智能天线非理想波束赋形对TD-SCDMA系统性能的影响

在实际的无线网络中,由于无线信道的复杂性以及DOA估计的误差,会导致智能天线系统的波束赋形出现一定程度的偏差。该文通过分析智能天线系统的原理,提出了非理想波束赋形智能天线对系统性能影响的研究方法,研究了智能天线系统的鲁棒性以及不理想波束赋形的智能天线对TD-SCDMA系统性能的影响。理论和仿真结果表明,波束赋形的准确度直接影响移动通信系统的性能,系统所能容忍的波束赋形偏差有一个固定的门限值,该门限值随着系统负载的增加而减小。     

多用户波束优化设计在智能天线系统中的应用

本文讨论了智能天线系统中的下行波束形成问题。智能天线可以通过阵列天线技术在同一信道中利用多个波束同时给多个用户发送不同的信号，以提高通信容量和质量。本文提出了蜂窝小区移动通信体制下波束形成的约束模型，并基于该模型利用Ｃｈｅｂｙｓｈｅｖ线阵实现多波束优化设计。理论分析及仿真结果表明，与目前其它方法相比，该方法具有空间分辨力高、计算量小、稳健性好等优点，有较强的实用性。     

一种基于波束切换方法的智能天线系统研究

智能天线技术(sman antenna)是近年来较为热门的技术之一,这一技术的出现为缓解日渐紧张的频率资源,提供更高质量的通信带来了希望.智能天线上行收主要有两种方式:全自适应方式和基于多波束的波束切换方式,文中从工程实现研究的角度出发,对基于波束切换方法的智能天线系统进行研究,重点在于介绍仿真的方法和仿真的指标,最后给出了结论.     

智能天线自适应波束形成技术现状及发展

文章介绍了智能天线自适应波束形成技术的基本概念及典型自适应波束形成方法，归纳了自适应波束智能天线的主要结构形式。在此基础上，分析了自适应波束智能天线实现中面临的几个问题，探讨了自适应波束形成技术未来的发展趋势。     

一种MIMO智能天线融合方法研究

提出一种采用波束调度策略的MIMO与智能天线融合设计方案,用以解决MIMO传输中空域相关性问题。融合方案在天线结构上以智能天线单元组建MIMO阵列,智能天线单元之间协同工作。分析了采用波束调度时的MIMO矩阵构成及其合并接收方式,给出一种波束间空域相关性的计算方法。仿真结果表明,在小角度扩展条件下,同指向的波束相关性与全向阵元相关性相似,而波束调度策略具有良好的去相关性,能有效提高MIMO信道容量。     

基于波束切换型智能天线技术的TDD-CDMA系统上行链路性能研究

该文通过分析波束切换型智能天线技术的原理,研究了波束切换型智能天线技术对TDD-CDMA上行链路的影响,给出了采用波束切换型智能天线技术后适合TDD-CDMA上行链路使用的接入控制算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明智能天线技术的天线阵元数和上行链路多用户检测技术优劣将直接影响上行链路容量,采用先进的接入控制算法和优化的接入控制门限值则可以显著提高系统性能。     

智能天线发射数字多波束形成方法研究

智能天线技术应用于第三代移动通信系统中具有可以减小因频率复用造成的共信道干扰（CCI）、提高频谱利用效率及增大系统容量、减小发射功率和空间电磁干扰、增加发射效率、对小区进行动态划分等优点。阵列天线的数字多波束形成技术是智能天线中的一项重要技术，关于接收数字多波束形成处理技术国内外相关文献报导较多，而对于发射数字多波束形成技术报导较少。文中主要讨论了两种发射数字多波束的形成方法，并通过计算机仿真试验验证该方法的可行性。此方法对蜂窝定位，空分多址系统的实现也有实用价值。     

数字波束形成技术在智能天线中的应用

研究了波束形成算法在智能天线中的应用,包括直接加权波束形成算法、旁瓣抑制波束形成算法和零点抑制波束形成算法。在研究各种算法的基础上给出了仿真结果,并对比了每一种算法。详细分析了每一种算法的特点及适用条件,为波束形成算法在智能天线中的应用提供了技术参考。     

皮智能天线中的LMS自适应波束形成研究

自适应波束形成是智能天线的核心技术,其主要思想是利用自适应算法调整阵列权向量,使天线主瓣指向有用信号,干扰方向对准零陷,尽可能地提高阵列输出所需信号的强度,同时减小干扰信号的强度,从而提高阵列输出的信噪比.运用MATLAB仿真对LMS算法收敛性能进行常规研究,但重点研究了收敛因子、阵元个数、阵元间距等阵列系统因素,以及阵列接收信号过程中两波束夹角对LMS自适应波束形成性能的影响,为进一步优化自适应波束形成的性能奠定了基础.     

TD—SCDMA智能天线与联合检测的结合仿真

智能天线波束赋形技术能很好地抑制小区间干扰,联合检测只能抑制小区内的多址干扰。在TD-SCDMA系统上行链路实现了智能天线波束赋形与联合检测的算法结合,并按照标准3GPP25．996的信道环境做了仿真,加入小区间干扰,仿真结果表明,智能天线与联合检测的结合能同时抑制小区内多址干扰和小区间干扰。     

基于最大比合并的MIMO分集系统递增天线选择算法

MIMO分集系统天线选择技术可以在不增加系统射频链路的情况下,达到与全天线几乎相同的分集增益.针对发送端采用最大比发送,接收端采用最大比合并的MIMO分集系统,提出了一种递增天线选择方法,每次增加一根天线,并使得它与已选出的天线结合起来具有最大的信噪比增益.相对于对所有可用天线集进行遍历的最优算法,它减小了需要搜索的范围和每次搜索的计算量,降低了复杂度;相对于功控天线选择算法,它考虑了新增天线与已选出天线集之间的相关性,改善了性能.仿真结果表明,在误比特率、信道容量和信噪比增益方面,此算法和最优算法性能相近,且不随可用天线数和选出天线数的改变而改变.     

几种多天线系统的信道容量比较

分布式天线、智能天线和扇区天线是三种能大大提高无线通信系统容量的技术,本文比较了这三种多天线系统的信道(Shannon)容量.假设每个用户在所有接收天线上的总功率相等,分析表明分布式天线和扇区天线的信道容量远大于智能天线的信道容量,而传统的观点认为智能天线在抑制干扰时要比扇区天线的性能更好,从而获得更大的系统容量.另外我们分析了分布式天线在渐近条件下的信道容量,即用户数K和载波数M都趋近无穷大,而保证α=K/M一定.分析表明在α较大时,分布式天线与比扇区天线的信道容量差趋近常数0.44比特/秒/维,但是如果考虑分布式天线的分集增益,那么分布式天线的信道容量要远大于扇区天线.     

Efficiency calculation of feed structures and optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray for highest G/T

For an antenna array, different feed structure topologies may yield the same radiation characteristics. However, different topologies may result in different efficiency and noise performance. In this paper, parallel arm antenna arrays are analyzed for efficiency and noise temperature using the noise equivalent line length method (NELL) with the number of antenna elements in a subarray as a parameter. It is shown that efficiency of an antenna array feed structure as well as its noise temperature can be calculated using the NELL method. The comparison of the two parameters, efficiency and noise temperature, yield the optimum number of antenna elements in a subarray of a parallel arm antenna array for the highest G/T ratio.     

Performance predictions for cellular switched-beam intelligentantenna systems

This article presents simple formulas which are helpful in predicting interference reduction and capacity increase provided by switched-beam intelligent antenna systems for cellular telecommunications. The key element of this type of intelligent antenna system is an m×M switching matrix where m is the number of beams and M is the number of radio channel units. The system capacity is related to the complexity of the switching matrix. A 12-beam switched-beam antenna system can provide 100 percent capacity increase over a conventional three-sector (three-beam) antenna system     

Variable antenna‐space shift keying for high spectral efficiency in exponentially correlated channels

In space shift keying (SSK), all information bits are transmitted by antenna indices rather than transmitting symbols. To obtain high spectral efficiency, exponentially increasing number of antennas is used, which is generally not practical. Less number of antennas can only be possible by using more than one active antenna, such as generalized SSK, but this type of solutions result in excessive degradation in bit error ratio in correlated channels. In this study, variable number of active antennas for each codeword is proposed and called variable antenna‐SSK. First of all, pairwise error probability is obtained for variable number of antennas in the case of correlated channels. Then, to reduce the correlation effect, a novel antenna codeword construction method that minimizes the pairwise error probability is introduced for exponentially correlated channels. Codeword sets are obtained for k = 3 and 8 bits/s/Hz for 7 and 13 transmit antennas. Simulation results show that variable antenna‐SSK gets better performance according to its counterparts with increasing effect of correlation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiple access capacity of UWB m-ary impulse radio systems with antenna array

In this paper, the multiple access capacity of an Mary pulse position modulation (PPM) impulse radio (IR) system with antenna array is analyzed in dense multipath environments. An antenna array with Rake receivers is used to capture the signal energy from multipaths. Multiple access performance of the system is evaluated in terms of number of supported users for a given bit error rate and bit transmission rate with different number of antenna elements and selected paths. Numerical results show that the multiple access capacity of an M-ary IR system can be improved significantly by increasing the number of antenna elements and/or by adding more paths coherently at the receiver.     

一种基于分布式发射天线的差分空时调制方法

在基于分布式发射天线的多入多出(MIMO)系统中,由于各发射天线的发射信号不同时到达接收端,用于信道估计的导引设计及发射方法存在一定困难。针对这一问题,该文提出一种无需信道估计的分布式MIMO差分编码及检测方法:发送端将发射矩阵进行相位差分调制后发射,接收端利用前后接收量判断相位信息恢复出发送端数据信息。该方法频谱效率与V-BLAST相同,适用于任意发射天线数和接收天线数,且不要求接收天线数大于发射天线数。仿真结果表明,在不同信道传播时延情况下,误码率性能不同。     

Reverse link erlang capacity of multiclass CDMA cellular system considering nonideal antenna sectorization

In this paper, the effect of antenna sectorization in the reverse link erlang capacity of a multiclass code-division multiple-access (CDMA) cellular system is studied. Traditionally, it has been considered that the capacity is multiplied by a factor equal to the number of sectors introduced. This is true only in the ideal antenna sectored system. However, due to the nonideal antenna radiation pattern, the sectorization gain is smaller than the number of sectors. Our contribution is the analytical study of the effect of nonideal antenna patterns on the capacity of a multiclass CDMA system. We also present an approximated analysis of the erlang capacity, considering that blocking in CDMA occurs when the interference reaches a predetermined level above the background noise level of mainly thermal origin. The analysis also includes the effects of imperfect power control and service activity detection. We found that the capacity losses due to the consideration of antenna sectorization are about 20.20% for the nonideal antenna radiation pattern and 30.32% for the evaluated commercial radiation pattern. This percentage loss implies that the sectorization gain is approximately 2.39 for a nonideal antenna pattern and 2.09 for a commercial antenna pattern in typical conditions, /spl mu/=4 and /spl alpha/=8 dB.     

Optimization of Antenna Array Structures in Mobile Handsets

A study of the capacity of multiple-element antenna systems is presented with particular emphasis on the effects of mutual coupling between the antenna elements. As the total size of the array is often fixed and limited, the correlation of fading as well as the mutual coupling of two elements separated in index by some value$l$increases. In this paper, at first with the assumption that the length of the linear array of antenna elements and the number of antenna elements at the receiver are fixed, the capacity with coding, without coding, and the symbol error rate (SER) of space-time coding are investigated. The results obtained show that for the mean signal to noise ratio at the receiver of$rho = 20$dB, the linear array of three antenna elements is the optimum choice if the total length of the array is in the range of$0.3lambda$–$0.86lambda$, while in the case of channel state information (CSI), this range is$0.25lambda$–$0.6lambda$. The effects of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of the base station antenna elements on the capacity of the fixed-length linear arrays are also discussed. Next, it is assumed that the number of antenna elements at the transmitter and receiver are equal. Simulation results show the number of antenna elements for maximizing the capacity.     

VAE/MPM/GA Technique for DoA Estimation Using Optimized Antenna Arrays

Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate the direction of arrival for the targets, but through using a large number of snapshots. In real time applications such as automotive radar, this is unacceptable as it causes delay and heavy processing. Instead, if only a small number of snapshots or, optimally, a single snapshot is available for DoA estimation, it will be fast and efficient. Single snapshot algorithms have a drawback as they require a large number of antenna elements, which considered a limiting factor. In this paper, a single snapshot DoA estimation technique is introduced by using optimized antenna arrays. The proposed algorithm is based on utilization of virtual array extension, matrix pencil method, and the genetic algorithm. The use of virtual array extension greatly improves the MPM performance. Furthermore, it exhibits a high DoA estimation accuracy by using a reduced number of antenna elements. The genetic algorithm is employed to determine the minimum number of antenna elements, which are required to estimate the DoAs with minimal root mean square error.