纳米CuAl2O4/CuO的制备及其模拟太阳光催化产氢

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米结构的CuAl2O4/CuO,用草酸作牺牲剂,在150W的氙灯照射下,考查了不同焙烧温度、催化剂用量对光催化活性的影响。并用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA对样品分别进行了分析与表征,表明CuAl2O4为尖晶石型结构,平均粒径10nm左右。在相同条件下分别考察了固相法、共沉淀法与柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法对催化剂活性的影响,实验结果表明溶胶-凝胶法产氢活性最好,产氢速率为41mL/h;共沉淀法次之,为34mL/h;固相法最差,为25mL/h。     

溶胶一凝胶法制备钒酸铋及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备钒酸铋颗粒光催化剂,研究银掺杂、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对BiVO4晶型组成和催化活性的影响,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜进行表征,研究了BiVO4粉体在焙烧过程中的相转变,确定了煅烧温度、煅烧时间及掺杂比例;以甲基橙（MO）的可见光催化降解反应为探针,研究了催化剂的可见光催化性能,研究发现,当煅烧时间为4h,煅烧温度为500℃时,BiV04对甲基橙光催化效率可达约20％。银掺杂的BiVO4对基橙光催化效率可达约40％。     

Co2-W型六角晶系铁氧体的制备和表征

以金属硝酸盐为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,乙二醇为分散剂,用柠檬酸溶胶_凝胶法制备了Co2-W型六角晶系铁氧体.采用TG-DTA、XRD、SEM研究了样品物相组成、显微结构和晶化过程.结果表明,煅烧温度低于1200℃时,产物为M晶型的铁氧体;煅烧温度为1250～1300℃时,生成单一的W型铁氧体;温度1350℃时,产物中生成了少量M晶型铁氧体.随着保温时间的延长,W晶型逐渐纯化,保温时问超过5h时,产物中生成了少量M晶型铁氧体.当铁含量为15.1,450℃预处理3h后,在1250～1300℃下煅烧3h,可得到完整的Co2-W型铁氧体.     

低温煅烧溶胶-凝胶法制备BaTiO3基纳米粉体

实验着重研究了凝胶煅烧工艺制度对通过柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂的BaTiO3基粉体,制备纳米粉体的影响.最终确定了600℃为最佳煅烧温度,在此低温下煅烧干凝胶,并保温1h,再经二次掺杂混磨得到了晶粒细小、分散性好、低团聚的BaTiO3基纳米粉体.     

负载型纳米TiO_2的制备及其对亚硝酸盐的光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3+、Gd3+共掺杂纳米TiO2,并以空心玻璃微珠(HGM)为载体制备了负载型催化剂(Fe3+/Gd3+/TiO2-HGM)。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外漫反射(DRS)对其进行了表征。考察了溶胶煅烧温度、煅烧时间对空心微珠负载效果的影响,并对负载次数、催化剂用量对亚硝酸盐的光催化活性的影响进行了测定。结果表明,与自制Fe3+/Gd3+/TiO2相比,负载型催化剂可显著提高催化剂的光催化活性;当以500℃下煅烧2h,负载两次,催化剂投入量为2.0g/L时,亚硝酸盐可得到最大降解,其降解率约为93.81%。     

磁载光催化剂TiO2/SiO2/γ-Fe2O3的制备及其催化氧化性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁基体(Fe3O4)．煅烧使其转化为γ-Fe2O3。溶胶-凝胶法成功得到易于固液分离回收的磁载TiO2光催化荆TiO2／SiO2／γ-Fe2O3。用TEM和XRD进行形貌和物相表征。研究了催化剂对可溶性染料Orange-Ⅱ的降解性能。并探讨了煅烧温度、时间对活性的影响。结果表明：最佳煅烧温度为450℃。最佳煅烧时间为30min。这种情况下得到的磁载TiO2光催化剂TiO2／SiO2／γ-Fe2O3。在3次循环使用后降解率仍保持在95％以上。     

尖晶石型LiMn2O4的凝胶燃烧法制备

以硝酸锂、硝酸锰和柠檬酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备成前驱体,将该前驱体在空气环境下燃烧得到的粉料在600～900℃焙烧一定时间得到尖晶石型晶体结构的LiMn2O4(空间群为Fd3m)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重-差热分析(TG/DTA)对前驱体及合成的样品进行了测试分析和表征。研究了焙烧温度、时间以及锂锰摩尔比(n(Li)/n(Mn))R等对合成样品的相组成、晶体结构和微观形貌等的影响。合成高纯尖晶石型LiMn2O4的优化条件为焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间10h,R=1.1/2。     

制备条件对溶胶-凝胶法合成氧化锰八面体分子筛的影响

以高锰酸钾和马来酸为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了氧化锰八面体分子筛,详细考察了制备参数如焙烧条件、陈化条件、水热处理对合成材料的晶型和比表面积的影响,焙烧温度影响制备材料的晶型,焙烧时间对比表面积有较大影响,而适当的水热处理则可以增加材料的比表面积.较为合适的制备条件为70℃水热处理,在450℃焙烧2h,得到的样品具有较好的晶型和较大的表面积.     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米铜

以硝酸铜、柠檬酸和氨水为原料,利用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备含铜凝胶,在氮气气氛下将干凝胶煅烧得到纳米铜粉,探讨成胶反应温度、原料配比、pH等因素对制备过程的影响,确定最低煅烧温度;采用热重-差热分析和红外光谱分析对柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米铜粉的过程进行分析,利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对实验产物进行结构、形貌表征。结果表明,将柠檬酸与硝酸铜的物质的量比控制为1∶2时溶解混合,调节pH为7,在80℃下制成凝胶,在100℃下干燥后,250℃下煅烧0.5 h,可制得粒径为70⁹0 nm的球型铜粉;推断干凝胶的结构主要为柠檬酸根与铜离子以双齿配位,以及部分为桥式配位。     

Mn-Ce臭氧催化氧化催化剂的制备及其对煤化工废水的处理

以活性氧化铝小球为载体,Mn/Ce双金属为活性组分,通过共沉淀法制备得到活性氧化铝基催化剂,并对催化剂微观形貌进行表征。对比了不同负载量、不同金属配比、不同焙烧温度、不同焙烧时间下催化剂的活性。当催化剂负载为4%(Mn)∶1%(Ce),焙烧温度为400℃,焙烧时间为3h时,催化剂对煤化工废水臭氧催化氧化效果最好。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.