稻糠基磁性高吸油材料的仿生制备及性能研究

利用多巴胺的自聚合作用使Fe3O4纳米粒子固载于稻糠表面,进而采用十八胺进行样品表面疏水改性,制备得到稻糠基新型磁性疏水吸油材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、磁滞回线和接触角测定等技术对制备的样品进行了表征.实验结果表明,多巴胺改性成功实现了Fe3O4纳米粒子在稻糠表面的固载,所制得的稻糠基吸油材料具有较好的磁性,其磁饱和强度达39.6 emu/g,样品的接触角达135°,具有高疏水性.在对三氯甲烷等七种油性物质的吸油实验中发现,稻糠基新型磁性疏水吸油材料的最高吸油量可达自身质量的6.83倍,且样品的适用范围广、重复利用率高.     

纳米Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合材料的疏水改性与吸油性能

采用一步法制备Fe_3O_4@SiO_2纳米复合物,经疏水改性后,获得超顺磁性和超疏水性纳米复合材料。其饱和磁化强度为61.03emu/g,接触角为153.4°。对润滑油的吸附实验结果表明:对润滑油有较好的吸附能力,在30min内就可以达到吸附平衡,最大吸油量为1.40g/g;在pH为5~8范围内,该纳米复合材料呈现出较高的吸附容量;连续循环使用6次,其吸油量仍可达1.34g/g。可见,所制备的疏水型纳米Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合材料是一种易回收和可循环使用的高效吸油材料。     

疏水磁性碳酸钙的制备及其除油特性EI北大核心CSCD

以硬脂酸为疏水改性剂,将其与Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒和市售CaCO_(3)共混,分别以不同的原料质量比,制备疏水磁性碳酸钙HMC-1和HMC-2,并将HMC-2负载在PU海绵上用以提高其实用性能。采用X射线粉末衍射仪、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、接触角/表界面张力测量仪对合成样品的物相、表面有机官能团、热稳定性及疏水性能进行系列表征分析。结果表明,HMC-2比HMC-1,具有更稳定的疏水性能,除油前后水接触角基本保持不变,约为150°,除油后该材料没有出现类似HMC-1的铁渗出现象。将HMC-2负载在PU海绵上后,改性PU海绵在3 s内可去除98%的油,重复吸油20次仍能达到95%以上的除油率,吸油倍率(吸附油质量/吸附剂质量)大于100。     

3D石墨烯增效的磁性功能材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

用共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,将3D石墨烯包裹在Fe_3O_4纳米粒子表面,先后分别用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)对其表面进行乙烯基硅烷化改性,最后通过"巯基-烯"点击化学将功能单体3-巯基-1-丙磺酸钠(MPS)聚合在粒子表面制备了一种磁性功能材料Fe_3O_4@3DG@VTMO@MPS。分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、粒径分析(DLS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及热重分析(TGA)对功能材料的结构、形貌及热稳定性等进行表征,再通过静态吸附实验研究了此功能材料对溶菌酶的吸附性能。结果表明,制备的磁性功能材料具有较高的吸附性能(最大吸附量达162.1 mg/g)和较快的吸附动力学(150 min可达吸附平衡)。拟二级动力学模型适用于描述功能材料对溶菌酶的吸附动力学行为,且功能材料对溶菌酶的吸附过程更符合Langmuir吸附模型,表明功能材料对溶菌酶的吸附为单分子层吸附。以Fe_3O_4@3DG@VTMO@MPS作为固相萃取材料,分离富集蜂蜜中的溶菌酶,并结合高效液相色谱对实际样品进行检测。     

磁响应聚氨酯海绵的制备及吸油性能研究

利用四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)纳米粒子和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)共同修饰聚氨酯(PU)海绵,制备了具有磁响应功能的PU-Fe_3O_4吸油材料,并测试了其对油、水的浸润性能和吸油能力。结果表明,PU-Fe_3O_4海绵表现出优良的疏水亲油性能,对不同的有机液体,分别能够吸收自身质量7~22倍的有机物。吸油后的PU-Fe_3O_4海绵可利用磁铁分离,PU-Fe_3O_4海绵在重复使用20次后仍能保持好的吸油能力,可循环利用。此方法中,PDMS在PU骨架表面的聚合,解决了Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒容易脱落的问题,提高了PU-Fe_3O_4的稳定性,且制备过程简单经济,具有良好的应用前景。     

两种磁性纳米颗粒(Fe_3O_4、Fe_3O_4@柠檬酸)的制备及其在DNA提取分离中的应用

采用溶剂热法制备表面修饰柠檬酸的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子和磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,并对其粒径大小、晶体结构和磁性能进行表征,并考察其用于DNA提取分离的效果。结果表明,两产物均为立方晶系的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒。磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子和表面修饰柠檬酸的磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的平均粒径为411.1nm和586.3nm。当全血体积200μL、磁性纳米粒子用量2.0mg时,提取的DNA浓度最高分别为270.6ng/μL(Fe_3O_4)和466.4ng/μL(Fe_3O_4@柠檬酸)。     

磁热双重响应纳米Fe_3O_4/环氧树脂复合材料的形状记忆性能

以形状记忆环氧树脂EP5-60%为基体,掺杂改性磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,制备了一系列磁和热双重响应纳米Fe_3O_4/环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料。红外测试表明,KH550成功改性了磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,DSC测试确定热响应回复温度为80℃。当改性磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子质量分数为7%时,Fe_3O_4-7%/EP5-60%复合材料力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为29 MPa、断裂伸长率为37.3%。弯曲回复测试Fe_3O_4-7%/EP5-60%热响应形状记忆性能,其热响应形状记忆固定率(R_f)为99%,回复率(R_r)为97.9%。录像法记录Fe_3O_4-7%/EP5-60%磁响应形状回复过程时,25 min内能回复形变,磁响应回复率为93.3%。以上结果表明,利用Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的磁性,通过改性并控制好掺杂含量,可以制备性能较好的磁和热双重响应的纳米Fe_3O_4/环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料。     

碳量子点磁性纳米复合材料的制备与表征

采用一步法在高压反应釜中合成了粒径均一、荧光性能优异的碳量子点(CQDs)。再以化学共沉淀法制备纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,通过聚多巴胺(PDA)修饰制备得Fe_3O_4/PDA。本实验首次以PDA为桥梁,将Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒与CQDs连接,合成了以CQDs为荧光材料的多功能复合微球Fe_3O_4/PDA@CQDs。经过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射、振动样品磁强计、透射电子显微镜及荧光分光光度计等对该纳米复合物表征。结果表明:CQDs粒径约10nm,连接后的复合纳米粒子粒径在40nm左右,分散性良好且兼具优异的磁响应性和荧光发光性能。该复合微球无毒且生物相容性高,可以取代半导体量子点磁性纳米复合材料并广泛应用于药物分离、可视化和靶向治疗等生命科学领域。     

磁性纳米四氧化三铁在生物医学中的应用

近年来,由于磁性纳米粒子在实际应用中发挥越来越重要的作用,有关磁性纳米粒子的应用受到科学界广泛关注,特别是生物医学领域。由于磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子制作简单且晶体对细胞无毒,在生物医药领域大量应用,磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子主要通过表面包覆成为免疫磁性微球进行使用。简述了磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子的制备方法,重点综述了近些年磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子在生物医学上的应用,包括磁共振成像技术、磁分离技术、靶向药物载体技术、肿瘤热疗技术、造影剂技术,并且阐述了磁性纳米Fe_3O_4粒子的发展前景。     

Fe3O4 包覆聚苯乙烯磁性微球的制备及性能

为研究一种应用于磁稳定流化床反应器的新型高分子磁性微球的制备方法及性能,采用悬浮聚合法制备了Fe_3O_4纳米粒子包覆聚苯乙烯磁性微球,研究了搅拌速率、加入磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的时间等因素对复合微球粒径及性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、热重(TGA)等测试手段,表征了磁性聚苯乙烯微球的形貌特征、结构、粒径、磁学性能及Fe_3O_4的包覆量.实验结果表明:在搅拌转速为600 r/min,80℃保温10 min加入修饰Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,制备所得的磁性聚苯乙烯微球为粒径分布均匀的球状微粒;Fe_3O_4的包覆量达到5%,最高饱和磁化强度为3.73 emu/g,具有较好的超顺磁性,可应用于磁稳定流化床反应器.     

表面处理对PVC/稻壳复合材料吸湿性能影响研究

研究了硅烷偶联剂与酚醛树脂改性稻壳粉及填充PVC后对复合材料吸湿性能、力学性能影响.结果表明:用硅烷偶联剂与酚醛树脂复合改性的PVC/稻壳粉体系吸湿量、吸湿后的膨胀率低于单一的硅处理及未处理的复合材料,同时复合改性的PVC/稻壳粉体系力学性能明显优于其它复合材料.     

Evidence of Weak Ferromagnetism in Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 Powders by Means of Non-resonant Microwave Absorption

We report on the effects of temperature and dc magnetic field on non-resonant microwave absorption measurements at X-band (8.8–9.8 GHz) in Pb(Fe_2/3W_1/3)O₃ powders, for the 294–425 K temperature range. Two techniques are used: the magnetically modulated microwave absorption spectroscopy (MAMMAS) and the low-field microwave absorption (LFMA). MAMMAS response showed distinctive features associated with para-antiferromagnetic transition at T _N =334.3 K, and below T _N a weak ferromagnetism is also observed, and it is attributed to canting of Fe⁺³ ion sublattices in the antiferromagnetic matrix. The low-field microwave absorption (LFMA) is used to give further knowledge on this material, where this technique also gives evidence of the magnetic transition, suggesting a weak ferromagnetism at room temperature.     

Removal of oil from water using magnetic bicomponent composite nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning

In the present study, a magnetic nanofibrous composite mat composed of polystyrene (PS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers with selective incorporation of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) on/in PS was successfully prepared via a facile two-nozzle electrospinning process for oil-in-water separation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed the mats to be highly-porous in structure and confirmed the presence of the Fe₃O₄ NPs on/in the nanofibers. Both PS and PVDF nanofibers exhibited oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. The results showed improved mechanical properties when PVDF was added to the composite mat compared to the pristine PS mat. In addition, the incorporation of magnetic Fe₃O₄ NPs in the composite mat helps in the easy recovery of the mats after the oil-in-water sorption process. The composite mats showed good oil sorption capacity (35–46 g/g) and improved mechanical property. The present electrospun magnetic PVDF/Fe₃O₄@PS nanofibers could be potentially useful for the efficient removal of oil in water and recovery of sorbent material.     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and microwave absorbing properties in polycrystalline cobalt zinc ferrite (Co<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Zn<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>) composite

In this research work, magnetic and microwave absorption loss and other response characteristics in cobalt zinc ferrite composite has been studied. Cobalt zinc ferrite with the composition of Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ was prepared via high energy ball milling followed by sintering. Phase characteristics of the as-prepared sample by using XRD analysis shows evidently that a high crystalline ferrite has been formed with the assists of thermal energy by sintering at 1250 °C which subsequently changes the magnetic properties of the ferrite. A high magnetic permeability and losses was obtained from ferrite with zinc content. Zn substitution into cobalt ferrite has altered the cation distribution between A and B sites in spinel ferrite which contributed to higher magnetic properties. Specifically, Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ provides electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics. It was found that cobalt zinc ferrite sample is highly potential for microwave absorber which showed the highest reflection loss (RL) value of ??24.5 dB at 8.6 GHz. This material can potentially minimize EMI interferences in the measured frequency range, and was therefore used as fillers in the prepared composite that is applied for microwave absorbing material.     

Capillary water migration in rock: process and material properties examined by NMR imaging

We report the application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to the measurement of water content distributions in Lépine limestone, a typical constructional stone. The method is used to observe the kinetics of the absorption of water into this material by capillarity. The water content distributions are consistent with the predictions of unsaturated flow theory. The hydraulic diffusivity of Lépine stone is found to be an approximately exponential function of the water content, in agreement with experimental data on other porous materials. The best estimate of the diffusivity function is D (m²s^?1) = 6.3 × 10^?9 exp (4.90θ _r), whereθ _r is the normalized volumetric water content. The sorptivity estimated from NMR data is in close agreement with the directly measured value (1.00 mm min^?1/2). NMR imaging methods appear promising as a non-destructive and rapid laboratory means of determining moisture distributions, especially for the purpose of accurate measurement of the capillary transport properties of porous materials.     

Robust Flower‐Like TiO2@Cotton Fabrics with Special Wettability for Effective Self‐Cleaning and Versatile Oil/Water Separation

Inspired by the hierarchical structure of the mastoid on the micrometer and nanometer scale and the waxy crystals of the mastoid on natural lotus surfaces, a facile one‐step hydrothermal strategy is developed to coat flower‐like hierarchical TiO₂ micro/nanoparticles onto cotton fabric substrates (TiO₂@Cotton). Furthermore, robust superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton surfaces are constructed by the combination of hierarchical structure creation and low surface energy material modification, which allows versatility for self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. Compared with hydrophobic cotton fabric, the TiO₂@Cotton exhibits a superior antiwetting and self‐cleaning property with a contact angle (CA) lager than 160° and a sliding angle lower than 5°. The superhydrophobic TiO₂@Cotton shows excellent laundering durability against mechanical abrasion without an apparent reduction of the water contact angle. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale hierarchical structured cotton fabrics with special wettability are demonstrated to selectively collect oil from oil/water mixtures efficiently under various conditions (e.g., floating oil layer or underwater oil droplet or even oil/water mixtures). In addition, it is expected that this facile strategy can be widely used to construct multifunctional fabrics with excellent self‐cleaning, laundering durability, and oil/water separation. The work would also be helpful to design and develop new underwater superoleophobic/superoleophilic materials and microfluidic management devices.     

Facile preparation of novel hydrophobic sponges coated by Cu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O with different crystal facet structure for selective oil absorption and oil/water separation

In this work, a series of novel Cu₂O@sponge composite materials including cubic Cu₂O@sponges, octahedral Cu₂O@sponges and cubo-octahedral Cu₂O@sponges were prepared through a facile dip coating method to coat Cu₂O particles on melamine sponge, all of which possess very highly hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. The crystal phase, microstructure and surface functional group of the as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The effect of different crystal facet of Cu₂O on contact angle, wettability and oil absorption was systematically investigated. Meanwhile, the DFT calculation results show that the surface energy has significant influence on the hydrophobic property of Cu₂O, and the calculated surface energies of Cu₂O (111) and Cu₂O (100) crystal surface are 0.73 and 1.29 J/m², respectively. On basis of the DFT calculations and experimental results, the octahedral Cu₂O with eight (111) crystal facet-coated sponges has the highest hydrophobic properties with the contact angle of 149°, which therefore shows very high separation efficiency in oil/water separation and quickly absorbs floating oils on the water surface. Additionally, all the Cu₂O@sponges composite materials indicate excellent oil absorption performances and reusability in terms of hydrophobicity and oil absorbency, which would provide new materials for the potential application of oil/water separation.     

Porous soft magnetic material: The maghemite microsphere with hierarchical nanoarchitecture and its application in water purification

Porous soft magnetic material is a member of soft magnetic material family having large surface area. This kind of material has vast potential in the surface-related applications. In this paper, a kind of maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) with large surface area, 82.7 m²/g, specifically, was obtained by the solvothermal method and subsequent calcining process. As shown in the test results, the maghemite microsphere has no magnetic memory in the magnetic field since the residual magnetization is 0.7 emu/g. In the waste water treatment process, Rhodamine B, a model organic pollutant in the water, was removed through the adsorption and desorption cycles by the maghemite microspheres. The maghemite microspheres in the water can be recycled easily by a magnetic separation procedure and regenerated in ethanol at room temperature.     

Hexaferrite materials displaying ultra-high coercivity and sub-terahertz ferromagnetic resonance frequencies

Single-domain Sr_1−x/12Ca_x/12Fe_12−xAl_xO₁₉ (x = 4–6) particles are synthesized by a simple citrate auto-combustion method. The room temperature coercivity of the materials rises with aluminum content from 21.3 kOe (x = 4) to a maximum of 36 kOe (x = 5.5). This value is the highest among ferrite materials to date. Moreover, the magnetic alignment of the particles leads to further coercivity improvement up to 40 kOe. Due to large magnetic anisotropy the samples demonstrate sub-terahertz electromagnetic wave absorption by natural (zero-field) ferromagnetic resonance (NFMR). The absorption lines shift with aluminum substitution from 160 GHz (x = 4) to 250 GHz (x = 5.5), which is the record NFMR frequency known for a magnetic material. This research paves the way for development low-cost materials with extremely high coercivity and sub-terahertz NFMR.