Al2（SO4）3—CPAM复合絮凝剂在造纸脱墨废水中的应用

实验制备了无机／有机高分子复合型絮凝剂，考察了这类絮凝剂的组成、用量以及造纸脱墨废水pH值对其絮凝效果的影响。发现复合絮凝剂比单一的无机或有机高分子絮凝剂具有更佳的絮凝效果，并对复合絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步研究。在最佳的复合絮凝剂的组成和废水的pH值的条件下，处理后的脱墨废水的悬浮物含量、COD和浊度可分别降低80％、75％和95％以上。     

明矾-壳聚糖复合絮凝处理含油废水的研究

利用无机絮凝剂明矾和有机絮凝剂壳聚糖复合作用对含油废水进行絮凝处理。对影响絮凝过程的主要因素,如温度、溶液pH值、絮凝剂用量及复合絮凝剂配比进行了实验研究,结果表明:最佳絮凝条件为温度40℃和pH值6~7,复合絮凝剂明矾:壳聚糖配比为3∶1,絮凝剂用量为0.5 g/L时,絮凝效果最好。处理后的含油污水澄清度高,除油率可达到97%。     

微波法复合絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺((CPAM)为原料,采用微波法制备了新型复合絮凝剂,并将其用于处理高岭土模拟废水.当CPMA与PAFC的质量比为1:4时,絮凝效果最优.红外光谱分析表明,通过微波作用,无机高分子絮凝剂已接枝到有机高分子絮凝剂上,形成了新型复合絮凝剂.该复合絮凝剂pH适应性宽,投加量少,成本低.当模拟废水pH值为6～9、投加量为1.8mg/L时,去浊率可达到98.5%以上.     

新型复合絮凝剂γ-PGACa的性能研究

对新型有机-无机复合絮凝剂γ—PGACa处理废水进行了实验研究，考查了pH、总投药鞋、投配比和浊度四个影响因素，确定了最佳使用条件；然后将复合絮凝剂γ-PGACa与常见絮凝剂絮凝处理废水的效果和成本进行比较。结果表明γ-PGACa与常见无机絮凝剂结合使用，能大大查提多絮凝效果，性价比比常见的高分子絮凝剂如PAM高，且对环境污染较小，无毒、高效、可降解且不存在二次污染。     

腈纶工艺废水复合絮凝剂的开发及其处理研究

通过选取几种有机、元机絮凝药剂进行单一、复配絮凝实验,研究丁不同絮凝剂处理腈纶工艺废水的絮凝效果,找出一种能够提高腈纶工艺废水预处理效果的复合絮凝剂。实验表明：对腈纶工艺废水来说,无机高分子絮凝剂处理效果较有机高分子絮凝剂要好,其中PFS絮凝效果最好;无机、有机絮凝剂进行复配的絮凝效果明显比使用单一无机、有机絮凝剂要好,最佳组合为PFS与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）;若该复合絮凝剂加入一定量的MgSO4后。对CODcr去除效率有较大提高,并且MgSO4用量越多,效果越好;改性聚丙烯酰胺与MgSO4、PFS复配,可使CODCr去除率达到32．5％。     

聚合铝基复合絮凝剂脱色性能的初步研究

在众多印染废水脱色处理方法中，絮凝-沉淀法以其投资费用低、设备占地少、处理容量大、脱色率高而普遍采用。无机高分子絮凝剂与有机高分子絮凝剂相比，在聚合度及相应絮凝效果方面要差：有机高分子絮凝剂具有用量少、絮凝速度快、受pH值及温度影响小的优点，但价格昂贵，难以推广使用。     

高浓度含油乳化废水的复合絮凝气浮处理

针对冷轧高浓度含油乳化液废水,使用有机和无机复合絮凝剂处理进行了系统的研究。考察了絮凝剂种类、pH值、絮凝剂投加量以及有机-无机联合使用对絮凝效果的影响。加压溶气气浮动态试验表明处理效果是令人满意的。     

絮凝剂在水处理中的应用与展望

主要探讨了无机絮凝剂中铝盐、铁盐的絮凝机理与应用效果,天然有机高分子絮凝剂中的改性淀粉、改性纤维素、改性木质素及壳聚糖和人造有机高分子絮凝剂在水处理中的应用机理与效果,无机与有机复合絮凝剂的种类、絮凝机理、应用效果。并对无机、有机、无机与有机复合三种类型絮凝剂在水处理中的优缺点与应用现状进行比较,指出复合絮凝剂与天然有机絮凝剂在饮用水处理方面具有良好应用前景。     

复合型絮凝剂PAC-PAM处理含乳化油废水的试验研究

研究了不同条件下的聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂(PAC-PAM)对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果,并与使用单一絮凝剂的效果进行了对比。通过单因素条件试验研究pH值、PAC:PAM配比、溶液温度和沉降时间等操作条件对PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水效果的影响,从而得到PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水的最优条件及絮凝机理。结果表明:PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的最佳操作条件为:PAC为30mg/L、PAM为6mg/L、溶液温度40℃、溶液pH值为7和沉降时间30min。以COD去除率代表絮凝效果的好坏,最优条件下的COD去除率达到84.57%。复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的絮凝机理主要是:电中和破乳及高分子链的架桥综合作用。与使用单一絮凝剂PAC或PAM相比,PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果更好。     

聚硅酸铝铁Q6a及有机絮凝剂F2处理印染废水

以硅酸钠，硫酸和硫酸铝为原料制备了无机高分子复合聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂Q6a及Q6b。对染整工业排放的靛蓝废水的絮凝性能优于聚合氧化铝，更优于聚硅酸铁，加入10分钟左右，絮凝物即可沉降，废水经絮凝处理后透光率达到99%，又以原料淀粉，丙烯酰胺，ETA开发成功了有机高分子阳离子絮凝剂F2，Q6a与F2配合絮凝时效果更好。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。