西尼地平在人肝微粒体内代谢及代谢抑制

目的：在体外研究西尼地平在人肝微粒体内的代谢及选择性细胞色素P-450（CYP450）酶抑制剂对其代谢的影响。方法：在体外用人肝微粒体研究西尼地平的代谢,并用CYP450酶的选择性抑制剂探讨其对西尼地平代谢的影响及人肝微粒体中参与西尼地平二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢的CYP450酶。结果：西尼地平在人肝微粒体内被迅速代谢物M1,二氢吡啶环侧链脱甲基代谢物M2,二氢吡嘧环脱氢及其侧链脱甲基代谢物M3,酮康唑竞争性地抑制西尼地平二氢吡啶环的脱氢代谢,同时降低西尼地平的代谢速率,而其它抑制剂,奎尼丁,α-Naphthoflavone,diethyldithiocarbamate,sulfaphenazole和tra-nylcypromine对西尼地平二氢吡啶环的脱氢代谢没有明显的影响。结论：西尼地平在人肝微粒体内被迅速代谢,其二氢吡啶环的脱氢代谢是其代谢的关键性的步骤,CYP3A作为主要的CYP酶参与了西尼地平二氢吡啶环的脱氢代谢,CYP3A的抑制剂可能会与西尼地平发生代谢相互作用。     

人肝微粒体中尼莫地平代谢的酶动力学及其抑制(英文)

目的:在体外研究人肝微粒体中尼莫地平代谢的酶动力学及选择性的细胞色素P-450(CYP450)酶抑制剂对尼莫地平代谢的影响。方法:采用人肝微粒体研究尼莫地平脱氢酶的代谢动力学,运用Eadie-Hof-stee方程估算其动力学参数。在体外运用CYP450酶的选择性抑制剂探讨其对尼莫地平代谢的影响及人肝微粒体中参与尼莫地平二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢的CYP450酶。结果:尼莫地平在人肝微粒体中的代谢存在较大的个体差异,尼莫地平脱氢酶的K_m为(36±11)μmol,其V_m为(17±7)μmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1)。酮康唑和三乙酰竹桃霉素竞争性地抑制尼莫地平二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢,其K_i值分别为0.59和122.2μmol。非那西丁、奎尼丁、DDC、Sul和Tra对尼莫地平二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢没有明显的影响。结论:尼莫地平在体内的药物动力学个体差异与其在肝中的代谢存在多态性有关。CYP3A参与了尼莫地平二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢,CYP3A的抑制剂可能会与尼莫地平发生代谢相互作用。     

染料木黄酮在大鼠肝微粒体代谢的酶动力学

目的：体外研究大鼠肝微粒体中染料木黄酮代谢的酶动力学，及选择性细胞色素(CYP)酶抑制剂对其代谢的影响。方法：用大鼠肝微粒体研究染料木黄酮代谢的酶动力学，探讨CYP酶的选择性抑制剂对其代谢的影响及参与其代谢的CYP酶。结果：CYP1A2抑制剂呋喃茶碱可以显地抑制染料木黄酮代谢，使染料木黄酮的代谢速率下降。而其它CYP特异性抑制剂对染料木黄酮代谢没有明显的影响。结论：CYP1A2参与了染料木黄酮的代谢，CYP1A2的抑制剂可能会与染料木黄酮发生代谢相互作用，从而降低染料木黄酮的代谢速率。     

尼莫地平在人肝微粒体内的代谢

:采用人肝微粒体在体外研究尼莫地平 (Nim)在人体内的代谢物及代谢途径 . Nim在人肝微粒体内被迅速代谢成 3个代谢物 ,分别是 Nim二氢吡啶环脱氢代谢物 M1,二氢吡啶环侧链脱甲基代谢物M2 ,二氢吡啶环脱氢及其侧链脱甲基代谢物 M3.Nim在人肝微粒体中的最初的两步代谢反应是其二氢吡啶环脱氢氧化及其侧链脱甲基反应 ,两者的代谢产物可以被进一步代谢为代谢物 M3.CYP3A的特异性抑制剂醋竹桃霉素和酮康唑可以抑制Nim的二氢吡啶环脱氢氧化及其侧链脱甲基反应 ,使 Nim的代谢速率明显下降 ,结果提示 CYP3A参与了 Nim在人肝微粒体内的代谢     

藁本内酯在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢的酶动力学

研究体外大鼠肝微粒体藁本内酯代谢的酶动力学及选择性CYP450酶抑制剂对其代谢的影响。建立测定肝微粒体孵育液中藁本内酯含量的LC-MS法,以尼群地平为内标,二者的定量离子m/z分别选择173和315。考察确定最佳温孵条件,进行藁本内酯代谢的酶促反应动力学研究,通过特异性抑制试验,探讨参与藁本内酯代谢的主要同工酶。结果显示,酮康唑、甲氧苄啶、α-萘黄酮显著抑制藁本内酯的体外代谢,而奥美拉唑、4-甲基吡唑、奎尼丁对其体外代谢影响不大。可见CYP3A4、CYP2C9和CYP1A2是参与藁本内酯代谢的主要代谢酶,CYP2C19、CYP2E1和CYP2D6没有明显参与催化其代谢。

     

参与抗癌新药F318体外代谢的大鼠细胞色素P450酶

目的:体外研究大鼠肝微粒体中F318代谢的酶促动力学．及利用选择性细胞色素(CYP)酶抑制剂明确参与F318代谢的CYP亚型。方法:优化F318在大鼠肝微粒体中孵育的条件,并进行酶促动力学研究;探讨CYP酶的选择性抑制剂α-萘磺酮(CYP1A2),磺胺苯吡唑(CYP2C9),噻氯匹定(CYP2C19),查尼丁(CYP2D6),4-甲基吡唑(CYP2E1),酮康唑(CYP3A1)对其代谢的影响及参与其代谢的CYP亚型。结果:F318代谢的酶促动力学参数:最大反应速率(V_(max))为(1．40±0．03)μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1),米氏常数(K_m)为(19．36±2．30)μmol·L~(-1)。酮康唑可以显著地抑制F318代谢(抑制效果≈70％),而其他CYP特异性抑制剂对F318的代谢没有明显的影响。结论: CYP3A1主要参与了F318的代谢,CYP1A2,2C19和2D6也起到了部分代谢作用。     

大豆苷元在人肝微粒体中的单羟化代谢机制大豆苷元在人肝微粒体中的单羟化代谢机制

目的探讨大豆苷元在人肝微粒中羟基化代谢所涉及的肝细胞色素P450(CYP)同工酶，为研究其在人体内的代谢提供基础。方法通过分析大豆苷元在肝微粒体中和重组CYP酶中形成的单羟化代谢物的酶促动力学,分析其酶学模型，然后用不同CYP同工酶选择性抑制剂或底物进行抑制实验，初步筛选出介导大豆苷元单羟化代谢所涉及的CYP同工酶。结果代谢物的形成动力学符合米氏方程单酶模型。CYP1A2选择性抑制剂呋喃茶碱和CYP1A2单克隆抗体均能明显抑制3种单羟化代谢物的形成。而其他CYP选择性的抑制剂对3种代谢物的形成没有或较小产生抑制作用。用重组酶实验得出相同结果。结论体外肝微粒体研究表明，大豆苷元的单羟基代谢主要由CYP1A2所介导。     

白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢的酶动力学及CYP450酶特异性抑制剂对其代谢的影响

目的研究白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢的酶动力学及CYP450酶特异性抑制剂对其代谢的影响。方法将系列浓度的白屈菜碱与大鼠肝微粒体进行体外共孵育,采用HPLC法测定孵育液中剩余白屈菜碱的浓度,利用Graph Pad Prism 6.0软件进行数据拟合并计算酶动力学参数;分别将5种CYP450酶的特异性抑制剂与白屈菜碱进行共孵育,考察抑制剂对白屈菜碱代谢的影响,探讨参与其代谢的酶亚型。结果在大鼠肝微粒体中,白屈菜碱的Vmax为(3.52±0.18)mmol·min-1·kg-1;Km为(12.02±2.92)μmol·L-1;CLint为292.4 L·min-1·kg-1;CYP450酶特异性抑制剂酮康唑、α-萘黄酮、氟康唑和奎尼丁可以显著地抑制白屈菜碱的代谢,而噻氯匹定对白屈菜碱的代谢没有明显影响。结论白屈菜碱在大鼠肝微粒体中广泛代谢,CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2D6、CYP2C9是参与其代谢的主要代谢酶。     

银杏叶提取物及其不同成分对CYP3A4活性的影响

目的:研究银杏叶提取物及其中2种主要活性物质黄酮和内酯对人体内CYP3A4酶活性的影响。方法:构建了可用于体外高通量检测基于PXR诱导的CYP3A4系统,通过细胞培养实验,化学发光检测仪检测银杏叶不同组分对CYP3A4的激活水平。采用反相高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶不同组分对细胞内尼卡地平代谢的影响。结果:高通量检测系统检测表明,银杏叶提取物对体内的CYP3A4酶表达具有显著的激活作用。进一步研究证实银杏叶提取物的两类主要活性物质黄酮和内酯呈剂量的方式激活CYP3A4的表达。银杏叶内酯明显加速尼卡地平的代谢速率,而银杏叶黄酮则降低细胞内尼卡地平的降解速率。结论:银杏叶提取物及其主要活性成分黄酮和内酯能显著提高CYP3A4的活性,内酯能提高CYP3A4代谢尼卡地平的能力,而黄酮则可能由于药物相互作用的原因,抑制了CYP3A4酶活性,降低其代谢尼卡地平的能力。     

TM208在大鼠肝微粒体中代谢产物与细胞色素P450亚型代谢酶鉴别研究

在大鼠肝微粒体的体外代谢中研究作用于TM208的细胞色素P450亚型代谢酶。以不含细胞色素P450化学抑制剂的样品为对照，研究不同细胞色素P450亚型选择性化学抑制剂对TM208代谢转化率的影响。CYP2D和CYP2B的选择性抑制剂对TM208的代谢表现出浓度依赖性较强抑制作用，CYP1A的选择性抑制剂对TM208的代谢表现出一定抑制作用。CYP3A的选择性抑制剂对TM208的代谢没有表现出明显的抑制作用。TM208在人鼠肝微粒体体外代谢中主要通过CYP2D和CYP2B两种细胞色素P450亚型代谢酶参与代谢。     

Enzyme kinetics and inhibition of nimodipine metabolism in human liver microsomes

AIM: To study the enzyme kinetics of nimodipine (NDP) metabolism and the effects of selective cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) inhibitors on the metabolism of NDP in human liver microsomes in vitro. METHODS: Microsomes from six individual human liver specimens were used to perform enzyme kinetic studies and the kinetic parameters were estimated by Eadie-Hofstee equation. Various selective CYP-450 inhibitors were used to investigate their effects on the metabolism of NDP and the principal CYP-450 isoform involved in dehydrogenation of dihydropyridine ring of NDP in human liver microsomes. RESULTS: There was an important intersubject variability in NDP metabolism in human liver microsomes. For NDP dehydrogenase activity, the Km value was (36 +/- 11) mumol and the Vm value was (17 +/- 7) mumol.g-1.min-1. The dehydrogenation of dihydropyridine ring of NDP was competitively inhibited by ketoconazole (Ket) and troleandomycin (TAO), and the Ki values for Ket and TAO were 0.59 and 122.2 mumol, respectively. Phenacetin (Pnt), quinidine (Qui), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), sulfaphenazole (Sul), and tranylcypromine (Tra) had a little or no inhibitory effects on the dehydrogenation of NDP. CONCLUSION: The intersubject variability of NDP pharmacokinetics was attributed to the metabolic polymorphism of NDP in liver. Cytochrome P-4503A (CYP3A) is involved in the dehydrogenation of dihydropyridine ring of NDP.     

Metabolism and metabolic inhibition of gambogic acid in rat liver microsomes

AIM: To study the metabolism of gambogic acid (GA) and the effects of selective cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) inhibitors on the metabolism of GA in rat liver microsomes in vitro. METHODS: Rat liver microsomes were used to perform metabolism studies. Various selective CYP450 inhibitors were used to investigate their effects on the metabolism of GA and the principal CYP450 isoform involved in the formation of major metabolite M(1) in rat liver microsomes. Types of inhibition in an enzyme kinetics model were used to model the interaction. RESULTS: GA was rapidly metabolized to two phase I metabolites, M(1) and M(2), in rat liver microsomes. M(1) and M(2) were tentatively presumed to be the hydration metabolite and epoxide metabolite of GA, respectively. alpha-Naphthoflavone uncompetitively inhibited the formation of M(1) while ketoconazole, sulfaphenazole, diethyl dithiocarbamate and quinidine had little or no inhibitory effects on the formation of M(1). CONCLUSION: GA is rapidly metabolized in rat liver microsomes and M(1) is crucial for the elimination of GA. Cytochrome P-450 1A2 is the major rat CYP involved in the metabolism of GA.     

CYP3A4 mediated in vitro metabolism of vinflunine in human liver microsomes

AIM: To study the metabolism of vinflunine and the effects of selective cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) inhibitors on the metabolism of vinflunine in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Individual selective CYP450 inhibitors were used to investigate their effects on the metabolism of vinflunine and the principal CYP450 isoform involved in the formation of metabolites M(1) and M(2) in human liver microsomes. RESULTS: Vinflunine was rapidly metabolized to 2 metabolites: M(1) and M(2) in human liver microsomes. M(1) and M(2) were tentatively presumed to be the N-oxide metabolite or hydroxylated metabolite and epoxide metabolite of vinflunine, respectively. Ketoconazole uncompetitively inhibited the formation of M(1), and competitively inhibited the formation of M(2), while alpha-naphthoflavone, sulfaphenazole, diethyl dithiocarbamate, tranylcypromine and quinidine had little or no inhibitory effect on the formation of M(1) and M(2). CONCLUSION: Vinflunine is rapidly metabolized in human liver microsomes, and CYP3A4 is the major human CYP450 involved in the metabolism of vinflunine.     

Inhibitory effects of nicardipine to cytochrome P450 (CYP) in human liver microsomes

To anticipate drug-drug interactions by nicardipine in vivo, cytochrome P450 (CYP) forms responsible for the metabolism of nicardipine and inhibition of CYP-dependent drug metabolism by nicardipine were investigated. Microsomes of human B-lymphoblastoid cells expressing each human CYP form were used for the metabolism of nicardipine. Inhibitory effects of nicardipine on drug metabolism were studied using human liver microsomes. CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were identified as major CYP forms for the metabolism of nicardipine in human liver microsomes. Nicardipine strongly inhibited two-pathways of triazolam hydroxylation both catalyzed by CYP3A4. Comparison of three Ca(2+) antagonists, nicardipine, nifedipine, and diltiazem revealed that only nicardipine showed such a strong inhibitory potency on the typical CYP2D6-catalyzed drug metabolism. Furthermore, nicardipine inhibited other reactions catalyzed by CYP1A, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 with K(i) values ranging from 1.1 to 29.4 microM. In conclusion, nicardipine was a relatively potent inhibitor of human CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP2C (especially for CYP2C8 and CYP2C19) in vitro, suggesting that drug-drug interactions between nicardipine and other drugs metabolized mainly by these CYP forms appear to occur in vivo.     

体外研究人细胞色素P450在雌二醇代谢中的作用(英文)

目的:研究雌二醇在cDNA表达的P450和人肝微粒体中的代谢机制,为在体内研究细胞色素P450活性与肿瘤发生的关系提供依据。方法:用HPLC-ECD法测定雌二醇的代谢产物。通过雌二醇在不同cDNA表达的P450中代谢,13例人肝微粒体中相关性研究,抑制剂对代谢的影响以及微粒体中17β-羟基脱氢化和2-羟基化代谢的催化动力学的研究来推断雌二醇的代谢机理。结果:在cDNA表达的P450中,催化2-羟基化代谢的P450按活性排列依次为CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2C9。CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP2C8均具有较高的催化17β-羟基脱氢化活性。抑制CYP1A2与抑制CYP3A4对2-羟基化代谢产物生成的影响相似,可认为CYP1A2和CYP3A4在人肝微粒体中催化2-羟基化代谢的作用相近。雌二醇代谢的途径与底物浓度有关,低浓度时(1,10μmol/L)17β-羟基脱氢化为主要代谢途径;高浓度时(100μmol/L),2-羟基化成为主要代谢途径。结论:高底物浓度时,雌二醇主要由CYP1A2和CYP3A4催化代谢为2-羟基化产物。低底物浓度时,主要由CYP2C9、CYP2C19和CYP2C8催化生成17β-羟基去氢化产物。     

MN9202在Beagle犬肝微粒体酶中的代谢动力学

目的研究MN9202在Beagle犬肝微粒体酶中的代谢。方法差速离心法制备Beagle犬肝微粒体酶，0.4 μmol·L^-1的MN9202与1.0 g·L^-1的肝微粒体酶在37 ℃水浴中孵育30 min，加入0.5 mL碱化液终止反应，然后采用RP-HPLC法测定孵育液中MN9202原形药物的浓度。根据所测浓度与反应速度做Lineweave-Brurk双倒数曲线，推导出药物的米氏常数K_m和最大反应速度V_max,并计算机体内在清除率。同时观察不同浓度和不同种类的人肝微粒体酶(CYP450)抑制剂对MN9202代谢的影响。结果MN9202在Beagle犬肝微粒体酶中的K_m为(22.6±8.0) μmol·L^-1；V_max为(0.54±0.17) μmol·g^-1·min^-1；CL_int为(0.024 2±0.000 9) L·g^-1·min^-1。醋竹桃霉素(Tro)和酮康唑(Ket)能够显著抑制MN9202的代谢；反苯环丙胺(Tra)对MN9202的代谢也有一定的抑制作用，而其他CYP450抑制剂对MN9202的代谢无明显影响。结论CYP3A和CYP2C19参与了MN9202的代谢，人CYP3A和CYP2C19的抑制剂可能使MN9202的代谢受到抑制，造成药物的药效或毒性的增加。