叶顶间隙对跨音速离心压气机气动性能影响分析

基于控制变量法对某跨音速离心压气机进行数值模拟,研究了叶轮尾缘叶间隙改变对其气动性能的影响。仅改变该离心叶轮的尾缘叶顶间隙,在设计转速下进行全三维黏性数值模拟,对相关气动参数进行分析。计算结果表明,相较于小流量工况,尾缘叶顶间隙的改变对离心压气机大流量工况的气动性能影响更大;在设计流量下,离心叶轮的压比、效率与叶轮尾缘出口间隙大小之间具有一定的线性关系,随着叶尖间隙增大,叶轮叶尖泄漏流的强度明显增强,导致叶轮的增压能力下降。     

几何参数变化对离心压气机性能影响的仿真研究

采用离心压气机性能仿真数学模型研究某些几何参数，如叶片顶部间隙，叶轮叶片出口角变化对压气机性能产生的影响，是当今设计高压比、宽工作范围、高效离心压气机的关键步骤。为此，首先建立了离心压气机性能仿真数学模型。为了验证数学模型的有效性，对Krain叶轮性能进行了计算。随后，对不同叶片顶部间隙，不同出口叶片角的压气机性能进行仿真研究。研究结果表明，随顶部间隙的增大，压气机效率及压比下降；后弯叶轮性能优于径向叶轮。     

离心压气机叶轮边缘断裂有限元分析

针对涡轮增压器离心压气机叶轮轮盘边缘断裂故障,建立压气机三维模型,进行有限元强度分析和有限元模态分析,得到压气机叶轮的应力分布、固有频率和模态,并绘制了叶轮振动的Campbell图。有限元计算结果分析表明:材料强度不是造成叶轮轮盘边缘断裂的原因,叶轮在61 550r/min转速附近工作会和叶片旋转产生的气动激振力发生共振,导致叶轮轮盘边缘断裂。对叶轮几何参数进行了优化,优化后叶轮轮盘边缘断裂故障得到了解决。     

海洋温差能向心透平的气动设计及性能研究

通过对7.5 kW海洋温差能向心透平的蜗壳、喷嘴和叶轮进行气动设计,模拟研究了透平在设计工况及非设计工况下的气动性能。采用经验参数及遗传算法优化方法对透平的一维参数进行设计,得到一维设计结果,并据此对蜗壳、喷嘴和叶轮进行三维设计,得到透平的气动结构造型。利用CFD技术模拟研究了透平的三维流场及性能,得到透平在设计工况及非设计工况下的性能,模拟结果表明:在设计工况下,透平效率为86.5%;在非设计工况下,透平效率随着叶轮转速的增加而增大,但增加至设计转速后,透平效率增加幅度较小;随着进口温度的升高,透平效率逐渐增大;当进口压力为设计工况压力时,透平效率存在最大值;非设计工况下的透平功率基本与叶轮转速、进口压力和进口温度均呈正相关;设计工况下的最佳喷嘴-叶轮相对径向间隙为0.05,可变喷嘴叶片安装角为35～40°。     

叶片根部倒角对离心叶轮气动性能影响

叶轮是决定离心压气机气动性能的关键因素之一,在保持叶轮设计参数不变的条件下,调整叶根倒角的分布,对比分析叶根倒角对压气机性能的影响.利用Numeca软件对跨声速离心压气机进行全三维稳态流动数值模拟方案分为等半径倒角与变半径倒角两种.结果表明:主叶片后半弦长的倒角是决定压气机气动性能的关键性因素,尾缘倒角比前缘更敏感;根...     

叶片后弯角对车用离心压气机性能的影响

对比分析了6种不同转速下压气机性能的试验与仿真结果.在验证了ANSYS CFX软件用于压气机性能模拟分析中的可靠性后,采用数值模拟方法对3种不同叶片后弯角的叶轮进行了性能计算,得到了相关转速下的压气机特性曲线.仿真结果表明:在不改变压气机出口静压时,在一定的叶片出口角范围内,叶片后弯角的增加使两条特性曲线均向小流量方向偏移,但近喘振点边界得到了拓展,使得压气机的流量范围变得更宽;在小流量区域内,叶片后弯角的增大能够改善压气机内部流动状况,提高叶轮工作效率;而在大流量区域内,较大的叶片后弯角会使叶轮的流通特性降低,叶轮的工作效率反而会降低;适当增加叶片后弯角可以增大压气机工作范围,使压气机效率和流道内的流动均得到提高和改善.     

基于流场偏差分析的离心压气机优化设计

为了提高车用内燃机变转速、变负荷面工况性能,提出了离心压气机优化设计方法,即通过考虑压气机设计工况与非设计工况流场的关联效应,抑制不同工况流场之间的差异,优化离心压气机结构.利用该方法对某柴油机离心压气机进行了优化设计,其设计工况与非设计工况之间的流场偏差集中在大叶片进口叶尖部分,据此提出了压气机前缘前掠的流场控制措施.仿真分析表明:改型离心压气机流场偏差得到了明显抑制,其设计工况性能变化较小,非设计工况压比提高了4.46%,,效率提高了1.56%,.     

基于Krain离心压气机叶轮的叶型优化

本文以设计压比为4.7的Krain离心叶轮为研究对象,以设计工况下多变效率为优化目标,对压气机叶型进行优化。采用CFX软件对其进行数值模拟,通过对内部流场分析发现叶轮入口存在较强的激波;基于ANSYS Design Exploration平台,采用Bezier曲线对该离心叶轮的叶片中弧线进行参数化,通过改变Bezier曲线控制点得出一系列设计叶型;对设计叶型进行数值模拟,筛选得出最优结果。优化后,设计工况下,叶轮多变效率提高0.84%,叶轮入口激波强度有所降低;同时也证明了使用ANSYS Design Exploration平台进行离心压气机优化的可行性。     

增压器压气机叶片结构/振动一体化优化设计

以废气涡轮增压器压气机叶轮为研究对象,创建了压气机叶片的三维参数化模型,通过全三维流场仿真分析,得到压气机的气动性能及叶片表面的压力分布.在不改变叶片形状、保证压气机气动性能的情况下,对叶片的静强度及振动特性进行了一体化优化设计.以叶片4个关键截面的叶顶、叶根厚度为设计变量,以离心力及气动压力作用下叶片的最大Mises应力、叶片的一阶动频为约束,以叶片体积为目标函数,在iSIGHT优化平台上集成了I-DEAS、ANSYS软件,采用混合整型优化和自适应模拟退火算法的组合优化方法,在满足叶片静强度小于屈服强度和一阶动频大于3倍工作频率的条件下,叶片体积(质量)减小了14.7%.     

叶轮倒角尺度对大流量离心压缩机气动和疲劳寿命的影响分析

为了分析不同倒角尺度对压缩机气动性能及疲劳寿命的影响,首先在控制离心叶轮主要结构参数不变的前提下,通过调整叶片根部及顶部倒角尺度得到一系列设计模型,其次通过数值模拟方法对不同设计模型的离心压缩机整级进行全三维稳态模拟并在设计转速下对离心叶轮进行强度计算,最后联合估算法及材料曲线计算叶轮部件疲劳寿命。结果表明：与倒角半径相比,倒角角度对气动性能的影响更加显著,在大流量点倒角角度造成等熵效率减小幅度达5%左右,总压比减小幅度达0.07左右;与倒角角度相比,倒角半径更有利于减小应力值;选取经验参数对不同倒角尺度的离心叶轮进行估算得到的疲劳寿命值与实验值偏差最大为3%,最小仅为0.09%。     

Novel multidisciplinary design and multi-objective optimization of centrifugal compressor used for hydrogen fuel cells

One-dimensional (1D) design and optimization of the impeller plays a significant role in performance improvement of the centrifugal compressor. However, most of the concentration has been paid to three-dimensional (3D) optimization of blades, few attention was focused on main control parameters determining aerodynamic performance and their optimal combination. Thus, this study innovatively developed a multidisciplinary design method combined with empirical 1D loss models, statistical analysis, and multi-optimization theory. The preliminary design of 1D parameters was developed based on empirical loss models. Besides, the analysis of variance of signal to noise ratio (SNR) was applied to find the main control parameters according to their contributions. To maximize the total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency, the multi-objective optimization based on grey relational grade (GRG) was used to find the optimal combination of 1D parameters. The results showed that the impeller outlet width and impeller outlet radius are the most sensitive parameters affecting compressor performance. The optimal combination of 1D parameters is obtained. Compared to the initial design, the optimal impeller can reduce consumed power of 2.99%, enhance the isentropic efficiency of 1.24% at design point, and obtain the maximum increment of isentropic efficiency of 2.16% at 50 g/s operating point at 70,000 rpm.     

Numerical analysis of flow in ultra micro centrifugal compressor -influence of meridional configuration

A single stage ultra micro centrifugal compressor constituting ultra micro gas turbine is required to operate at high rotational speed in order to achieve the pressure ratio which establishes the gas turbine cycle. As a consequence, the aerodynamic losses can be increased by the interaction of a shock wave with the boundary layer on the blade surface. Moreover, the centrifugal force which exceeds the allowable stress of the impeller material can act on the root of blades. On the other hand, the restrictions of processing technology for the downsizing of impeller not only relatively enlarge the size of tip clearance but also make it difficult to shape the impeller with the three-dimensional blade. Therefore, it is important to establish the design technology for the impeller with the two-dimensional blade which possesses the sufficient aerodynamic performance and enough strength to bear the centrifugal force caused by the high rotational speed. In this study, the flow in two types of impeller with the two-dimensional blade which have different meridional configuration was analyzed numerically. The computed results clarified the influence of the meridional configuration on the loss generations in the impeller passage.     

遗传算法在离心压气机叶轮结构优化中的应用

利用遗传算法对离心压气机叶轮的结构进行优化设计。通过叶轮三无了流动的准正交面法计算得到离心压气机叶轮的增压经,以离心压气机叶轮增压比作为遗传算法优化设计的目标函数进行计算,获得最佳的离心压气机叶轮的结构设计参数,分析计算结果和流动曲线,验证遗传算法在离心压气机叶轮结构优化中的可行性。     

基于流固耦合的离心式压气机叶轮叶片仿真研究

以某型离心式压气机叶轮为研究对象,利用ANSYS工程软件对叶轮进行单向流固耦合数值模拟。在综合考虑热载荷对叶轮叶片应力应变影响的前提下,建立叶轮单流道的三维流场模型,得到额定转速下压气机叶轮内部流场应力分布。将离心力、气动力和热载荷施加到叶片上,最终得到在离心力、气动力和热载荷三者共同作用下的叶片应力分布和叶片最大变形量。结果显示:相比仅考虑离心力和气动力影响的情况,在施加热载荷后,叶片最大应力增加7.62%,最大变形量增加24.69%。     

Design of high-efficiency turbomachinery blades for energy conversion devices with the three-dimensional prescribed surface curvature distribution blade design (CIRCLE) method

The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages of the direct presCrIbed suRface Curvature distribution bLade dEsign (CIRCLE) method for the design of high-efficiency turbomachinery blades. These advantages are illustrated by redesigning several examples of axial turbomachinery blades of interest to energy conversion devices, and discussing in detail the aerodynamic performance and efficiency improvements of the redesigned blades over the original geometries. The two-dimensional (2D) method, originally proposed for turbine blades, has been extended for use with 2D and three-dimensional (3D) turbine, compressor and fan blades, and isolated airfoils. By specification, the method allows joining line segments between the leading edge (LE) and trailing edge (TE) circles or ellipses so that the streamwise distribution of surface curvature and slope of curvature are continuous everywhere from the LE stagnation point to the TE stagnation point. The form of the line segments to prevent the “wiggles” of higher order lines is presented. Also by specification, the CIRCLE method can be integrated with multi-objective heuristic or evolutionary-algorithm optimization methods. The efficacy of the method is examined by: redesigning two 2D turbine blades, one 2D compressor blade, and one 2D isolated airfoil; and by designing one 3D compressor blade row and one 3D turbine blade row. The aerodynamic performance improvements between the original and the sample redesigned blades are discussed in detail, resulting in higher-efficiency blades than the original geometries. Further extension of the method for centrifugal and mixed-flow impeller geometries is a coordinate transformation. It is concluded that the CIRCLE method is a new design environment enabling the original design (or redesign) of high-efficiency 2D and 3D turbomachine blades, with direct applications in a variety of energy conversion devices.     

Centrifugal compressor blade optimization based on uniform design and genetic algorithms

An optimization approach to centrifugal compressor blade design, incorporating uniform design method (UDM), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis technique, regression analysis method and genetic algorithms (GA), is presented. UDM is employed to generate the geometric information of trial samples whose performance is evaluated by CFD technique. Then, function approximation of sample information is performed by regression analysis method. Finally, global optimization of the approximative function is obtained by genetic algorithms. Taking maximum isentropic efficiency as objective function, this optimization approach has been applied to the optimum design of a certain centrifugal compressor blades. The results, compared with those of the original one, show that isentropic efficiency of the optimized impeller has been improved which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach.     

采用开缝叶片流动控制的低比转速离心泵数值模拟与试验研究

基于流动控制技术,以某型号的低比转速离心式不锈钢冲压叶轮作为研究模型,采用数值模拟和试验研究了叶片不同开缝位置(r/R)对叶轮内部能量、湍流动能及耗散率分布的影响,同时制作了开缝叶片离心泵样机模型,并进行了试验验证,分析了叶片上开缝的相对位置对离心泵的扬程及效率等外特性的影响,比较了叶片有、无开缝的性能变化。研究结果表明:叶片开缝的位置对叶轮内流体能量的分布以及获得的总压能影响较大;开缝的存在会引起离心泵内部流场的变化,在开缝的地方会产生湍动能及耗散率的突变;不同的开缝相对位置对离心泵性能影响不同,开缝的相对位置为0.875,与没有开缝叶片的离心泵相比,效率提高了1.52%,拓宽了离心泵的高效区间,在大流量时,开缝存在起到了抑制分离的产生,提高了离心泵的扬程,改善了叶轮流道中流体的流动状态。     

轴流压气机多叶片排的气动优化设计

对某多级轴流压气机前三排叶片径向积叠方案进行了气动优化。该方案以商用软件iSIGHT作为平台,利用试验设计方法对整个搜索空间进行初步探索,采用逐次序列二次规划算法进行局部寻优,利用商业软件NUMECA进行粘性流场数值评估。对压气机全工况性能的计算表明,在流量和压比不减少的情况下,优化后的叶型设计工况和非设计工况性能均得到了改善。