治疗组患儿在治疗2 h时动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)及动脉二氧化碳(PaCO_2)出现改变,经治疗6h后,氧浓度(FiO_2)、氧合指数(OI)显著下降,动脉/肺泡氧分压(a/APO_2)明显上升,与治疗前对比差异有统计学意义(P0.01),CMV组在治疗6h后PaO_2、PaCO_2和OI等指标,与开始治疗时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HFOV组与CMV组治疗至同一时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。HFOV组支气管肺发育不良(BPD)、肺气漏并发症低于CMV组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),颅内出血(IVH)发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。存活患儿的氧疗时间、住院时间HFOV组比CMV组为短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HFOV组能更快、更好地改善RDS患儿的肺氧合功能,通气效果、病程及并发症发生率等明显优于CMV组,早期应用于RDS治疗具有很好的疗效。     

高频震荡通气治疗重症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨高频震荡通气(HFOV)治疗重症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症(NRDS)的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析符合NRDS纳入标准的患儿52例,根据首选通气方式分为高频震荡通气组和常频通气(CMV)组,比较两组患儿的机械通气时间、氧疗时间、住院时间、氧合指数(OI)以及肺气漏(PAL)、Ⅲ-Ⅳ级颅内出血(IVH)、持续肺动脉高压(PPHN)、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)等并发症。结果 HFOV组机械通气时间、氧疗时间、住院时间明显短于CMV组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),HFOV组治疗后6、12、24小时OI值明显低于CMV组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组PAL、IVH、PPHN、VAP、BPD等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与CMV相比,首选HFOV治疗NRDS能更迅速改善患儿氧合功能,缩短机械通气时间和病程。     

重症RDS患儿用HFOV治疗的临床效果分析

目的探讨高频机械通气(HFOV)治疗重症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的临床效果。方法选取66例重症RDS患儿采用随机数字表法分为HFOV组和常频机械通气(CMV组)各33例,对比两种方法的治疗效果及血气指标变化。结果治疗0h时,HFOV组和CMV组的FiO_2、PaO_2、PaCO_2测定值差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗2h、4h、8h、12h时,HFOV组的FiO_2、PaCO_2水平均低于CMV组(P0.05),PaO_2水平高于CMV组(P0.05);治疗0h时,HFOV组和CMV组的MAP、p H、OI指数差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12h、24h时,HFOV组的MAP、OI水平均低于CMV组(P0.05),pH水平高于CMV组(P0.05);HFOV组机械通气时间、住院时间均低于CMV组(P0.05)。结论 HFOV治疗重症RDS患儿较CMV能够更加及时改善患儿的通气及血气水平,有利于患儿的救治。     

肺表面活性物质对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质(PS)对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床疗效.方法 将39例NRDS患儿分两组,治疗组19例给予PS联合机械通气治疗,对照组20例单纯机械通气治疗,其余治疗两组相同.观察应用PS前后血气分析、呼吸机参数变化及比较两组患儿机械通气时间、并发症、住院时间、病死率.结果 应用PS后动脉氧分压(PaO2)升高(P＜0.01),二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、吸气峰压(PIP)、平均气道压(PEEP)及吸入氧浓度(FiO2)下降(P＜0.01);两组机械通气时间、住院天数、并发症等差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),病死率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PS对NRDS有明显疗效,与单纯机械通气比较,能改善患儿的氧合,减少机械通气时间、并发症和住院天数.     

高频震荡通气治疗先天性心脏病术后重症ARDS32例效果观察

目的探讨高频震荡通气(HFOV)对小儿心脏手术后重症ARDS的治疗效果。方法对32例心脏手术后常频通气(CMV)治疗无效的重症ARDS患儿行HFOV治疗,设置相应的参数并行氧合、通气管理,每次吸痰后行肺复张。观察治疗前后血气指标变化、HFOV治疗时间、肺复张期间循环指标变化、整体治疗期间并发症发生情况及患儿存活情况。结果 HFOV治疗后通气及气体交换在较短的时间内改善,12～48 h血气相关指标PaO2、PaCO2、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)均明显改善且稳定。HFOV治疗时间43～238(128.5±67.49)h,肺复张期间循环指标未出现异常变化,末梢血氧饱和度快速恢复至吸痰前水平,呼吸机的吸氧浓度快速降低。整体治疗期间出现气胸9例,均安置胸腔闭式引流。本组患儿存活21例(65.6%),死亡11例。结论 HFOV对CMV治疗无效的重症ARDS能在较短时间内改善通气及气体交换,可作为小儿心脏术后重症ARDS的重要抢救措施。     

高频振荡通气在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用价值

目的观察高频振荡通气(HFOV)在新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的应用价值,以及对血气的影响。方法112例NRDS患儿72例应用HFOV治疗为治疗组,40例给予面罩或鼻塞持续气道正压通气(CPAP)吸氧为对照组。观察治疗前及治疗后24h血气分析。结果两组患儿治疗前血气分析比较差异无统计学意义,12h后,治疗组患儿PaO2、pH较对照组上升明显,PaCO2、氧合指数下降明显。结论HFOV治疗NRDS,氧合指数改善快,优于常规治疗。     

高频振荡通气治疗小儿麻疹肺炎合并重度ARDS观察

目的探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)对小儿麻疹肺炎合并重度ARDS的治疗效果。方法对30例小儿麻疹肺炎合并重度ARDS常频通气(CMV)治疗失败后行HFOV治疗,设置相应的参数。观察治疗前及治疗后12h、24h、48h通气-氧合指标变化、循环指标的变化及患儿存活情况。结果 HFOV治疗后12h、24h、48h通气-氧合指标均有改善,Pa CO2降低,Pa O2/Fi O2值升高,OI值降低,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HFOV治疗12h、24h、48h心率较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HFOV治疗前后各时间段MAP比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。本组患儿存活20例,死亡10例(33.3%)。结论HFOV对CMV治疗无效的重度ARDS能在较短时间内有效改善通气及气体交换,对血流动力学无不良影响,可作为小儿麻疹肺炎合并重度ARDS的重要抢救措施。     

体位对急性呼吸衰竭患儿机械通气效果的影响

目的探讨俯卧位机械通气对小儿急性呼吸衰竭的影响。方法 50例急性呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为2组,分别予以仰卧位和俯卧位机械通气治疗,记录仰卧位及俯卧位2、4h的动脉血气分析、呼吸频率（RR）、吸入氧浓度（FiO2）、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）、潮气量（VT）的变化。4h后,仰卧位组的患儿也改为俯卧位机械通气,并在2h和4h记录上述指标。结果机械通气后,2组患者FiO2、动脉血pH值无明显变化（P均〉0.05）,RR、VT、PaO2、PaO2/FiO2、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）得到不同程度改善（P〈0.05）,俯卧位机械组改善明显（P〈0.05）。仰卧位组患儿改为俯卧位机械通气后,PaO2/FiO2增加明显（P〈0.05）。结论俯卧位机械通气能显著改善PaO2/FiO2,是小儿急性呼吸衰竭早期支持治疗有效手段。     

肺表面活性物质联合高频震荡通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效

目的：研究肺表面活性物质联合高频震荡通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月至2016年3月在我院进行诊治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患者82例,分为常频机械通气组(n =41)和高频震荡通气组(n =41)。常频机械通气组采用肺表面活性物质联合常频机械通气治疗,高频震荡通气组采用肺表面活性物质联合高频震荡通气治疗。比较2组患儿治疗前、后的临床症状、血气分析、治愈率、上机时间、住院时间和并发症发生情况。结果治疗前,2组PaCO 2、PaO 2、吸入氧浓度和氧合指数差异无统计学意义(P 值均>0.05),治疗后1、6、12、24 h高频震荡通气组 PaO 2明显高于常频机械通气组(P 值均<0.05),PaCO 2、吸入氧浓度和氧合指数明显低于常频机械通气组(P 值均<0.05);高频震荡通气组住院时间、上机时间和死亡率均明显低于常频机械通气组(P 值均<0.05);2组患儿最主要的并发症为新生儿硬肿症和肺炎,2组的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P 值均>0.05)。结论肺表面活性物质联合高频震荡通气能明显改善新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿的血气分析和氧合指数,缩短机械通气治疗时间及住院时间,值得应用推广。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.