高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的SEM和XRD研究

以Al2O3含量为52.72%的高铝粉煤灰和工业氧化铝为原料,在1300～1500℃保温2～4h合成了平均含量超过70%的M50、M60和M70莫来石。用SEM和XRD研究了合成莫来石的显微结构和物相组成。结果表明,未经盐酸处理的粉煤灰比用盐酸处理过的粉煤灰合成的莫来石的晶体和长径比大;随粉煤灰中Al2O3含量的增高,合成的莫来石的晶体尺寸和长径比变小,合成莫来石的温度需相应提高至1500℃;恒温时间长短对合成莫来石的影响远小于烧结温度的影响,高温下缩短恒温时间比低温下延长恒温时间有利于莫来石的生成。以高铝粉煤灰为原料合成M50和M60莫来石较为适宜,Al2O3与SiO2的质量比应控制在1.5～2.0。     

NaF对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的影响

采用XRD、SEM手段研究了NaF添加量和烧结温度对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的性能、晶体结构和显微形态的影响。实验结果表明,NaF可以有效降低合成刚玉-莫来石材料的烧结温度,在1200℃、NaF添加量为2%时,生成的莫来石颗粒较细小,且均匀分布在玻璃相中,材料的综合性能良好,体积密度为3.08g/cm3,抗折强度为62.11 MPa,莫来石与刚玉的含量比约为2∶1;当NaF添加至4%时,莫来石发育为长柱状,长径比约6~10,并且相互交错成网状,但其含量减少,材料强度降低;NaF添加至8%时,莫来石相消失,材料主晶相为刚玉,同时生成较多的玉米状呈十字交叉形的钠长石晶簇。     

利用高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的实验研究

利用粉煤灰合成莫来石具有良好的工业发展前景,但由于普通粉煤灰中Al2O3含量较低使得合成莫来石时必须添加大量工业氧化铝,从而增加了合成成本.利用高铝粉煤灰直接制备M50莫来石以及高铝粉煤灰与少量工业氧化铝混合合成M60和M70莫来石,其物理性能可以达到我国<烧结莫来石>标准(YB/T5267-2005),这大大降低了合成成本.研究表明,用未处理过的高铝粉煤灰直接制备低牌号莫来石(M50)适宜的烧结温度为1400 ℃,用处理过的高铝粉煤灰或合成高牌号莫来石(M60、M70)适宜的烧结温度为1500 ℃;恒温时间对合成莫来石的影响远小于烧结温度,高温下缩短恒温时间比低温下延长恒温时间有利于莫来石的生成.     

准格尔电厂高铝粉煤灰直接制备M50莫来石的实验研究

利用粉煤灰制备莫来石是粉煤灰高附加值资源化利用研究的一个重要方面,但由于普通粉煤灰中A12O3含量较低,使得制备过程中必须添加大量工业氧化铝,从而增加了合成成本.采用正交实验的方法,利用准格尔电厂高铝粉煤灰直接制备M50莫来石,并用阿基米德法测定莫来石样品的物理性能.经过XRD和SEM对制备的莫来石样品进行物相组成和显微结构研究,结果表明:利用高铝粉煤灰直接制备M50莫来石的物理性能可以满足<烧结莫来石>标准的质量要求.烧结样品其物相组成主要是莫来石和少量的玻璃相.影响烧结合成莫来石的主要因素是烧结温度,其次是恒温时间和试样的成型压力,高温下缩短恒温时间比低温下延长恒温时间有利于莫来石的形成,利用高铝粉煤灰直接制备MS0莫来石适宜的烧结温度为1400℃～1500℃,恒温时间以2h～3h为宜.     

硫酸铵与粉煤灰焙烧产物的物相组合及变化规律

为了提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3,采用助剂硫酸铵与粉煤灰混合,并经焙烧处理形成易浸取的硫酸铝铵。利用TG-DTA、XRD等分析手段对焙烧反应产物进行表征,研究了助剂添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对焙烧产物的影响。结果表明:添加硫酸铵焙烧可将粉煤灰中的Al2O3以硫酸铝铵的形式释放出来;当n(Al2O3)∶n[(NH4)2SO4]=1∶6时,粉煤灰中莫来石相完全消失;焙烧时间超过1.5 h时,其对应焙烧产物的物相主要为硫酸铝铵;升高温度,有利于硫酸铝铵的形成。     

羌塘中部雀莫正长斑岩体特征及构造意义

雀莫正长斑央全碱含量较高且K2O＞Na2O，富集大离子亲石元素，轻重稀土元素比值较高，稀土元素配分曲线呈斜率较大的右倾式，副矿物组合为磷灰石－榍石－磁铁矿，时代属喜马拉雅期，构造上属造山晚期侵入体。     

利用高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石微晶玻璃的实验研究

以高铝粉煤灰为主要原料,采用粉末烧结法制备出莫来石微晶玻璃。X射线衍射分析显示,经1350~1550℃热处理后,制得的微晶玻璃的主晶相均为莫来石。扫描电镜分析表明,较高的温度下热处理有利于晶体的生长。微晶玻璃的理化性能如吸水率、气孔率、体积密度、抗折强度和化学稳定性,随热处理温度的不同而发生相应的变化。1500℃热处理2 h制得的微晶玻璃具有优良的理化性能,在工程和结构领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

利用高铝粉煤灰合成β-Sialon粉体的实验研究

在N2气氛中以粉煤灰为原料,采用碳热还原氮化工艺制备了β-Sialon粉体,研究了碳含量、合成反应温度、保温时间和氮气流量等因素对生成物物相的影响。在添加适量Al2O3、C含量23%、氮气流量2L/min、合成温度1450℃、保温时间为6h的条件下,可获得Z=3的纯晶相β-Sialon粉体,粒度均一,形态规则。β-Sialon粉体粒径在1～3μm之间,形态与结晶程度受合成条件影响。在不同的制备条件下,所合成的产物为β-Sialon和Al N、β-SiC、Si3N4、Al6Si2O13、O’-Sialon、α-Al2O3、Si O2等的混合物。并对高铝粉煤灰合成β-Sialon的反应过程进行了分析。     

煤矸石合成莫来石熟料研究

研究了煤矸石加氢氧化铝及氧化铝合成莫来石熟料的可行性。实验表明,采用煤矸石和氢氧化铝可在１５００℃完成莫来石化反应,到１５５０℃可得到接近理论密度的莫来石熟料,采用煤矸石和工业氧化铝反应,可在１５５０℃全部合成莫来石,到１６００℃可得到接近理论密度的莫来石熟料,采用煤矸石加α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３所得样品性能良好,化学成分最纯。     

苏州高岭石的热变过程研究

运用X射线衍射、红外光谱及固体高分辨核磁共振等手段,研究了苏州高岭石560～1600 ℃热变产物,结果显示:①高岭石-偏高岭石-莫来石的转变系列存在结构上的连续性,其转变经历了脱羟阶段(约400～600 ℃),偏高岭石阶段(600～800 ℃),相分离阶段(800～1100 ℃),莫来石阶段(1100～1600 ℃);②莫来石形成过程没有出现Al2O3的大量分凝,但存在SiO2的分凝;③偏高岭石-莫来石转变过程的中间相为Al-Si尖晶石和准莫来石;④引起1000 ℃放热反应的主要因素是SiO2的大量分凝,其次是准莫来石等过渡相的形成.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with